• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1991

A total of 2,024 quarters of 515 dairy cattle in Kangweon area were examined for incidence of subclinical mastitis. Milk samples from cattle infected with subclinical mastitis were studied bacteriologically and the bacterial strains isolated were further examined for sensitivity to 12 antibacterial agents. And the status of carrying out the mastitis control program in 28 dairy farms was examined. The results obtained were summerized as follows ; 1. A total of 308(59.8%) of 515 cattle and 656(32.4%) of 2,024 quarters were found to be infected with subclinical mastitis. 2. The 277 strains of etiological agents were isolated from 358 subclinical quarters. These were identified as Staphylococcus aureus(14.4%), other staphylococci(36.5%), Streptoccus agalatiae(8.7%), other streptococci(30.7%), Bacillus spp.(1.8%), Corynebacterium spp.(1.4%) and coliform(0.7%). 3. The 109 strains of streptococci and 141 strains of staphylococci were examined for sensitivity to 12 antibacterial agents. All the strains of streptococci were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin and cephalothin, and they were also sensitive to erythromycin(88.1%), clindamycin(83.5%), enrofloxacin(75.2%), trimethoprim＋sulfamethoxazole(67.9%), The strains of staphylococci were sensitive to cephalothin(97.2%), gentamicin(83.0%). enroflozacin(80.9%), trimethoprim＋sulfamethoxazole(78.0%), erythromycin(71.6%) and clindamycin(71.6%). But all the strains resisted to colistin. 4. In the 28 dairy farms examined, condition of udder before washing was dirty in most of the farms (89.7%). Hygiene of milking equipment was only good in the 5 farms(17.9%). Teat preparation before milking was good in the 6 farms(21.4%). The farms in which teat dipping after milking was conducted were 46.4%. Dry cow treatment for the complete herd was carried out in most of the farms(89.3%) but mastitis checking was only carried out in the 8 farms(28.6%) irregularly.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.302-306
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• 1999

정장용 효모로 알려져 있는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS5926의 생균제 제조를 목적으로 생균수 증대를 위한 배양조건과 배양 후 얻은 균체의 효과적인 동결건조 보존법에 관하여 조사하였다. 포도당을 탄소원으로 하는 회분식과 유가식 배양에 비해 에탄올을 탄소원으로 하는 유가식 배양이 장점이 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 배양 72시간 후 2.2${\times}$10^9 cfu/ml의 생균수와 38g/l의 건조 균체량을 얻을 수 있었다. 에탄올을 탄소원으로 하는 유가식 배양으로부터 얻은 균체의 동결보존을 위한 보호제의 효능을 비교한 결과, 20% 백당(w/v)과 30% 유당(w/v)에서의 생존율이 16.3%로서 비교된 다른 종류의 동결보호제보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 백당, 유당 및 탈지분유의 혼합에 의한 동해방지 보호 효과를 비교한 결과 생존율이 12.4~16.5%로서 보호제의 혼합에 따른 생존율의 상승효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.271-280
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• 2001

We report on the applicability oj a method recently developed in our laboratory for measuring the antioxidant potential of isolated chemicals and extracts derived from natural products. Peroxyl radicals generated by thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis-amidinopropane (ABAP) oxidize $\alpha$-keto-${\gamma}$-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) to ethylene, which is monitored by gas chromatography. Inhibition of ethylene formation in the presence of antioxidants that compete with KMBA for peroxyl radicals is the basis of the Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity Assay (TOSCA; Winston et al., 1998). Antioxidative activities of water-soluble extracts of American green tea, the anti-hepatotoxic flavonolignan from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) silybin, Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, and a series of naturally occuring sesquiterpene lactones (all ger-macranolides found in in fungi, liverworts, and plants) were studied. The specific TOSC value per $\mu$M silybin was 5.2, which is essentially comparable to that of Trolo $x^{ⓡ}$, a water-soluble vitamine E analog. Tea and Ginkgo extracts exhibited potent peroxyl radical scavenging capacity with values, respectively of =1700 and 1000 $\mu$mols Trolo $x^{ⓡ}$ equivalent per gram dry matter. The known anti-inflammatory activity of some germacranolides prompted study of their antioxidant capacity. None of the lactones exhibited antioxidant capacity toward peroxyl radicals comparable to Trolo $x^{ⓡ}$; costunilide, the most lipophilic, had a TOSC value = to glutathione. The potential role of peroxyl radicals in lipidperoxidation, other cellular damage, and var-ious disease states suggest a possible preventive role for silybin, green tea and Ginkgo biloba in oxidative stress caused by these free radical species.ecies.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.519-525
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• 1994

충남 예산지방에서 호밀을 답리작으로 재배할 때 파종시기와 채취시기가 사요가치에 미치는 영향을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 호밀의 조단백질, 가소화단백질, 총가소화양분(TDN)과 P, K, Ca, Mg 등의 무기물 그리고 에너지추정값(ENE), 필유에너지(NEL), 유지에너지(NEM), 증체에너지(NEG) 등의 에너지 함량은 파종기가 빠를수록 감소하고 ADF (acid detergent fiber) 와 NDF(neutral detergent fiber)는 증가하였다. 2. 단위면적당 조단백질, 가소화단백질, 총가소화양분(TDN), P, K, Ca, Mg등의 무기물 및 에너지추정값(ENE), 필유에너지(NEL), 유지에너지(NEM), 증체에너지(NEG) 등의 에너지 수량은 파종기가 빠를수록 증가하였으며 10월 5일에서 10월 25일까지의 파종기간에는 별 차이가 없었다. 3. 채취시기별로는 모든 파종기에서 조단백질은 개화후기 예취시, 가소화단백질 및 증체에너지 (NEG)는 출수기 예취시, 총가소화양분(TDN) 수량은 유숙기 예취시 제일 많았다. 4. 호밀의 채취적기는 관행사료가치 관점에서는 유숙기 무렵으로 판단되나 가소화단백질 및 증체에너지(NEG)측면에서는 출수기 무렵이 적기로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1996

Hehage production, botanical composition and soil chemical characteristics were investigated Ween new pastures and old pastures during grazing seasons from May 1993 to October 1994, to find out the condition of pastures grazed by horses on Chdu. Dry matter yields between new pastures and old pastures were 8,757kglha and 7,486kglha respectively. Plant heights of new pastures were 17.4cm. compared with those of old pastures of 12.lcm. The botanical composition of new pastures was composed of grasses about 402, legumes 7~14%, others 18-30% and dead materials 18~ 25%. whiie there were grasses 12%, legumes 3~7%, others 65% and dead materials 15% in old pastures. The contents of crude protein, phosphoms and sodium were lower in old pastures(l3.30, 0.24 and 0.10% respectively) than those in new pastures(l5.47, 0.28 and 0.14% respectively). There was no difference in ADF, NDF, Ca, Mg and K content between the 2 kinds of pastures. The chemical characteristics of the 2 kinds of pastures was shown to be similar, except available phosphorus, comparing 8.18ppm in old pastures with 84.43ppm in new pastures. Although the herbage yield and the soil characteristics of old pastures were lower than those of new pastures, we suppose that the old pastures would be improved, if taken good care of by methods such as oversowing and sometimes applying fertilizer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.88-91
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• 2001

In order to investigate the relationship between the incidence of displaced abomasum and feeding, the actual feeding practices and chemical compositions of roughage were examined in 2 kinds of farms at Tokachi district in Hokkaido. Examination of animal health records revealed that the annual milk yield per cow in high incidence (H-DA) farms was significantly higher than that in low incidence (L-DA) farms. The amount of concentrates fed in H-DA farms tended to be higher than that in L-DA farms during lactation. Compared to L-DA farms, the amount of juicy roughage (corn silage and grass silage) and dry roughage (hay, hay cube and roll wrap silage) during lactation in H-DA farms tended to be higher and lower, respectively. Moreover, the amount of roughage and the ratio of roughage to concentrates in H-DA farms tended to be lower than in L-DA farms. The survey indicated that displaced abomasum was associated with insufficient feeding of dietary fiber and overfeeding of concentrates.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigated the short-term effects of early weaning and protein intake on organ and cell growth, nitrogen metabolism and physiological functions of rats. Five groups of early weaned rats separated from the dam on the 15th day postpartum were each given one five diets consisting of either one of the three levels of casein-low(8%), -normal (16%), and -high(32%), or a normal level (16%) of isolated soy protein(ISP) or egg yolk protein, for 7 days. The normal weaned rats were fed maternal breast milk for three weeks from birth. On the 22nd day postpartum , all the rats were sacrificed . The weight gain of the early weaned rats, especially the ones fed high protein, was observed to be significantly lower than that of the normal weaned rats. By the 15th day, of early weaning and especially in the ISP-fed rats, the total DNA contents of liver and kidney, which may be said to represent an index of cell numbers, significantly decreased, but their fresh and dry weight and protein/DNA ratio, allegedly representing an index of cell size, significantly increased , not affecting the cell number and cell size of brain. There were no differences in total serum protein and albumin concentrations between early and normal weaned rats. In the early weaned rats observed , the serum urea N and $\alpha$-amino N concentrations significantly increased in high protein-fed rats, and decreased in low protein-fed rats. Another observation was that no significant difference was noticed as regards to serum GOT activity, total bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine concentration, which may represent indices of liver and kidney functions, among rat groups, GPT activity was an exception . These results suggest that premature weaning and the quality and quantity of dietary protein significantly affect organ and cell growth and nitrogen metabolism but does not seriously affect physiological functions in the neonatal development of rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1999

Age at maturity was studied in 661 Nili Ravi buffaloes maintained at six dairy farms in Pakistan. The mean age at maturity in the overall data from the six farms was $976.49{\pm}9.2$ days. Significantly lower mean age at maturity $(957.93{\pm}10.68\;days)$ was observed at Military Dairy Farm, Khyber Okara, Military Daiiy Farm, Punjnad and Livestock Research Station, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad (Group I) compared to $(1015.26{\pm}17.39\;days)$ other three Military Dairy Farms, Peshawar, Nowshera and Rawalpindi (Group II). The advantages associated to early age at maturity were as following. Male and female calves were heavier $(38.35{\pm}0.17\;and\;31.84{\pm}15kg,\;respectively)$ in Group I as compared to $(29.27{\pm}0.26\;and\;26.27{\pm}0.26kg)$ in Group II. Milk yield per lactation was significantly higher in Group I $(1912{\pm}12\;lit.)$ as compared to $(1833.36{\pm}16.56\;lit.)$ in Group II. Lactation length was significantly longer $(284.41{\pm}1.23\;days)$ in Group I as compared to $(277.77{\pm}2.02\;days)$ in Group II. Dry period and service period were significantly shorter $(241.59{\pm}4.18\;and\;217.05{\pm}4.95\;days,\;respectively)$ in Group I as compared to $(306.39{\pm}78\;and\;280.95{\pm}9.32\;days)$ in Group II. The mean age at first calving and sex ratio were low ($1282.75{\pm}10.14$ days and 100 ♀ ♀:130.7 ♂ ♂) in Group I as compared to ($1308.7{\pm}16.44$ days and 100 ♀ ♀:152.15 ♂ ♂) in Group II but the differences were non significant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.789-793
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• 2003

An investigation was conducted on 729 Hariana cows maintained at Government Livestock Farm, Hisar, from 1973 to 1999, with an objective to compare the efficiency of various selection indices for attaining desired genetic gains in the index traits. The various traits included were age at first calving (AFC), service period (SP), calving interval (CI), days to first service (DFS), number of services per conception (NSPC), lactation milk yield (LY), peak yield (PY), dry period (DP). Except for LY, PY and AFC the heritabilities of all other traits were low. Desirable associations among reproductive traits are supportive of the fact that any one of these traits incorporated in simultaneous selection is expected to cause correlated response in other traits. Production traits (LY and PY) were positively correlated, while DP had low negative genetic correlation with LY, and high genetic correlation with PY. Thus, DP can be taken as additional criteria in selection index for better over all improvement. Almost all production traits except DP had low negative correlation with AFC, SP, DFS and CI meaning that reduction in reproduction traits up to certain level may increase production performance. While, the correlation of NSPC with LY and PY was moderate positive. Among four trait indices I23: incorporating PY, AFC, SP and NSPC and among three trait indices I1: incorporating LY, AFC and SP were the best as these required least number of generations (4.87 and 1.35, respectively) to attain desired goals. Next in order of preference were PY or LY along with DP and SP as the best indices (I20 and I16) of which, index with PY may be preferred instead of LY as it produced considerably high correlated response in LY and reduction in NSPC as well.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1970

1. "과피원판저지대법"으로 사과 탄달병 방제약제의 지속성, 전착제 및 살충제혼용의 효과를 검정하였다. 2. 살균제를 뿌린 후 시일이 경과할 수록 살균력은 줄었다. 공시 약제 중에서 Difolatan의 약효가 가장 컸으며 15일 후에도 $60\%$의 살균력이 있었고 그 다음은 Tuzet, Phaltan, 보르도액 , Delan의 순위였다. 3. 인공강우량이 많을수록 Tozet의 약효는 줄었으나 전착제를 첨가함으로색 약제의 유실을 경감할 수 있었다. 시판 상품인 리노 1,2호 및 Tween 20 보다도 탈지분유 및 콩추출액의 효과가 현저히 좋았다. 4. Phaltan을 단용하는 것보다 EPN, Folithion, Parathion 및 Lebaycid 를 섞어서 실온에 12일간 두어도 어느 것이나 살균핵과에는 현저한 차이가 없었다.