• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1996

About 7.7 million tons of straw dry matter are being rotten during the monsoon. The objective of this trial was to develop a technique to preserve straw under wet condition. To simulate the moisture content of wet straw, a dry straw was deeped overnight in water. After draining the excess water, the wet straw(668 g moisture $kg^{-1}$) was divided into twenty fractions and preserved with 0, 30, 50 ro 70 g urea $kg^{-1}$ dry matter for either of 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 days in sealed plastic container. Considering the colour, smell, fungal infestation and pH, the wert straw was preserved excellently up to 180 days when 50 or 70 g of urea per kg DM was used. Urea preservation increased the crude protein contents of straw by 3.6 to 6.4 times (174 to $364g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) over that of the dry straw ($48g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). Although the NDF content of straw was not effected by the level of urea or by the length of the preservation period, but the ADF content increased (p > 0.05) by 0.086 to $0.889g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ straw DM for each g increase in the urea level. At 48 hours, the DM degradability of dry straw was $350g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, which increased to $633g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ when preserved with 50 g urea $kg^{-1}$ for 180 days. For the same straw, both the rate(0.0388 vs. 0.0136 fraction $h^{-1}$), the extent(717 vs. $631g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) of straw degradation and the estimated ME(9.55 vs. $6.51MJ{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ straw DM) were higher in the preserved than the dry straw.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1999

가을철 봄 연맥의 생산을 위해 파종량과 파종기간의 관계를 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따라서, 본시험은 파종량 및 파종시기가 사초용 연맥 (Avena sativa L.)의 사초특성 및 사료가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위하여 1997년 8월 15일부터 10월 24일까지 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속실험목장의 사초시험 포장에서 실시되었으며, 파종량은 ha당 150, 200 및 250kg을 주구로 하고, 파종시기(월/일) 인 8/15, 8/22, 8/29, 9/5를 세구로 하는 분할구 시험법으로 3반복 설계 배치하였으며, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 건물 함량(DM%)은 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 9월 5일 파종기(24.8%)를 제외한 다른 파종기는 유의적으로 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 8월15일 파종시는 23.0%, 22일은 21.5%, 29일은 20.5%가 됐다. 연맥의 건물 함량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에는 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다(P<0.01). 조단백질(CP) 함량은 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 15.6%에서 27.9%로 유의적으로(P<0.01) 증가됐다. 연맥의 조단백질 함량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다(P<0.01). ADF 및 NDF 함량은 파종시기가 빠른 것이 높게 나타났으며(P<0.01), 파종량에 있어서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. In vitro 건물 소화율은 파종량이 많고 파종시기가 늦은 것이 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). Ha당 평균건물 수량은 2,647kg에서 615kg으로 나타나 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 유의적으로 계속 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 파종량간에 있어서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 연맥의 평균 건물수량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에는 고도의 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다. 평균 조단백질 수량은 ha당 171kg에서 410kg으로 나타나 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 계속 증가하였으며, 파종량에 있어서는 파종량이 많을수록 유의성이 인정되었다(P<0.01). 따라서 연맥의 평균 조단백질 수량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에는 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다(P<0.01). In vitro 가소화 건물(IVDDM)수량은 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 계속 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 파종량에 있어서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과 우리나라에서 사초용 연맥의 수량 증수 및 사료가치의 향상을 위해 파종량은 ha당 200kg, 파종시기는 8월29일 이전이라고 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1997

A study was carried out to evaluate the values of roughages available in Korea on feed intake and digestibility of Korean native goats and consequently to apply its results to the feeding system of Korean goats as a basic information. The results are as follows. 1. The protein contents in Alfalfa and Acacia leaf were 17.6 and 16.3% respectively 11.7 and 6.8% higher than orchardgrass and pine needle. Ether extract tom pine needle was about two times higher than other roughage sources which are 9.2%. 2. Dry matter intake per day in goats fed alfalfa, acacia leaf and orchardgrass was higher (P < 0.05) at 590.3, 543.8 and 496.58 respectively and 217.lg in pine needle. 3. Dry matter intake per basal weight (DM glkg of B$W^{0.75}$ and DM g/kg of BW%) was higher in goats fed acacia leaf at 68.5 and 3.5% respectively than any other treatments goats fed pine needle showed the lowest (P< 0.05) dry matter intake at 28.6 and 1.5% respectively. 4. Dry matter digestibility was highest (PcO.05) in alfalfa fed goats at 61.4%. Dry matter digestibilities in orchardgrass, pine needle and acacia leaf were 58.0, 46.8 and 46.6% respectively. 5. Total digestible nutrients were highest (P< 0.05) in Alfalfa fed goats at 59.5%. Total digestible nutrients in orchardgrass, pine needle and acacia leaf were 54.2, 50.7 and 47.7% respectively. 6. In conclusion, the value of orchardgrass as feed for goats was as excellent as alfalfa and although acacia leaf had a less value than alfalfa in goats, it is considered to be used as a protein supplement in diets for goats due to its high content of protein and excellent palatability. Intake of pine needle in Korean goats in this study was satisfactory and it indicates the possibility of its use as a supplement in diets for goats. However, fkther investigation will be necessary particularly on the deleterious effects of ether extracts of pine needle

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to evaluate respiration characteristics and develop empirical respiratory rate equations for short gain rough rice. The carbon dioxide concentrations generated from mush rice at four level temperatures(10, 20, 30, 4$0^{\circ}C$) and 4 level moisture contents(17.2, 21.5, 25.9, 31.6％, d.b.) were measured by gas chromatography. The respiratory rates' increased exponentially with gain temperature and also with moisture content The relationship between respiratory rate and gain temperature fitted the Arrehenius' and Core's equations very well. Two empirical respiratory rate equations were presented as a function of gain temperature and moisture content. The values of determination coefficient for the developed respiratory rate equations were 0.999, and the result of t-test showed that there were no significant differences between predicted and measured respiratory rates on significance level of 1%. Therefore, it appeared that respiratory rates predicted by the respiratory rate equations agreed well with measured values. An equation for predicting dry matter losses of rough rice during storage was presented by modifying the respiratory rate equations based on chemical reaction of decomposition of carbohydrate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1989

In spite of the well confirmed advantages of wilting on the fermentation quality, wilting silages are difficult to make at optimum dry matter content. The prolonged wilting, especially in humid condition, result in lower water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, extensive protein breakdown and sometimes higher total volatile fatty acid (VFA) during wilting an ensilage. Apart from difficulty of controlling moisture content, another problem associated with wilted silages is different evaluation on the potential productivity. In temperature climate of Asia, therefore further researches on the effects of wilting on the silage fermentation and potential productivity seen to be necessary.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권
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• pp.135-139
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• 2002

The standard of quality was required to promote the consumption of potato and produce the high quality processing products. It will contribute the stability for processing products and the marketability of potato. The quality was determined based on size of tuber and content of dry matter. Even though the criteria of potato quality was involved many characters of tubers, the most important things were grading and packing of potato to create the consumption. For processing of raw materials, the standard of tubers had create between producer and processor according to size of tuber and content of dry matter. The evaluation of quality was performed over the standard to enhance the control of quality. In addition, the seed potato should be taken the evaluation to disease in the field during the period of cultivation and managed under the strict regulation in storage before release to farmer. Then, the producer of seed potato will make a good relationship to farmer with high quality tubers.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cattle compost application on the change of soil physical properties and their relationship to yield performance of selected main forage crops. Maize(CV. Suweon 19) and sorghum hybrids(CV. Pioneer 9'31) as a summer crops and winter rye were grown on newly reclaimed red yellow soils(Fine loamy, Typic Hapludults) under different application rate of cattle compost associated with chemical NPK fertilization, from Oct. 1986 to Sept. 1989. Experimental field was laid down as a split plots design with four replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cattle compost application reclaimed soil physical propeties, such as formation of granular structure and water holding capacity, and it result in a great increase of plant growth and the rate of dry matter accumulation. 2. While cattle compost treatment reduced the portion of soild phase of the three phase constituents of soils, it increased the portion of air phase and liquid phase comparatively. 3. Organic matter, N, P, K, and mineral content in soil were markedly increased in the plot treated with compost. 4. Cattle compost application increased fodder production both in maize-rye and sorghum hybrids-rye cultivation. Annual dry matter yield of maize-rye cropping was 2183(NI'K only), 2425(NPK+compvst 3000 kg) and 2800kg/lOa(NPK + compost 6000kg/10a).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1983

전남지역(全南地域)의 간척지(干拓地), 간사지(干潟地) 및 하천제방(河川堤防) 등에 널리 자생(自生)하고 있는 갈대에 대(對)하여 1982년(年) 5월(月)부터 동년(同年) 10월(月)까지 전남 영암군 군서면 해창리, 함평군 학교면 곡창리, 광양군 진월면 망덕리 지역(地域)의 간척지(干拓地), 하천제방(河川堤防) 및 간석지(干潟地)를 중심(中心)으로 생육시기별(生育時期別), 지역별(地域別) 수량(收量), 영양소(營養素) 함량(含量) 및 in-vitro 건물소화율(乾物消化率)을 조사(調査) 분석(分析)하였는데 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 갈대의 초장(草長)은 5월(月)과 6월(月)에 급속(急速)히 신장(伸長)하였고, 건물수량(乾物收量)은 9월(月)까지 증가(增加)한 후(後) 감소(減少)하였다. 2. 갈대는 일반적(一般的)으로 생육(生育)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 함량(含量)과 in-vitro 건물소화율(乾物消化率)은 감소(減少)하였고 섬유소(纖維素) 함량(含量)은 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 갈대는 생육지역(生育地域)에 따라 일반성분(一般咸分), $SiO_2$, Ca 및 P 함량(含量)에 상당한 차이(差異)가 나타났다. 4. 갈대의 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 함량(含量)과 섬유소(纖維素) 함량(含量) 사이에는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었고, 조단백질(粗蛋白質)과 in-vitro 건물소화율(乾物消化率)과는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었으며, in-vitro 건물소화율(乾物消化率)과 섬유소(纖維素) 함량(含量)과는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2018

동계작물인 보리를 재배한 후 하계작물인 수수, 기장 및 피를 대상으로 하여 조사료 생산량과 그에 따른 사료가치를 분석하여 보리와 적합한 하계작물의 최적의 작물조합을 선정하기 위하여 실시한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 초장은 하계작물 모두 1차 및 2차 수확할 때보다 호숙기가 가장 컸으며, 수확시기에 따른 수분 함량은 1차 수확할 때 가장 높았고 호숙기에 수확할 때 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 2. 보리의 건물수량은 10 a 당 1,343 kg였으며 보리와 하계작물를 작부체계에 따른 건물수량은 수수의 경우 1차 및 2차 수확보다 호숙기에 수확할 때 10,018 kg으로 가장 많았으며, 기장과 피 역시 출수기와 재생 후 수확 시 보다 호숙기에 수확할 때 건물수량이 더 많았다. 3. ADF 함량은 수수는 1차 및 2차 수확 시 보다 호숙기 때가 낮았지만 기장과 피는 호숙기가 더 높은 ADF 함량을 보였다. NDF 함량은 3작물 모두 1차 및 2차 수확 시 보다 호숙기에 더 많은 함량을 보였으며, 조단백질 함량은 1차 및 2차 수확할 때가 호숙기에 수확할 때보다 함량이 더 높았다. 4. 건물 수량에 대한 조단백질 총생산량은 수수의 경우 1차 및 2차 수확할 때보다 호숙기에 수확할 때 약 761 kg으로 가장 많았으며, 기장과 피는 출수기와 재생 후 수확할 때가 호숙기 보다 상대적으로 높은 함량을 보였다. 5. 가소화양분총량은 3작물 모두 수확시기에 따른 함량 차이는 보이지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1107-1111
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential nutritive value of five legume forages (leaves and twigs) in West Sumatra during wet and dry seasons. The chemical composition, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD), organic matter (IVOMD) and crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), in vitro gas characteristics and estimated metabolizable energy (ME) showed variation among legume forages and between different seasons. Crude protein (CP) ranged from 14.2 to 27.8% DM in the wet season, with a significant (p<0.05) reduction in dry season. C. pubescens, G. maculata, L. leucocephala and P. phaseloides showed the least reduction in CP content. The NDF, ADF and lignin were about 39.0, 26.5 and 6.1% DM, respectively in the wet season, and significantly (p<0.05) increased in the dry season, except for NDF of C. mucunoides and C. pubescens. For IVDMD, IVOMD and IVCPD significantly increased in the wet season, but values remained as high as over 50.0% of DM. The in vitro gas characteristics and metabolizable energy were significantly (p<0.05) higher in wet season than the dry season. During both seasons, the rate of constant (c) for G. maculata and ME content for C. pubescens and P. phaseloides were not significantly (p<0.05). Results demonstrated that P. phaseloides and L. leucocephala have a good nutritive value during both wet and dry seasons. Further studies on feeding trials are needed to quantify the animal responses when offered these legume forages.