• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1990

Changes in dry matter yield, crude components, nutrients uptake($P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO) and sulphur containing amino acid(cysteine, methionine) of orchardgrass(Dacty1is glomerata. L) and alfalfa(A4edicago sativa. L) by gypsum application(as sulphur source, 0, 2. 5, 10, 20kg SIlOa) were investigated to understand the effect of sulphur on herbage production in pasture, which was established in 1987 as means of hand broadcasting. The effect of gypsum on dry matter yield at different cutting times during growing seasons has not been found both in orchardgrass and in alfalfa, but in respect to annual total dry matter yield there were increment in herbage yield (P<0.05) of alfalfa at 5, 10, 20kg SIlOa in 1989 and the amounts of sulphur taken up in herbage slightly increased according to the rates of gypsum application. Maximum apparent recovery of sulphur was 7.55% at 2kg SIlOa in orchardgrass and was 17.8% at 5kg S/lOa in alfalfa. There were no any great differences in the content of crude components of both species and this trend was similar with the mineral contents of orchardgrass. But in alfalfa, the amounts of $K_2O$, CaO, and $P_2O_5$ taken up were increased by gypsum application and the increment in the amounts of minerals taken up in herbage at 20kg SIlOa were 14.9 of $K_2O$, 9.1 of CaO, and 2.5kgIlOa of $P_2O_5$ as compared to those of at untreated plot. Cysteine and methionine were not influenced by gypsum applicaton not only in orchardgrass but also cysteine in alfalfa, however, the content of methionine in alfalfa was slightly increased at 2, 5, lOkg SIlOa and at 20kg SIlOa was reverse.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to discuss the ways to consistently feed high quality corn silage(CS). This study evaluated the effect of the corn silage, after a certain time has elapsed, on the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics after feedout during the winter feeding period of the CS. Six samples of CS from four dairy farms(E1, E2, E3, and L1 ) were taken in order to feed the milking cows over a winter feeding Period from November of 2002 until February of the following year, 2003(six samples were taken at the fellowing dates in the following order: sample one was taken on the 23rd Nov. 2002, sample two on the 5th of Dec. 2002, 3rd sample on the 23rd of Dec. 2002, 4th sample on the 7th of Jan. 2003, 5th sample on the 22nd of Jan. 2003, and the 6th sampling was carried out on the 6th of Feb. 2003) at the three sampling sites after the opening of the trench silos at intervals of 15 days. In the dry matter contents of CS, there wasn't any specific tendency according to the elapsed time in the range of 21.3~$27.3\%$ at all low dairy farm(E1, E2, E3, and L1). And the average dry matter contents were 24.1, 25.9, 23.6, and $20.4\%$. Considering the Proper amount of the dry matter of CS during the ripen yellow stage, the appropriate moisture content was $33\%$ (NRC, 1989), and these dry matter contents were all low. A consistent tendency was not found in the contents of CS. The average of CP contents were 10.2, 8.0, 8.5, and $9.8\%$ at the E1, E2, E3, and L1 farms, and there were significant differences. The TDN contents of CS were not different among forms according to the time elapsed. The pH, according to the time elapsed after opening of the CS, there were no differences at each of E1, E2, E3, md L1 farms. Average pH were 3.5, 3.9, 3.6, and 4.1, md all of them were in normal range. In the lactic acid contents of CS, a consistent tendency was not found among four farms. But according to the time elapsed. there was a goat difference from 1.13~$7.8\%$ The acetate, propionate, and butyrate contents of CS were very low. In this study, there was no significant difference in the CS's chemical composition and fermentation characteristics according to the elapsed time at all four dairy farms. Considering the proper dry matter contents of CS during the ripen yellow stage, the appropriate dry matter content was $33\%$, and dry matter contents of few farms were all low. To enhance the quality of corn silage should be ensiled com at proper dry matter content range from 28 to $35\%$ Therefore, content of the corn plant should be always be closely monitored prior to beginning harvest.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1405-1409
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was to determine proper physical traits in the diet for goats by investigating the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, and chewing activity in black goats fed with total mixed ration (TMR). Methods: Six growing wethers of Korean native black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) aged 8 months and weighing between 26.9 kg and 27.1 kg ($27.03{\pm}5.05kg$) were used in this experiment. Three diets of varying peNDF content were obtained by original TMR (T1), 12,000 rpm grinding (T2), and 15,500 rpm grinding (T3) of the same TMR diet. The $peNDF_{1.18}$ content of the experimental diets was 23.85%, 21.71%, and 16.22% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Results: Average daily gain (ADG) was higher in T2 group compared to those of the control and T3 groups, but ADG and DMI were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF content. Also, there was no difference between apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although there was no significant difference, rumination and total chewing time were associated with decreased peNDF content. Conclusion: The feeding of peNDF-based TMR showed no impact on apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Further studies are required with a wider range of dietary peNDF level and particle size to better identify the effect of dietary peNDF and particle size on chewing activity and performance in goats.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2006

This study is on different dry methods for Artemisia sp. which were not affected by the dry matter percent. Essential oil components such as 1,8-cineol and terpineol were highly affected by the dry method. 1,8-cineol and terpineol components were decreased by adaptation of the heated oven-drying method and the freeze-drying method. Borneol components were increased through shady sun-drying, sun-drying and freeze-drying. Heated oven drying method decreased the vitamin C content. Vitamin C content was decreased in oven-drying about 50% during this period, but only 10% decreased in the freezing dry method. Qualities were changed by different drying methods. Therefore, different dry methods of Artemisia sp. were applied to the flavorgen.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.66-70
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• 1998

Four introduced forage rape (Brassica napus) cultivars, 'Akela', 'Ramon', 'Sparta', and 'Velox' and a leading rapeseed cultivar, 'Hallayuchae' were grown at nitrogen (N) rates of 0, 100, 250, 300, 350, and 400 kg/ha to (i) select forage rape cultivars adapted best to Cheju area, and (ii) determine the optimum N rate for the best cultivars. Days from seeding to flowering across the cultivars increased 190 to 195 days as N rate increased from 0 to 400 kg/ha. Average days to flowering of six cultivars ranged from 182 to 198 days. Plant height increased as N rate increased up to 300 kg/ha and then decreased with a further increase in N rate and ranged from 159 to 174 cm among the cultivars. The optimum N rate for the greatest dry matter yield of five cultivars ranged from 222 to 258 kg/ha. Sparta showed the greatest dry matter yield (35.79 Mg/ha), followed by Akela, Hallayuchae, Velox, and Ramon. As N rate increased, crude protein content linearly increased but crude fiber content declined curvilinearly. Akela and Sparta had higher protein content than the other cultivars did. The forage cultivars had lower crude fiber content than the oilseed cultivar Hallayuchae did. Our results demonstrated that Sparta was best adapted to Cheju area and the optimum N rate for Sparta was about 220kg/ha.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

Objective: The fermentation profile and silage quality of 3 Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars (cvs. Devis, Hellen, and Trinova) treated with 5 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) were evaluated. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Annual ryegrass cultivars used in this study have been commonly grown in Turkey. Nitrogen doses were set in main plot and cultivars in split plot in the field. Plants were harvested at full-flowering stage with dry matter content about 220 g/kg for first cutting and 260 g/kg for second cutting. Harvested plants were chopped theoretically into 2 to 3 cm lengths for ensiling. Chopped fresh materials were ensilaged by compressing in 2 L plastic jars about 3±0.1 kg. Results: Effects of N doses on dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility, relative feed value, crude protein, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were statistically significant while water soluble carbohydrate, ash and organic matter were not statistically different. Ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, ash, organic matter, lactic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were affected by cultivars, but the other parameters were not. Increasing nitrogen applications positively affected the chemical composition of annual ryegrass silage. The significant increase in protein content was remarkable, however, silage fermentation properties were adversely affected by the increasing nitrogen dose. Conclusion: It can be recommended 150 kg/ha nitrogen dose for annual ryegrass harvested at full blooming stage. Even though the silage fermentation properties of the used cultivars were similar, cv. Devis gave better results than the others in terms of silage pH and relative feed value.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1986

소석회(消石灰)와 유기물(有機物)의 병용(竝用) 및 규산(硅酸)칼슘의 시용(施用)이 카드뮴으로 오염(汚染)된 토양(土壤)에서 배추의 생육(生育) 및 Cd 함량(含量)에 주는 영향(影響)을 밝히기 위(爲)하여 카드뮴이 처리(處理)된 토양(土壤) 150g 씩을 담은 소형(小型) 화분(花盆)에 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 소석회(消石灰) 단용(單用)은 1, 2작(作)에서 배추의 생육(生育)을 심(甚)히 억제(抑制)시켰으며 제(第) 3작(作)에 가서는 오히려 다른 처리구(處理區)보다 생육(生育)을 왕성(旺盛)하게 하였다. 2. 소석회(消石灰)+유기물구(有機物區)는 초기(初期)부터 배추생육(生育)이 량호(良好)하였고, 배추의 Cd 함량(含量)도 소석회단용구(消石灰單用區) 이하(以下)로 낮추었으며 그 효과(效果)는 3작(作)까지 계속(繼續)되었다. 3. 규산(硅酸)칼슘은 토양(土壤)의 pH에는 큰 영향(影響)을 못주면서도 배추를 정상적(正常的)으로 생육(生育)케 하고 소석회(消石灰)만은 못하였으나 배추의 생육(生育)을 억제(抑制)하지 않는 범위(範圍)인 건조(乾燥) 배추 100g 당(當) 0.21me까지 Cd함량(含量)을 감소(減少)시켰다. 4. 대조구(對照區)와 유기물(有機物)만을 단용(單用)했을 때는 토양(土壤)의 pH가 심(甚)히 낮아지고 배추의 Cd함량(含量)도 높았으며 2작(作)부터는 배추가 거의 다 고사(枯死)되었다. 5. 배추의 Cd함량(含量)은 Ca흡수량(吸收量)과는 부상관(負相關), Mg, K, 함량(含量)과는 정상관(正相關)을 보였는데 Mg 함량(含量)과 더 밀접(密接)한 상관(相關)을 갖고 특(特)히 재배(栽培)가 거듭될수록 동관계(同關係)는 더 현저(顯著)하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1996

About 7.7 million tons of straw dry matter are being rotten during the monsoon. The objective of this trial was to develop a technique to preserve straw under wet condition. To simulate the moisture content of wet straw, a dry straw was deeped overnight in water. After draining the excess water, the wet straw(668 g moisture $kg^{-1}$) was divided into twenty fractions and preserved with 0, 30, 50 ro 70 g urea $kg^{-1}$ dry matter for either of 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 days in sealed plastic container. Considering the colour, smell, fungal infestation and pH, the wert straw was preserved excellently up to 180 days when 50 or 70 g of urea per kg DM was used. Urea preservation increased the crude protein contents of straw by 3.6 to 6.4 times (174 to $364g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) over that of the dry straw ($48g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). Although the NDF content of straw was not effected by the level of urea or by the length of the preservation period, but the ADF content increased (p > 0.05) by 0.086 to $0.889g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ straw DM for each g increase in the urea level. At 48 hours, the DM degradability of dry straw was $350g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, which increased to $633g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ when preserved with 50 g urea $kg^{-1}$ for 180 days. For the same straw, both the rate(0.0388 vs. 0.0136 fraction $h^{-1}$), the extent(717 vs. $631g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) of straw degradation and the estimated ME(9.55 vs. $6.51MJ{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ straw DM) were higher in the preserved than the dry straw.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1999

가을철 봄 연맥의 생산을 위해 파종량과 파종기간의 관계를 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따라서, 본시험은 파종량 및 파종시기가 사초용 연맥 (Avena sativa L.)의 사초특성 및 사료가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위하여 1997년 8월 15일부터 10월 24일까지 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속실험목장의 사초시험 포장에서 실시되었으며, 파종량은 ha당 150, 200 및 250kg을 주구로 하고, 파종시기(월/일) 인 8/15, 8/22, 8/29, 9/5를 세구로 하는 분할구 시험법으로 3반복 설계 배치하였으며, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 건물 함량(DM%)은 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 9월 5일 파종기(24.8%)를 제외한 다른 파종기는 유의적으로 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 8월15일 파종시는 23.0%, 22일은 21.5%, 29일은 20.5%가 됐다. 연맥의 건물 함량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에는 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다(P<0.01). 조단백질(CP) 함량은 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 15.6%에서 27.9%로 유의적으로(P<0.01) 증가됐다. 연맥의 조단백질 함량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다(P<0.01). ADF 및 NDF 함량은 파종시기가 빠른 것이 높게 나타났으며(P<0.01), 파종량에 있어서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. In vitro 건물 소화율은 파종량이 많고 파종시기가 늦은 것이 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). Ha당 평균건물 수량은 2,647kg에서 615kg으로 나타나 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 유의적으로 계속 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 파종량간에 있어서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 연맥의 평균 건물수량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에는 고도의 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다. 평균 조단백질 수량은 ha당 171kg에서 410kg으로 나타나 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 계속 증가하였으며, 파종량에 있어서는 파종량이 많을수록 유의성이 인정되었다(P<0.01). 따라서 연맥의 평균 조단백질 수량에 대하여 파종량 및 파종시기간에는 유의적인 교호작용이 있었다(P<0.01). In vitro 가소화 건물(IVDDM)수량은 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 계속 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 파종량에 있어서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과 우리나라에서 사초용 연맥의 수량 증수 및 사료가치의 향상을 위해 파종량은 ha당 200kg, 파종시기는 8월29일 이전이라고 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1997

A study was carried out to evaluate the values of roughages available in Korea on feed intake and digestibility of Korean native goats and consequently to apply its results to the feeding system of Korean goats as a basic information. The results are as follows. 1. The protein contents in Alfalfa and Acacia leaf were 17.6 and 16.3% respectively 11.7 and 6.8% higher than orchardgrass and pine needle. Ether extract tom pine needle was about two times higher than other roughage sources which are 9.2%. 2. Dry matter intake per day in goats fed alfalfa, acacia leaf and orchardgrass was higher (P < 0.05) at 590.3, 543.8 and 496.58 respectively and 217.lg in pine needle. 3. Dry matter intake per basal weight (DM glkg of B$W^{0.75}$ and DM g/kg of BW%) was higher in goats fed acacia leaf at 68.5 and 3.5% respectively than any other treatments goats fed pine needle showed the lowest (P< 0.05) dry matter intake at 28.6 and 1.5% respectively. 4. Dry matter digestibility was highest (PcO.05) in alfalfa fed goats at 61.4%. Dry matter digestibilities in orchardgrass, pine needle and acacia leaf were 58.0, 46.8 and 46.6% respectively. 5. Total digestible nutrients were highest (P< 0.05) in Alfalfa fed goats at 59.5%. Total digestible nutrients in orchardgrass, pine needle and acacia leaf were 54.2, 50.7 and 47.7% respectively. 6. In conclusion, the value of orchardgrass as feed for goats was as excellent as alfalfa and although acacia leaf had a less value than alfalfa in goats, it is considered to be used as a protein supplement in diets for goats due to its high content of protein and excellent palatability. Intake of pine needle in Korean goats in this study was satisfactory and it indicates the possibility of its use as a supplement in diets for goats. However, fkther investigation will be necessary particularly on the deleterious effects of ether extracts of pine needle