• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 1999

나뭇잎은 친지질성인 대기중 PAHs의 passive sampler로 많이 사용되고 있다. 특히 많은 지역의 PAHs 농도를 측정·비교해야 할 경우나 전기를 사용할 수 없는 먼지역의 농도를 측정해야 할 경우 시간적, 경제적으로 매우 유리한 방법이다. 그러나 부주의하게 시료를 채취하거나 농도를 계산할 때에 기준 선정이 잘못되면 좋지 않은 결과를 얻을수도 있다. 이 연구는 나뭇잎을 대기중 PAHs의 passive sampler로 사용할 때 생기는 이러한 문제점에 대하여 연구한 것으로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 나뭇잎 중의 수분양, 지질양, 잎의 면적과 건중량 간에는 상관성이 없었고 그로 인하여 나뭇잎에 침착된 PAHs 농도도 잎의 습무게, 건중량, 지질양, 면적 기준으로 계산한 농도가 서로 달랐다. 이중 잎의 건중량(지질양이 포함된 무게) 기준으로 PAHs 농도를 표기하는 것이 나뭇잎의 성상과 자료의 호환성 때문에 가장 좋은 것으로 생각된다. 2) 같은 장소에서 채취한 나뭇잎도 수종간에 침착된 PAHs 농도 차가 상당히 컸으므로 서로 종류가 다른 나뭇잎간 농도를 비교해서는 아니된다. 소나무는 비교적 많은 나라에 자생하고 있고 상록수로서 겨울에도 시료채취가 가능하며 많은 연구자들이 이용하고 있으므로 자료의 호환성 면에서 가장 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1988

본(本) 연구(研究)는 광도(光度)와 식재밀도(植栽密度)를 달리하여 이식(移植)한 잣나무 묘목(苗木)의 시기별(時期別) 생장(生長)에 대(對)한 침엽(針葉)의 중량생장(重量生長)을 조사(調査) 분석(分析)한 것으로 기(其) 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 묘목(苗木)의 침엽(針葉) 생장(生長)에 있어 생중량(生重量) 급(及) 건중량(乾重量) 생장(生長)은 상대광도(相對光度)가 높아 질 수록, 그리고 식재밀도(植栽密度)가 낮아 질 수록 점차(漸次) 증가(增加) 하였으며 시기별(時期別) 생장(生長)에 있어서는 5월(月)~6월(月)의 시기(時期)가 가장 높게 나타났다. 2) 침엽(針葉)의 생중량(生重量)과 건중량(乾重量) 생장(生長)에 상대광도(相對光度) 급(及) 식재밀도(植栽密度) 그리고 시기별(時期別) 생장(生長)이 미치는 영향(影響)은 각각(各各) 기여율(寄與率) 1.9%와 5.1%, 3.6%와 3.2%, 그리고 83.7%와 75.6%로 각기(各己) 작용(作用) 되었다. 3) 침엽(針葉)의 생중량(生重量)과 건중량(乾重量) 생장(生長)에 있어 피음(被陰), 식재밀도(植栽密度) 그리고 생장시기(生長時期) 등(等)의 3개(個) 요인(要因)은 상호간(相互間) 모두가 유의적(有意的) 이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1120-1126
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• 2006

Dry matter (DM) degradation of leaves from Quercus cercis, Quercus libari, Quercus branti, and Quercus coccifera was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) the nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production in the presence or absence of PEG and in situ DM disappearance were measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics were described using the equation y = a+b ($1-e^{-ct}$). At all incubation times leaves from Quercus branti incubated with or without PEG gave significantly higher gas production than the other oak leaves except for 3 and 6 h incubation when leaves from Quercus branti without PEG supplementation only gave higher gas production than Quercus cercis and Quercus coccifera. At all incubation times except at 3, 6 and 12 h the DM disappearance from Quercus branti was significantly higher than the other species. Generally, PEG supplementation considerably increased the gas production at all incubation times and estimated parameters such as gas production rate ($c_{gas}$), gas production (ml) from the quickly soluble fraction ($a_{gas}$), gas production (b) from the insoluble fraction, potential gas production (a+b). However, all oak leaves did not give the same response to the PEG supplementation. Although the increase in gas production at 96 h incubation time was 8.9 ml for Quercus libari the increase was 5.5 ml for Quercus coccifera. It was concluded that except at early incubation times the relationships between the two methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters obtained in the presence or absence of PEG.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.324-329
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• 1993

콩의 생식생장기인 착협시(R3)에 상부 40%와 하부 60%로 구분하여 엽제거와 협제거 처리에 의한 엽수와 엽건물중, 종실부와 종실건물중, 그리고 협과 경건물중에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1992년 고려대학교 자연자원대학 적소실험농장에 황금콩을 공시하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상엽하협제거처리로 식물체 하부의 엽수와 엽건물중이 증가되었다. 2. 종실부와 종실건물중은 상엽하협제거로 감소되었다. 3. 상엽하협제거는 하부의 경건물중을 증가시켰으나 상부의 협건물종은 감소시켰다. 4. 상엽하협제거에서 엽/종실 비율은 3.53로 가장 높았고 수수지수는 27%로 가장 낮았다. 5. 하엽상협제거는 상엽하협제거보다 동화\ulcorner질의 전류량이 많았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.777-783
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• 2004

Samples of 13 species of forest tree leaves fed to livestock in the semi-hilly arid zone of Punjab State in India were collected at 30 d interval for 12 months, in order to assess their nutritional worth for livestock. The ground samples were pooled for 4 different seasons viz. dry hot, hot humid, fall and winter. The chemical composition irrespective of the season revealed that CP content varied between 8.9 (Carrisa) to 22.0% (Leucaena). Globulin was the major protein fraction in most of the leaves. The lowest concentration of cell wall constituents was observed in Morus alba and Grewea. The leaves in general became fiberous and lignified during winter and fall as compared to summer season. The leaves of Grewea, Morus alba, Leucaena, Carrisa and Acacia were rich in Ca, P and most of the trace elements. The total phenolics ranged between 1.88% (Azardirachta) to 15.82% (Acacia). The leaves of Acacia had the highest concentration of hydrolysable tannins (14.6%) whereas that of Carrisa had that of condensed tannins (5.9%). The condensed tannins (more than 3%) were negatively correlated to the digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP). The digestion kinetic parameters for DM, NDF and CP revealed that leaves of Morus alba, Zizyphus and Ehretia had highest insoluble but potentially degradable fraction. The minimum rumen fill values also revealed that leaves of Grewea, Azardirachta, Morus, Ehretia and Leucaena had great potential for voluntary DM intake. The leaves of Ougeinia, Malha, Dodenia and Carrisa had significantly higher rumen fill value indicating poor potential for voluntary DM intake. Season did not have any significant impact on digestion kinetic parameters except that most of the leaves had low potentially degradable fraction, which was degraded at slow rate during winter. It was concluded that the leaves of Morus, Ehretia, Grewea and Leucaena had great potential as livestock feed, while feeding of Ougeinia, Malha and Dodonea leaves should be avoided.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1987

This study was been conducted to determine chemical characteristics of soils in the major districts cultivating flue-cured tobacco plant. Also native soil productivities were measured by means of bioassay planting tobacco plant without fertilizer at 87 selected lolls through pot and field experiments. Inorganic nutrient in soils affecting the dry weight of tobacco leaves cultivated in the field were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Among soil chemical characteristics, pH, $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N , $P_2O_5$, and Mg Influenced significantly the dry weight of tobacco loaves In pot experiment, whole In the field experiments, pH, $NO_3$-N, $NO_3$-N+$NH_4$-N, and Ca had influence. 2. Correlation coefficients between soil chemical characteristics and dry weight of tobacco leaves were higher in pot experiment than field. The results revealed that soil morphological characteristics might more close influence on dry weight of tobacco leaves than chemical characteristics. 3. For prediction of dry weight (Productivity) of tobacco leaves without fertilizer multiple regression analysis were introduced using troll chemical characteristics. A combination of pH, $NO_3$-N, and Ca was very reliable for prediction of productivity as equation. y=5.02+18.07$x_1$ +2.61$x_2$ +5.36$x_3$ R=0.444** Where $x_1$ : pH, $x_2$ : $NO_3$-N, $x_3$:Ca

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the sexual reproduction and the resource allocation in a natural Polygonatum humile population grown in a temperate mixed forest gap. For this aim, the plant size, the node which flower was formed, the fruiting rate, and the dry weight of each organ were monitored from June 2014 to August 2015. Results: Firstly, in 3-13-leaf plants, plants with leaves ${\leq}8$ did not have flowers and in plants with over 9 leaves the flowering rate increased with the number of leaves. Among plants with the same number of leaves, the total leaf area and dry weight of flowering plants were larger than those of non-flowering plants. The minimum leaf area and dry weight of flowering plants were $100cm^2$ and 200 mg, respectively. Secondary, the flowers were formed at the 3rd~8th nodes, and the flowering rate was highest at the 5th node. Thirdly, cumulative values of leaf properties from the last leaf (the top leaf on a stem) to the same leaf rank were greater in a plant with a reproductive organ than in a plant without a reproductive organ. Fourthly, fruit set was 6.1% and faithful fruit was 2.6% of total flowers. Biomasses of new rhizomes produced per milligram dry weight of leaf were $0.397{\pm}190mg$ in plants that set fruit and $0.520{\pm}0.263mg$ in plants that did not, and the difference between the 2 plant groups was significant at the 0.1% level. Conclusions: P. humile showed that the 1st flower formed on the 3rd node from the shoot's base. And P. humile showed the minimum plant size needed in fruiting, and fruiting restricted the growth of new rhizomes. However, the fruiting rate was very low. Thus, it was thought that the low fruiting rate caused more energy to invest in the rhizomes, leading to a longer rhizome. A longer rhizome was thought to be more advantageous than a short one to avoid the shading.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the dyeing method with dry leaves of indigo plant. Coloring matter was extracted from dry leaves of indigo plant with hot sodium hydroxide solution. The extract was reduced with sodium dithionite, and it was used for dyeing cotton fabrics under various conditions. UV-visible absorption spectra of extract, reduction rate of extracts by reducing agent, and the surface color of dyed cotton, lightfastness were examined. For the initial 20 minutes, the absorbance of indigo solution rapidly decreased. However, several hours later, the decreasing rate retarded. By repeating the dyeing process, the shade looked deeper and deeper. At $30-40^{\circ}C$, the value of K/S reached the highest point. The concentration of indigo solution in dye bath seemed to playa critical role for the reaction of the reducing agent. It was observed that the surface color of cotton fabrics was getting bluish and its degree of value and chroma seemed slightly decreased as the K/S value was increasing. The lightfastness was clearly enhanced by increasing the K/S value.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2001

남부지방에 적합한 품종의 효율적인 선발을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 9품종을 공시하여 생육 및 수량조사, 유전분산, 환경 분산, 유전력, 상관을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 다수성이며 꽃대발생수가 적어서 품질이 우수한 Sunwol 택사 품종이 남부지방에 가장 적합한 품종으로 나타났었다. 2. Sunwol 품종의 모든 형질에 대한 유전력은 대부분의 형질에서 높았다. 3.형질 상호간의 상관에서 건근 수량은 초장, 엽수와는 정의상관으로 유의성이 높았고 꽃대 발생수, 묘상의 초장, 묘상의 엽수와는 부의상관으로 나타났다. 4. 건근 수량과 상관이 높았던 형질들은 유전력 추정에서도 높게 나타났다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 1987

신품종 포플러류의 식재(10,000본/ha) 당년생일 때 직경, 수고, 재적$(D^2H)$등 몇가지 조사특성에 의한 biomass 생산량과 생산량 추정식을 유도한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 현사시의 평균 건물 생산량은 줄기 2.86, 가지 0.41, 잎 0.70, 전체가 3.97t/ha이었으며 건중량 대 생중량의 비는 줄기 0.47, 가지 0.36, 잎 0.31, 전체가 0.41로 나타났다. 양황철나무의 경우 평균 건물생산량은 줄기 1.48, 가지 0.54, 잎 0.71, 전체가 2.73t/ha이었으며 건중량 대 생중량의 비는 줄기 0.42, 가지 0.37, 잎 0.28, 전체가 0.36이었다. 2. Biomass 생산량(건중량 및 생산량) 추정은 현사시의 경우 직경만으로 비교적 정확히 추정할 수 있었지만 양황철나무의 경우 직경 식재 당년생에서는 어느 특성으로도 추정이 어려울 것으로 생각된다. 3. Biomass 생산량(건중량) 분포비율은 현사시의 경우 줄기, 가지, 잎이 각각 73, 10, 17$\%$로 나타났으며 양황철나무는 줄기, 가지, 잎이 각각 54, 20, 26$\%$로 나타나 줄기 건중량에 의한 가지, 잎, 전체 건중량을 추정할 수 있었다.