• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.537-541
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 전력연구원으로부터 공급받은 건식 흡수제인 sorbA를 이용하여 기포 유동층 반응기에서 $CO_2$ 흡수반응 특성을 살펴보았다. sorbA는 $CO_2$ 흡수를 위한 탄산나트륨과 내마모성과 기계적 강도를 위한 지지체로 구성되어 있다. $CO_2$ 흡수는 $50-70^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서, 재생은 $120-300^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서 이루어졌다. 반응시작 전 sorbA에 일정량의 물을 미리 함유하게 한 경우, $50^{\circ}C$에서 반응 초기 1-2분 동안 100％의 $CO_2$ 제거율을 보였다. 고온에서 재생되는 경우 반복 실험으로 인한 흡수제의 반응성과 제거 용량의 저하는 없었다. NMR 스펙트럼을 통해서 흡수반응과 재생반응 후 시료의 성분을 파악하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 두 개의 유동층 반응기를 가진 연속장치의 설계와 운전에 중요한 기초자료가 될 것이다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

$K_2CO_3$-based dry regenerable sorbents were prepared by spray-drying techniques to improve mass produced $K_2CO_3-Al_2O_3$ sorbents (KEP-CO2P, hereafter), and then tested for their $CO_2$ sorption capacity by a $2,000Nm^3/h$ (0.5 MWe) $CO_2$ capture pilot plant built for Unit 3 of the Hadong thermal power station in 2010. Each of the sample sorbents contained 35 wt.% $K_2CO_3$ as the active materials with various support materials such as $TiO_2$, MgO, Zeolite 13X, $Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2$ and hydrotalcite (HTC). Their physical properties and reactivity were tested to evaluate their applicability to a fluidized-bed or fast transport-bed $CO_2$ capture process. The $CO_2$ sorption capacity and percentage utilization of $K_2CO_3$-MgO based sorbent, Sorb-KM2, was $8.6g-CO_2/100g$-sorbents and 90%, respectively, along with good mechanical strength for fluidized-bed application. Sorbs-KM2 and KT were almost completely regenerated at $140^{\circ}C$. No degradation of Sorb-KM by $SO_2$ added as a pollutant in flue gas was observed during a cycle test.

• 동굴
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• 제7호
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• pp.37-39
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• 1998

The Bullock Creek Caves are located adjacent to the usually dry river bed of Bullock Creek, which reaches the sea about a kilometer north of Punakaiki. The caves have been comprehensively written up by Rodgers(l972). Under conditions of normal water flow Bullock Creek submerges where the stream meets limestone on the west side of thier Punakaiki syncline. In flood conditions it overflows the first submergence and progressively floods a series of smaller submergences down valley until it comes to the caves shown on the map. All these with the exception of Wazpretti Cave and Dry Valley Cave are probably more or less flooded during and after heavy rain.(omitted)

• 동굴
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• 제8호
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• pp.19-42
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• 1998

The Bullock Creek Caves are located adjacent to the usually dry river bed of Bullock Creek, which reaches the sea about a kilometer north of Punakaiki. The caves have been comprehensively written up by Rodgers(972). Under conditions of normal water flow Bullock Creek submerges where the stream meets limestone on the west side of their Punakaiki syncline. In flood conditions it overflows the first submergence and progressively floods a series of smaller submergences down valley until it comes to the caves shown on the map. All these with the exception of Wazpretti Cave and Dry Valley Cave are probably more or less flooded during and after heavy rain.(omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1970

The rice variety, Kwanok, was reared in the water, land and salt seed beds and transplanted to the reclaimed soil area having an average of 0.48% salt content (0.67% at the end of April). The plant height of land bel seedlings at transplanting stage was short but the dry-weight/plant-height ratio was large and the rooting ability was vigorous remarkably after transplantation in the salty area. The central cylinder, vessels, sclerenchyma, endodermis and other mechanical tissues of the root of land bed seedlings were well developed while the size of cortical cell layers were small. The cytoplasm of the cortical parenchyma at the root tips seemed to be most abundant in the land bed seedlings. The formation of the aerial cavity in the cortex of primary root was rapid and it seemed that the developmental mechanism of the aerial cavity in the rice plant roots was related to the development of the lateral roots.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 1993

A mathematical model for organic removal efficiency was investigated in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor by changing the feed flow rate, the residence time and the recycle flow rate. In batch experiment, organic removal could be assumed as first order and an intrinsic first order rate constant(k1) was found $6.4{\times}^{-6}cm^3/mg{\cdot}sec$ at influent COD range of 3040 - 6620 mg/L. In continuous experiment, at the condition of the influent COD, 3040 mg/L, the superficial upflow velocity, 0.47 cm/sec, the biofilm thickness 336 ${\mu}m$ and the biofilm dry density 0.091 g/mL, the calculated COD removal efficiency from the mathematical model gave 60% which was very close to the observed value of 66 %. As the feed flow rate was increased, the COD removal efficiency was sharply decreased and at constant feed flow rate, the COD removal efficiency was decreased also as the residence time being decreased.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1995

Stability of reactor and effect on biofilm characteristics were investigated by varying the hydraulic residence time in an inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor(IFBBR). The SCOD removal efficiency was maintained above 90 % in the HRT range of 12hr to 2hr, but the TCOD removal efficiency was dropped down to 50% because of biomass detachment from overgrown bioparticles. The reactor was stably operated up to the conditions of HRT of 2hr and F/M ratio of 4.5kgCOD/$m^3$/day, but above the range there was an abrupt increase of filamentous microorganisms. The optimum biofilm thickness and the biofilm dry density in this experiment were shown as $200\mu\textrm{m}$ and $0.08 g/cm^3$, respectively. The substrate removal rate of this system was found as 1st order because the biofilm was maintained slightly thin by the increased hydraulic loading rate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to examine the transient response to hydraulic shocks in an Inverse fluidized bed bioflm reactor(IFBBR) for the treatment of apartment sewage. The hydraulic shock experiments, when the system were reached at steady state with each HRT 12, 7, and 4hr, were conducted by chancing twice HRT per day during 3days. The SCOD, SS, DO, and pH of the effluent stream were increased with hydraulic shock, but easily recovered to the steady state of pre-hydraulic shock condition. In spite of hydraulic shock, there were not much variation of biomass concentration, biofilm thickness and biofilm dry density.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2002

세포의 다당류 xanthan을 생산하기 위하여 호기성 박테리아 X. campestris를 9 L 삼상유동층 생물반응기에서 연속적으로 배양하였다. 고점도 배양액에서 공기 기포를 분쇄하기 위하여 직경 8 mm 유리 유동입자를 사용하였다. 반응기 희석률을 증가시킴에 따라 세포 단위질량 당 xanthan 생성속도 및 생성된 xanthan의 분자량은 증가하였다. 산소공급제한이 발생하지 않을 경우 연속발효에서의 xanthan 비생성속도는 회분식 발효에서 제안된 상관식의 예측결과 보다 상당히 높은 값을 보였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2018

이 연구에서는 건조 모르타르에 사용되는 천연 골재의 대체재로 CFBC 인공 잔골재의 활용가능여부를 확인하고자 건조 모르타르의 플로우와 압축강도를 포함한 기본적인 성능시험과 건조모르타르에서 제품의 품질을 규정하는 데 중요한 성능인 건조수축 성능을 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 천연 골재만 사용한 시험체, 천연 골재에 개질 CaO 팽창재를 혼입한 시험체, CFBC 인공잔골재에 개질 CaO 팽창재를 혼입한 시험체, 마지막으로 CFBC 인공 잔골재만 사용한 시험체를 4종을 제작하여 각 시험체별 길이변화량을 측정하였다. 건조수축 성능 평가결과 재령 20일 기준 천연 규사에 개질 CaO 팽창재를 사용한 시험체의 건조수축 성능이 변형률 $250{\times}10^{-6}$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편, CFBC 인공 잔골재에 개질 CaO 팽창재를 혼입한 시험체는 수축량이 $410{\times}10^{-6}$을 나타내었으며 천연 잔골재를 사용한 건조 모르타르의 건조 수축량은 $450{\times}10^{-6}$으로 개질 CaO 팽창재를 활용할 경우에는 천연 골재를 사용한 건조 모르타르의 건조수축 성능과 동등 이상의 성능을 발휘하였다.