• 대기
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.311-326
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• 2021

To improve the predictability of high-impact weather phenomena around Seoul, where a larger number of people are densely populated, KMA conducted the intensive observation from 22 June to 20 September in 2020 over the Seoul area. During the intensive observation period (IOP), the dropsonde from NIMS Atmospheric Research Aircraft (NARA) and the radiosonde from KMA research vessel Gisang1 were observed in the Yellow Sea, while, in the land, the radiosonde observation data were collected from Icheon and Incheon. Therefore, in this study, the effects of radiosonde and dropsonde data during the IOP were investigated by Observing System Experiment (OSE) based on Korean Integrated Model (KIM). We conducted two experiments: CTL assimilated the operational fifteen kinds of observations, and EXP assimilated not only operational observation data but also intensive observation data. Verifications over the Korean Peninsula area of two experiments were performed against analysis and observation data. The results showed that the predictability of short-range forecast (1~2 day) was improved for geopotential height at middle level and temperature at lower level. In three precipitation cases, EXP improved the distribution of precipitation against CTL. In typhoon cases, the predictability of EXP for typhoon track was better than CTL, although both experiments simulated weaker intensity as compared with the observed data.

• 대기
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2020

The aircraft observation campaign was performed to investigate thermodynamic conditions of snowfall cloud over the East Sea of Korean peninsula from 2 February to 16 March 2018. During this period, four snowfall events occurred in the Yeongdong region and three cases were analyzed using dropsonde data. Snowfall cases were associated with the passage of southern low-pressure (maritime warm air mass) and expansion of northern high-pressure (continental polar air mass). Case 1 and Case 2a were related to low-pressure systems, and Case 2b and Case 3 were connected with high-pressure systems, respectively. And their thermodynamic properties and horizontal distribution of snowfall cloud were differed according to the influence of the synoptic condition. In Case 1 and Case 2a, atmospheric layers between sea surface and 350 hPa contained moisture more than 15 mm of TPW with multiple inversion layers detected by dropsonde data, while the vertical atmosphere of Case 2b and Case 3 were dry as TPW 5 mm or less with a single inversion inversion layer around 750~850 hPa. However, the vertical distributions of equivalent potential temperature (θ_e) were similar as moist-adiabatically neutral condition regardless of the case. But, their values below 900 hPa were about 10 K higher in Case 1 and Case 2a (285~290 K) than in Case 2b and Case 3 (275~280 K). The difference in these values is related to the characteristics of the incoming air mass and the location of the snowfall cloud.

• 대기
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2021

Yeongdong has frequently suffered from severe snowstorms, which generally give rise to societal and economic damages to the region in winter. In order to understand its mechanism, there has been a long-term measurement campaign, based on the rawinsonde measurements for every snowfall event at Gangneung since 2014. The previous observations showed that a typical heavy snowfall is generally accompanied with northerly or northeasterly flow below the snow clouds, generated by cold air outbreak over the relatively warmer East Sea. An intensive and multi-institutional measurement campaign has been launched in 2019 mainly in collaboration with Gangwon Regional Office of Meteorology and National Institute of Meteorological Studies of Korean Meteorological Administration, with a special emphasis on winter snowfall and spring windstorm altogether. The experiment spanned largely from February to April with comprehensive measurements of frequent rawinsonde measurements at a super site (Gangneung) with continuous remote sensings of wind profiler, microwave radiometers and weather radar etc. Additional measurements were added to the campaign, such as aircraft dropsonde measurements and shipboard rawinsonde soundings. One of the fruitful outcomes is, so far, to identify a couple of cold air damming occurrences, featuring lowest temperature below 1 km, which hamper the convergence zone and snow clouds from penetrating inland, and eventually make it harder to forecast snowfall in terms of its location and timing. This kind of comprehensive observation campaign with continuous remote sensings and intensive additional measurement platforms should be conducted to understand various orographic precipitation in the complex terrain like Yeongdong.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2022

국내에서 처음으로 도입한 기상 항공기에 탑재한 G-band 수증기 라디오미터(GVR) 관측으로 산출된 가강수량의 품질 관리 방법을 제안하였다. GVR 빔의 연직 최단 경로 자료만 사용하기 위해 기상 항공기의 자세 정보(pitch와 roll 각도)를 활용하였고, GVR 가강수량이 20 mm 이상의 자료를 제거하는 방법을 품질 관리에 적용하였다. GVR 가강수량이 20 mm 이상으로 증가할 때, 웜로드(Warm load) 평균 전력과 스카이로드(Sky load) 평균 전력의 차이가 0에 가까이 수렴하는 특성을 확인하였고, 이는 COMS (Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite)의 운형, 운정고도, 운량자료와 구름통합관측기기(CCP), 강수입자 측정기(PIP)로 측정된 강수 및 구름 입자 크기로 확인한 하층운과 중층운에 의한 높은 밝기온도 때문으로 판단된다. 구름 많은 날의 품질 관리 적용 전후의 GVR 가강수량을 LDAPS (Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System) 가강수량과 정량적으로 비교하였는데 RMSD (Root Mean Square Difference)는 2.9 mm에서 1.8 mm로 감소하였고, KLAPS (Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System)와의 RMSD는 5.4 mm에서 4.3 mm로 감소하여 향상된 정확도를 보였다. 또한 품질 관리를 적용한 GVR 가강수량과 드롭존데 가강수량 관측 자료을 활용하여 COMS 가강수량과도 정량적으로 비교평가함으로써 본 연구에서 제안한 GVR 가강수량의 품질 관리 방법의 유효성을 확인하였다.