• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2012

Recently, interest in emotional technology has escalated and its application has extended to many fields, from both an industrial (product) and service (culture, tourism, medical, education, advertising) perspective. Moreover, culture has become a fundamental aspect of modern industry, playing key roles in: gaming, exhibitions, performances, sports, tourism, design, edutainment, as well as various content distribution industries. The prospect of applying emotional technology for cultural content industries makes up for more than half of the 'plan-manufacture-distribution-marketing' process, and thereby also serves as driving force for the growth of a nation. The primary objective of the following research is analyze successful cases from the past through utilization of emotional technology, and to speculate on efficient directions for future research into developing emotional contents. To achieve this, some of the key terms have been defined and elaborated for the sake of clarity. The terms are as follows: emotion, emotion engineering, science of emotion, emotional technology, and emotional contents. Furthermore, studies were conducted based on the six different fields surrounding CT R&D to observe how projects involving emotional technology have succeeded both on a national and global scale. Based on this analysis, this research aims to develop personalized 'Concierge' service-providing contents, contents designed to maximize performance ability of humans, and contents that could be controlled simply via emotion to effectively spread the culture of Korea by focussing on 'fusion' content development. The following research data may hopefully serve as a basic reference to industries navigating towards emotional content development.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

As the Great Reset is discussed at the World Economic Forum due to the COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence, the driving force of the 4th industrial revolution, is also in the spotlight. However, corporate research in the field of artificial intelligence is still scarce. Since 2000, related research has focused on how to create value by applying artificial intelligence to existing companies, and research on how startups seize opportunities and enter among existing businesses to create new value can hardly be found. Therefore, this study analyzed the cases of startups using the comprehensive framework of the multi-level perspective with the research question of how artificial intelligence based startups, a sub-industry of software, have different innovation patterns from the existing software industry. The target firms are gazelle firms that have been certified as venture firms in South Korea, as start-ups within 7 years of age, specializing in machine learning modeling purposively sampled in the medical, finance, marketing/advertising, e-commerce, and manufacturing fields. As a result of the analysis, existing software companies have achieved process innovation from an enterprise-wide integration perspective, in contrast machine learning technology based startups identified unit processes that were difficult to automate or create value by dismantling existing processes, and automate and optimize those processes based on data. The contribution of this study is to analyse the birth of artificial intelligence-based startups and their innovation patterns while validating the framework of an integrated multi-level perspective. In addition, since innovation is driven based on data, the ability to respond to data-related regulations is emphasized even for start-ups, and the government needs to eliminate the uncertainty in related systems to create a predictable and flexible business environment.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.91-102
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• 2019

In autonomous driving systems, the ability to classify pedestrians in images captured by cameras is very important for pedestrian safety. In the past, after extracting features of pedestrians with HOG(Histogram of Oriented Gradients) or SIFT(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), people classified them using SVM(Support Vector Machine). However, extracting pedestrian characteristics in such a handcrafted manner has many limitations. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to classify pedestrians reliably and effectively using CNN's(Convolutional Neural Network) deep features and transfer learning. We have experimented with both the fixed feature extractor and the fine-tuning methods, which are two representative transfer learning techniques. Particularly, in the fine-tuning method, we have added a new scheme, called M-Fine(Modified Fine-tuning), which divideslayers into transferred parts and non-transferred parts in three different sizes, and adjusts weights only for layers belonging to non-transferred parts. Experiments on INRIA Person data set with five CNN models(VGGNet, DenseNet, Inception V3, Xception, and MobileNet) showed that CNN's deep features perform better than handcrafted features such as HOG and SIFT, and that the accuracy of Xception (threshold = 0.5) isthe highest at 99.61%. MobileNet, which achieved similar performance to Xception and learned 80% fewer parameters, was the best in terms of efficiency. Among the three transfer learning schemes tested above, the performance of the fine-tuning method was the best. The performance of the M-Fine method was comparable to or slightly lower than that of the fine-tuningmethod, but higher than that of the fixed feature extractor method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.70-83
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• 2021

The issue of predicting the relationship between humans and AI robots is a 'strong AI' problem. Many experts predict the tragic ending which is a strong AI with superior thinking ability than humans will conquer humans. Due to the expectations of AI robots are projected onto media, the 'morally good AI' that meets human expectations is an important issue. However, the demand for good AI and the realization of perfect technology is not limited to machines. Rather, it appears as a result of putting all responsibility on humans, driving humans into immoral beings and turning them into human and human problems, which is resulting in more alienation and discrimination. As such, the result of technology interacts with the human being used and its properties are determined and developed according to the reaction. This again affects humans. Therefore, AI technology that considers human emotions in consideration of interaction is also important. Therefore, this study will clarify the process that the demand for 'Good AI' in the relationship of AI to humans with Randall Collins' Interaction Ritual Chain. Emotional energy in Interaction Ritual Chain has explained the formation of human bonds. Also, the methodology is a type of thinking experiment and explained through Janet and surrounding characters in the TV show .

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.132-142
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to interpret the MCU's universal worldview from the perspective of geometry and to storytell narrative elements with mathematical imagination. For storytelling, data from the Phase 3 series aired from 2016 to 2019 was used. The Phase 3 series stimulates the imagination of the public with the sense of reality shown in the narrative and images based on geometrical theory and various predictions about future technology. Imagination is the driving force for diverse and original thinking about the unexperienced, and the ability to find order in chaos and create new perceptions of matter. The power of imagination is very necessary not only in artistic activities, but also in the scientific field where logic and rationality are important. Bachelard's imagination aims for art, the primitive realm of human beings, and contains sincerity and passion for the wonders of nature and all things. By exploring the MCU's worldview and superhero narrative through geometrical logic and imagination-driven imagery, you can understand the cosmic messages and laws in the film. From a convergence point of view of art and science, various and original techniques based on mathematics and scientific imagination used in MCU video production will help to improve the quality of video analysis.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.117-132
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors that affect road users' acceptance of fully autonomous vehicles (level 4 or higher). A survey was done with drivers of general cars and pedestrians who share roads with fully autonomous vehicles. Five acceptability factors were selected: trust towards technology, compatibility, policy, perceived safety, and perceived usefulness. The effect on behavioral intention was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The perceived safety and trust towards technology were found to be very important in the acceptance of fully autonomous vehicles, regardless of the respondent, and policy was not influential. Compatibility and perceived usefulness were particularly influential factors for drivers. In order to improve the acceptance by road users, securing technical completeness of fully autonomous vehicles is important. Certification and evaluation of the safe driving ability of fully autonomous vehicles should be thoroughly performed, and based on the results, it is necessary to improve the perception by road users. It is necessary to positively recognize fully autonomous vehicles through education and publicity for road users and to support their smooth interaction.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2002

The present study explored the major behavior patterns of drivers and the environmental settings having an effect on traffic accident using the data collected from drivers and traffic police. Drivers and traffic police read questionnaire which contain the passible causes of traffic accident and selected the major causes on the basis of their latest accidents. Unexperienced drivers were forced to answer the questionnaire by referring to their friends and neighborhoods. The results showed that the major causes of traffic accident were connected with the driver's factors. The most important cause of traffic accidents was inattention/incautiousness. The next were lack of competence, skill, and experience. One interesting fact was that drivers and traffic police attributed differently. Drivers pointed out the lack of ability coping with an emergency and the insufficient skill of defensive driving as causes of the traffic accident. On the other hand, traffic polices indicated the intentional violations such as the disregard for traffic rules, trespassing on the central line of the roadway, speed limit violation, and breaking into the vehicle's line. The implications for appling the this results to driver education institutions were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.307-319
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• 1998

This study is an empirical investigation and study on the measurement of nursing service quality as perceived by patients. A series of H1. H2. H3 alternative hypotheses were tested using a sample of 250 patients in Taegu City. Korea. HI hypothese were tested for application of five component of service quality (SERVQlTAL and SE RPERF : tangiblity. reliability. responsiveness. accessibility. understandability) in Taegu area Hospitals. Validity test - the five components of service quality were rearranged into two components of service quality (personal factor. nonpersonal factor). Although SERVQUAL was verified in USA. application for five components of service quality in Korea indicated that it need more analytical studies. Nobody can deny the fact that the recent growth of the nursing service quality is one of the most important driving forces of hospital management. In many hospitals. the nursing quality charges more than 50% of the medical service quality. As a result. many hospital managers should be enormous interests in the investment potentiality of the nursing service. However. doesn't many researchers invest their time and effort on the research of the quality control in nursing service. Nursing service management is the process to satisfy customer's desires and expectations through the various service activities. Presently nursing service are being faced with three Common tasks of improving quality of nursing service. competitively differential advantage and productivity because of quantitative expansion of Nursing service. Such a phenomenon is also found in our medical service industry. resulting from increasing demands for medical service owing to national medical insurance policy and consumer's attitude change emphasizing prevention of illness. excessiveness of medical facilities in large cities and increasing medical lawsuits due to influence of consumerism. Therefore. under such circumstances. this research on nursing service is conducted from nursing managements to improve the nursing service quality problems faced by medical institutions. The results of this theoretical/empirical research are as follows: 1. Nursing service Quality is regarded as patients' perceived quality and evaluated on the basis (5 dimension) of technical and functional quality. 2. Nursing service Quality is a concept of patients evaluation on the measurable multi-dimensions intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of service. 3. Nursing service Quality is conceptually defined as the difference between the perceived service and the expected service. 4. Korean consumers trend to evaluate nursing service quality based on such dimensions as responsiveness and reliability. understandability. accessibility. tangibility. 5. After analyzing whether or not there are some differences in respective medical institution. it was found that there are significant difference on understandability. reliability. communicability. courtesy. competence. 6. After analyzing the difference between the expected nursing service and the nursing perceived service, it was found that the expected nursing service is higher than the perceived service in every medical institution. 7. HI hypothesis was tested with regard to the validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF in nursing service quality. The result of validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF was found to have differential result. That is the R2 of SERVPERF is higher than that of SERVQUAL. Therefore. HI was verified in nursing management. H2. H3 hypotheses were tested whether or not the nursing service quality and patient satisfaction is the preceding variable. The result of H2 hypothes is that the nursing service quality is the preceding variable of patient satisfaction and the patient satisfaction is that of revisiting intention. After analyzing whether or not there is any differences on the demographic variable of five nursing service quality factor. it was found that there are statistically significant differences on communicability and courtesy at the sex. understand ability. accessibility and tangibility at the age. understandability at the academic background respectively.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.24_2
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• pp.85-115
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• 2015

The Reordering of the Universe(天地公事) pursuing the Latter world(後天)'s ideal world while denying the Former world(先天) is composed of enormous rituals. The Dosu(度數) is formed through these rituals and the world is transformed according to the Dosu. The people who follow the Sangje(上帝), the subject of this universe reordering and also participate in the Reordering of the Universe are called as the followers. The follower group can be said as a ritual group in the aspect that they participate in the ritual for the Reordering of the Universe. They not only observed the rituals but also actively participated in them, so took certain roles in forming the Dosu. That is, they performed certain, given roles in developing the rituals, or actively proposed their ideas under the Sangje's leadership, and participated in the process realizing the Dosu. Therefore it can be said that they were a group initiatively participating in the process overcoming the Former world's Sangguk(相克) world, and making the latter world's ideal world. It seemed that the followers at that time might have gone through a certain entrance ritual process in order to join in such a follower group. The 『Jeon-Gyeong』 recorded the entrance rituals of a man called as Cha Gyeong Seok among tremendous followers relatively in detail. According to the 『Jeon-Gyeong』, he first had to get a unique test in the entrance process, and the test was proceeded in several stages: the wisdom test reflecting the Sangje's unusual intelligence, the patience test to endure physical, psychological pains for the great ethic, and the test to evaluate the testee's ability to give up past oneself and to follow the Sangje with a new body & mind. In the process separating himself from the past his appearance, Gyeong-Seok, the candidate to enter, faced a liminal situation, and then performed the incorporation rite. In this process, the purification rite going him out of the past relationship of benefits & grudges was performed, and he was given the regulations to comply as a member of the follower group. Through such serial processes, his entrance in the follower group was allowed. What requested to the candidate in this entrance process was the severance from one's past. For that, the candidate was needed to go out of his past life habits, to free from the relationship of benefits and grudges, and to sever him from his past faults. Such severance was the precondition for him to go out of the Former world's negative reality and to break from the Sanggeuk habits. Another thing requesting to the candidate as well as the severance from his past was to establish a new ideal. The new ideal should be matched with the ideal of the Reordering of the Universe whose main ideology was the Haewon-Sangsaeng(解冤相生). Such ideal can be said as the driving force to proceed toward the new ideal world of Latter World. And the candidate was requested to purify his mind and to participate in the Universe Fair Judgement (天地公庭). That can be said as an important condition for the new member directly to participate in the ritual of the Reordering of the Universe dramatically transforming the world. Finally, the candidate was given the regulations for his ascetic practice(修道) as well as his participation in the Reordering, and was requested to comply them. After becoming a member of this follower group, one had to practice his asceticism through the compliance with such regulations and the training of mantras(呪文) in order to accomplish the goal called as Dotong(道通). By fulfilling these requirements, the newly entered member could have the qualification to perform a certain role in the ritual of the Reordering of the Universe, and could accomplish his religious ideal.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.69-94
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• 2017

Recently, increase of demand for big data analysis has been driving the vigorous development of related technologies and tools. In addition, development of IT and increased penetration rate of smart devices are producing a large amount of data. According to this phenomenon, data analysis technology is rapidly becoming popular. Also, attempts to acquire insights through data analysis have been continuously increasing. It means that the big data analysis will be more important in various industries for the foreseeable future. Big data analysis is generally performed by a small number of experts and delivered to each demander of analysis. However, increase of interest about big data analysis arouses activation of computer programming education and development of many programs for data analysis. Accordingly, the entry barriers of big data analysis are gradually lowering and data analysis technology being spread out. As the result, big data analysis is expected to be performed by demanders of analysis themselves. Along with this, interest about various unstructured data is continually increasing. Especially, a lot of attention is focused on using text data. Emergence of new platforms and techniques using the web bring about mass production of text data and active attempt to analyze text data. Furthermore, result of text analysis has been utilized in various fields. Text mining is a concept that embraces various theories and techniques for text analysis. Many text mining techniques are utilized in this field for various research purposes, topic modeling is one of the most widely used and studied. Topic modeling is a technique that extracts the major issues from a lot of documents, identifies the documents that correspond to each issue and provides identified documents as a cluster. It is evaluated as a very useful technique in that reflect the semantic elements of the document. Traditional topic modeling is based on the distribution of key terms across the entire document. Thus, it is essential to analyze the entire document at once to identify topic of each document. This condition causes a long time in analysis process when topic modeling is applied to a lot of documents. In addition, it has a scalability problem that is an exponential increase in the processing time with the increase of analysis objects. This problem is particularly noticeable when the documents are distributed across multiple systems or regions. To overcome these problems, divide and conquer approach can be applied to topic modeling. It means dividing a large number of documents into sub-units and deriving topics through repetition of topic modeling to each unit. This method can be used for topic modeling on a large number of documents with limited system resources, and can improve processing speed of topic modeling. It also can significantly reduce analysis time and cost through ability to analyze documents in each location or place without combining analysis object documents. However, despite many advantages, this method has two major problems. First, the relationship between local topics derived from each unit and global topics derived from entire document is unclear. It means that in each document, local topics can be identified, but global topics cannot be identified. Second, a method for measuring the accuracy of the proposed methodology should be established. That is to say, assuming that global topic is ideal answer, the difference in a local topic on a global topic needs to be measured. By those difficulties, the study in this method is not performed sufficiently, compare with other studies dealing with topic modeling. In this paper, we propose a topic modeling approach to solve the above two problems. First of all, we divide the entire document cluster(Global set) into sub-clusters(Local set), and generate the reduced entire document cluster(RGS, Reduced global set) that consist of delegated documents extracted from each local set. We try to solve the first problem by mapping RGS topics and local topics. Along with this, we verify the accuracy of the proposed methodology by detecting documents, whether to be discerned as the same topic at result of global and local set. Using 24,000 news articles, we conduct experiments to evaluate practical applicability of the proposed methodology. In addition, through additional experiment, we confirmed that the proposed methodology can provide similar results to the entire topic modeling. We also proposed a reasonable method for comparing the result of both methods.