• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.554-557
• /
• 1999

Hatchery waste including infertile eggs, dead embryos in shell, dead or low grade chicks was cooked at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes and then oven dried and ground. Hatchery waste meal (HWM) thus prepared contained 44.25% protein, 4,573 kcal/kg gross energy, 3,600 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 30% ether extract, 1.9% fibre, 14% ash, 9.8% nitrogen free extract, 7.26% Ca, 0.84%P, 1.86% lysine and 0.66% methionine with no Salmonella and E. coli. In biological evaluation trial, significantly higher weight gain was observed in ration containing 12% HWM compared with that containing similar amount of fish meal. Protein efficiency ratio on the two rations was 3.96 vs 2.85; protein digestibility, 86.02 vs 71.9; net protein utilization, 64.9 vs 42.37 and biological value, 75.37 vs 58.84, respectively, indicating better balance of amino acids in HWM compared with fish meal. Growth performance trial on broiler chicks also revealed better weight gain and feed efficiency on ration containing 12% HWM than that containing similar level of fish meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.1032-1037
• /
• 2009

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of partial replacement of spray-dried porcine protein (SDPP) or fish meal with soybean and shrimp protein hydrolysate (SSPH) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty 21${\pm}$2 d old pigs ((Pietrain${\times}$Duroc)${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Large Yorkshire)) with initial weight of 6.9${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight piglets per replicate. The control diet (T1) contained 2% SDPP and 6% fishmeal, and SDPP for experimental diets T2 and T3 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The fishmeal for experimental diets T4 and T5 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, also on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that weaned piglets fed the diets containing 1% and 2% SSPH as a replacement for SDPP had similar average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain (F/G), diarrhea rate and serum biochemical indices e.g. blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total serum protein (TP), albumin to globulin ratio (A/G), globulin (GLO), serum glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to those fed the control diet during 0-10 d and 0-21 d of the experiment. The substitution of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal appeared to be beneficial for ADG (p = 0.59) and ADFI (p = 0.23) of piglets during the overall period. The digestibility of calcium was higher (p<0.01) in pigs fed diets containing SSPH than on the control diet. Addition of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal could increase the digestibilities of dry matter and energy of the diet. Dietary replacement of fish meal with 1% and 2% SSPH had no effect on the concentrations of BUN, TP, A/G, GLO, GLU, and IgG. In conclusion, dietary SDPP or fish meal could partially replace SSPH without any adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned piglets.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.186-193
• /
• 2002

까나리 액젓 부산물을 이용하고자 단백질 효율이 뛰어난 건조 비지를 혼합하여 압출성형을 하였고, 통계적 모델링과 분석을 통하여 혼합비에 따른 압출성형물의 최적화를 이루었다. 수학적인 모델과 trace plot을 이용하였을 때 건조 비지는 압출성형물의 단백질을 증가시키고, 까나리 액젓 부산물과 상호작용을 일으켜 절단파손강도를 강하게 함을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 압출성형물내에 건조 비지가 증가함에 따라 회분과 염도는 감소하였고, 각각의 성분이 독립적으로 작용한 지방과 색도는 증가시키는 경향을 보였다. 건조 비지를 첨가한 최적의 압출성형물을 결정하기 위해 각 반응의 canonical 계수를 이용하여 수적 최적화를 한 결과 까나리 액젓 부산물 15.83%, 건조 비지 44.17%, 밀가루 40%로 나타났고, 혼합물 성분 모형을 중첩시킨 모형적 최적화에서는 까나리액젓 부산물 15.74%, 건조 비지 44.26%, 밀가루 40%로 나타났다. 최적화된 압출성형물이 제조하여 동물실험을 하였을때 건조 비지를 첨가한 압출성형물이 대조군과 비교하여 낮은 식이효율을 보였으나 단백질 함량의 증가가 식이효율에 주요하게 작용하여 대조군과의 차이를 줄이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.347-351
• /
• 2023

Flying fish Cypselurus agoo roe is a popular food ingredient due to its abundant nutrition, unique texture, and flavor. It contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamins (A, B₁, B₂, B₆, and niacin), making it a highly utilized food ingredient. Additionally, it is widely used as a raw material for food and cooking in several countries. After harvesting, flying fish roe is dried and transported to processing plants, where it performed a re-moisturizing process. However, the conventional re-moisturizing process is time-consuming and results in some loss of quality. Thus, this study investigates the conditions required for the re-moisturization of flying fish roe including the composition of the immersion solution, immersion time, and conditions that could minimize damage to the roe. The results suggest a reasonable composition of immersion solution to minimize damage to flying fish roe and the most appropriate immersion time for re-moisturization. These results may provide valuable insights for the industry to enhance the quality of re-moisturized flying fish roe, leading to an increase in its market value and demand.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 1979

우리나라 연안수산자원의 효율적인 이용방법을 개발할 목적으로 축육과 유사한 가공적성을 가지는 새로운 형태의 어육단백질농축물을 가공하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 백색육어인 명태와 적색육어인 고등어를 원료로 하여 최적가공조건 및 제품의 품질에 관하여 실험하였다. 명태 및 고등어로써 어육단백질농축물을 제조할 때의 최적가공조건은 다음과 같았다. 원료어육의 pH는 7.5, 고기풀제조시의 식염첨가량은 원료어육 중량에 대하여 $1.0\%$, 압출기로 압출한 고기풀의 에틸알코올중 침지시간은 40분, 침지시의 에틸알코올 량은 어육량에 4배, 그때의 에틸알코올 온도는 낮은 온도가 적당하였으며, 에틸알코올중의 침지회수는 4회가 적당하였고, 에틸알코올을 제거하는데는 냉풍건조가 효과적이었다. 원료어육에 대한 제품의 수율은 명태와 고등어가 각각 $19.9\%$ 및 $29.8\%$ 였다. 제품의 단백질함량은 명태가 $84.3\%$, 고등어가 $78.1\%$였으며, 지방함량은 각각 $0.5\%$ 및 $3.6\%$였다. 명태 및 고등어 조직단백질농축물의 필순 아미노 산조성은 우육, 대두조직단백질 및 FAO 표준치와 비교하였을 때 손색이 없었으며, 두 제품 모드 우육과 1:1의 중량비로 혼합하여 맛, 색, 촉감에 손색없이 식품소재로 이용할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권12호
• /
• pp.1903-1907
• /
• 2010

명태의 건조경향은 초기의 평형상태가 뚜렷하지 않은 과정을 제외하면, 일반적인 식품건조형태를 따르는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 시간이 지날수록 건조속도는 어육과 외기의 수분농도차이가 줄어듦에 따른 결과뿐만 아니라, 표면 건조에 의한 고화현상에 의해 수분이동이 억제됨에 따라 느려지게 된다. 명태의 부위별 건조속도는 잘 알려진 바와 같이 머리 부분이 몸통부분보다 빨랐다. 건조가 진행될수록 어육표면과 중심부의 수분함량과 그에 따른 수분활성도의 차이는 증가함으로써 어육내부의 수분이동이 잘 일어나지 않아 전체적인 건조속도의 저하를 나타내었다. 주어진 외기의 건조조건(온도, 습도, 풍속)에서 초기의 높은 건조속도에 의한 어육 표면응고로 인해 건조개시 수 시간 이내에 어피(피부)와 어피 바로밑부분의 어육과 어체 내부 어육의 수분함량 차이가 급격히 일어나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 황태 제조과정의 전단계인 건조과정에서 건조가 시작된 뒤 주기적으로 수분활성도의 차이가 급격히 일어나는 시간(지점)은 황태 특유의 조직감을 형성하기 위해 건조과정에서 조직의 고화를 방지함으로써 일정한 건조속도를 유지하기 위해 주기적으로 수분을 공급해 주어야 하는 시점임을 제시해 준다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.1418-1425
• /
• 2022

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fish meal (FM) and blood-derived protein sources including spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), porcine red blood cells (PRBC), and blood meal (BM) fed to growing pigs. Methods: Ten barrows (mean initial body weight of 22.1±1.54 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were allotted to a duplicated 5×4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 experimental diets and 4 periods. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain FM, SDPP, PRBC, or BM as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared and included to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. For the 7-day experimental period, pigs were fed for 5 days as adaptation, and ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 hours on days 6 and 7. Results: The SID of crude protein in BM (48.0%) was less (p<0.05) than in FM, SDPP, and PRBC (83.4%, 83.9%, and 87.3%, respectively). Pigs fed the diet containing BM had less (p<0.05) SID of AA, except isoleucine and proline, than those fed the diet containing FM, SDPP, or PRBC. Among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, there was no difference in the SID of crude protein and all AA, except isoleucine. The SID of isoleucine in PRBC and BM (62.7% and 48.3%, respectively) was less (p<0.05) than in FM and SDPP (88.0% and 84.9%, respectively). The SID of lysine in FM, SDPP, PRBC, and BM was 85.4%, 84.9%, 89.7%, and 51.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The SID of most AA was not different among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, but BM had lower SID of most AA than FM, SDPP, and PRBC.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2018

This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics of functional Dasik prepared with a mixture of freeze-dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) powder and dried pollack powder along with assessment of the general and fatty acid compositions of mealworms. General compositions, except for moisture content of freeze-dried mealworm powder, were higher than those of raw mealworms. The ratios of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids of freeze-dried mealworm powder and raw mealworms were 1:3.31 and 1:3.19, respectively. Amounts of oleic acid, which was the most abundant among unsaturated fatty acids, of freeze-dried mealworm powder and raw mealworms were 41.12 and 37.84%, respectively. For color values, greater content of freeze-dried mealworm powder in functional Dasik resulted in lower L and b scores, whereas a value increased. In the case of mechanical properties, greater content of freeze-dried mealworm powder resulted in significant reduction of hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. In the case of sensory evaluation, color, taste, and overall quality of DPMD50, which was prepared with a 1:1 ratio of freeze-dried mealworm powder and dried pollack, were the highest. It was concluded that DPMD50 is a nutritious combination of edible insects and fish for protein fortification for growth and the elderly.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 1971

The growth characteristics of Candida tropicalis KIST 351 on gas oil substrate under different culture conditions were investigated and the preliminary animal feeding experiments using this yeast as a partial substitute of fish meal was also conducted. The yeast assimilates effectively n-paraffins in gas oil ranging from $C_{16}$ to $C_{16}$ with its maximum cell growth at $33^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5 with aeration of 3 vvn and agitation of 900 rpm. The optimal concentrations of nitrogen sources, $HK_2PO_4$ and $Na_2HPO$ were 4, 2 and 0.5g/1, respectively. Ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate showed positive effect to cell growth with the optimal range of 5-10 ppm. In the feeding experiment with 3 and 5% incorporation of the gas oil grown yeast, neither adverse effects on growth of chicks nor toxic effect were observed. Protein content of the dried cell was 58.8% and its amino acid composition compared well with other single-cell protein products and FAO reference protein.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.804-817
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of co-dried fish protein hydrolysate (CFPH) on broilers performance, intestinal microbiology, and cellular immune responses. Five hundred one-day-old (Ross 308) male broilers were allocated to four treatments with five replicates of 25 birds in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included four levels of CFPH (0% as the control, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) in the isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. During the experiment, body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were periodically recorded in addition to calculating average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), liveability index, and European broiler index (EBI). In addition, cellular immune responses were evaluated at 30 days of age. On day 42, ileal contents were obtained to examine the microbial population. Based on the findings, Dietary supplementation of 5 and 7.5% CFPH increased the percentage of the thigh while decreasing the relative weight of the gizzard compared to the control group. The highest relative length of jejunum was observed in birds receiving 2.5 and 5% CFPH, and its highest relative weight belonged to birds fed with 5% CFPH. The number of coliforms, enterobacters, and total gram-negative bacteria in the intestines of birds receiving CFPH was less than that of the control group. In general, the application of CFPH in broiler nutrition can decrease the level of soybean meal in diet and it can be considered as a new protein supplement in poultry production. It is suggested to study the incorporation of this new supplement in other livestock's diets.