• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.12.1-12.8
• /
• 2016

Roe is the term used to describe fish eggs (oocytes) gathered in skeins and is one of the most valuable food products from fishery sources. Thus, means of processing are required to convert the underutilized yellowfin tuna roes (YTR) into more marketable and acceptable forms as protein concentrate. Roe protein concentrates (RPCs) were prepared by cooking condition (boil-dried concentrate, BDC and steam-dried concentrate, SDC, respectively) and un-cooking condition (freeze-dried concentrate, FDC) from yellowfin tuna roe. The yield of RPCs was in the range from 22.2 to 25.3 g/100 g of roe. RPCs contained protein (72.3-77.3 %), moisture (4.3-5.6 %), lipid (10.6-11.3 %) and ash (4.3-5.7 %) as the major constituents. The prominent amino acids of RPCs were aspartic acid, 8.7-9.2, glutamic acid, 13.1-13.2, and leucine, 8.5-8.6 g/100 g of protein. Major differences were not observed in each of the amino acid. K, S, Na, and P as minerals were the major elements in RPCs. No difference noted in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein band (15-100 K) possibly representing partial hydrolysis of myosin. Therefore, RPCs from YTR could be use potential protein ingredient for human food and animal feeds.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2014

A 9-week feeding experiment was designed to test the effects of the dietary inclusion of distillers dried grain (DDG) on the growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant activity of juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0% DDG (DDG0), 7% and 14% DDG from rice (diets DDG-R7 and DDG-R14, respectively), as well as 7% and 14% DDG from rice and wheat flour (diets DDG-RW7 and DDG-RW14, respectively). Three replicate groups of juvenile rockfish averaging $68.0{\pm}0.4g$ were fed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice a day. Survival, weight gain, feed efficiency, and the protein efficiency ratio of fish were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Proximate and amino acid compositions of the whole body were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Plasma total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, phospholipid, and triglyceride were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) in the plasma of rockfish fed the DDG-RW14 diet was higher than that of fish fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in the liver of rockfish fed diets containing DDG was higher than that of fish fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05). Alkyl radical scavenging activity in the liver of rockfish fed the DDG-R7 diet was higher than that of fish fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05). These results suggest that DDG is a suitable ingredient for the partial replacement of wheat flour and can be used at a rate of up to 14% in the diet without incurring negative effects on the growth performance or body chemical composition of juvenile rockfish.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.39-56
• /
• 1990

The effects of six kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity (W.H.C) and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner and dried pollack meat paste were investigated and animal meat(pork, chicken and hare meat complex) The formulation of six kind of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphate such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, potassim pyrophosphate, sodium ultra-meta-phosphate, sodium-tetra-phosphate and monoglyceride at different mixture ratio Among the six kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 40%, sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra mata phosphate 10%, sodium ultra meta phosphate 10% was most effective on enchanging the W H. C, and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner dried pollack meat past and in case of pork, chicken and hare meat paste. Phosphate C complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 50%. sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra meta phosphate 10%, potassium pyrophosphate 10%, was more effective them other phosphate complex, and thief optimum addition level was 0.5% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness and springiness value of Kamaboko(fish meat and pork, chicken, hare meat complex past meat product) were evaluted as best when 0.5% of Phosphate B complex was added The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 20 minutes at 12$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.518-523
• /
• 2008

Experiments were conducted to assess the quality properties of steamed fish paste by addition level, along with a fish meat replacement(dried bovine plasma). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents evidenced partially significant difference among the controls, DBP1, DBP2 and DBP3 groups(p<0.05). The pH values of the steamed samples were higher than those of the non-steamed samples, and when the content of the dried bovine plasma as meat replacement agent was increased, the pH was increased. The water holding capacity of the steamed fish past samples, along with the replacement levels were significantly higher than in the samples without the meat replacer(p<0.05). The range of cooking loss was $5.19{\sim}5.38%$. Structural weakening of the boiled samples was significantly higher than that observed in the fried sample. Hardness and chewiness were increased slightly by the addition of bovine plasma, but gel strength evidenced a pattern of decreased in DBP1, DBP2 and DBP3 groups. The result of our sensory evaluation on taste, texture, color and overall acceptance evidenced significant differences among the controls, DBP1, DBP2 and DBP3 groups, and the sensory score of color was the highest.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 1993

The protection of dry matter and nitrogen from rumen degradation of dhaincha seed (Sesbania aculeate) meal was studied using nylon bag technique. The dhaincha seed meal was subjected to various heat treatments that included oven drying, autoclaving and boiling. Similar experiment was conducted with fish meal as reference for comparison. The oven-dried dhaincha meal was found to retain more dry matter and nitrogen than was found boiled or autoclaved meal. While autoclaving appeared to improve nitrogen and dry matter retention to some extent, boiling seemed to cause more loss of dry matter from nylon bag. Heat treatment caused high retention of nitrogen by fish meal. The calculated effective protein degradation was 80.4% and 83.2% for the oven dried fish meal and dhaincha seed meal whereas same values were 74.2% and 86.7% for autoclaved fish and dhaincha seed meal respectively at the outflow rate of 4.4% per hour. The in vitro study revealed higher digestibility for heat treated samples by pepsin. The dry matter, nitrogen and ash content of dhaincha seed meal were 85.93%, 5.93% and 7.31% respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 1986

우리나라에서 건제품(乾製品)으로 많이 이용되고 있는 갈치와 가자미의 건조(乾燥) 및 저장시(貯藏時) 일어나는 지질(脂質) 및 산화지질(酸化脂質)과 단백질(蛋白質)과의 반응(反應)이 이들 어육(魚肉)의 in vitro protein digestibility저하(低下)에 미치는 영향과 이에 수반되는 available lysine의 불용화(不溶化) 및 효소(酵素) 불소화성(不消化性) 물질(物質) 생성(生成) 정도의 변화를 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가자미 및 갈치 생시료(生試料)의 소화율(消化率)은 87.63, 86.08%이었고, 일건(日乾), 열건시료(熱乾試料)는 건조(乾燥) 중 $1{\sim}2%$정도 저하(低下)되었으나 탈지시료(脫脂試料)는 각각 89.15, 87.15%로 증가하였다. 저장(貯藏) 중의 소화율(消化率)은 모든 시료(試料)에서 저하(低下)되었고 특히 갈치 열건시료(熱乾試料)는 78.00%로 심한 감소를 나타내었다. TIS함량은 생시료(生試料)에서 가자미, 갈치가 각각 0.88, 0.96mg/g solid이었으며, 탈지시료(脫脂試料)는 건조(乾燥) 및 저장(貯藏) 중 TIS함량의 증가가 적었고 소화율(消化率)은 높게 나타났다. VBN 및 PoV는 저장 10일에 저장초기의 2배(倍)정도로 증가하였고, 저장 30일에는 급격히 감소되었다. 갈변물질(褐變物質)의 형성은 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 증가되었다. 가자미 및 갈치 지질(脂質)의 주요(主要) 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)은 $C_{18:1},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{22:6}\;C_{16:1}$등이었으며 총불포화지방산(總不飽和脂肪酸)함량은 가자미 79.2%, 갈치 67.8%이었고 저장 중 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)이 증가하고 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Available lysine은 갈치가 가자미보다 많았으며 저장 30일에는 저장초기량의 8.23%가 각각 손실되었다. 이상에서 수산단백식품(水産蛋白食品)은 건조(乾燥) 저장(貯藏) 중 산화지질(酸化脂質)과의 반응(反應)으로 단백질(蛋白質)의 양적(量的) 손실(損失)을 초래하였고, 비효소(非酵素)적 갈변(褐變), 지질일단백질(脂質一蛋白質)의 불용성(不溶性) 복합체(複合體) 형성(形成), available lysine의 불용화(不溶化), TIS의 생성(生成), 어육(魚肉)내의 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)과 아미노산의 변화(變化)로 in vitro protein digestibility 저하(低下)를 비롯하여 어육(魚肉)의 갈변(褐變), 풍미손상(風味損傷) 및 영양가손실(營養價損失)등의 어육(魚肉)의 품질저하(品質低下)를 초래하는 주요인(主要因)으로 분석되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 1986

This study was carried out in order to investigate protein cross-linking in freeze-dried meat of flounder (Limanda herzensteini). Changes in solubility or extractability of proteins and electrophoretic patterns of the extracted proteins were determined to monitor the cross-linking during the storage of freeze-dried meat. Development of nonenzymatic browning and the loss of in vitro protein digestibilily were also measured to assess their influences on the changes of functional and nutritional properties of proteins. In addition, the effects of lysine added, and removal of fat and water extractives were also mentioned. The extractability of protein decreased upon storage time and temperature, and the loss of solubility of myosin was evident. In case of the samples stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 150 days, the extractability of protein decreased $26.4\%$, while that of the samples stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 60 days decreased about $39.7\%$. And it was noted that the loss of solubility of myosin was $68.3\%$ and $98.1%$ for the same storage conditions, respectively. It was noteworthy that the samples treated with $L-lysine{\cdot}HCl$ seemed to prevent more or less the loss of protein solubility, in that, even stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 120 days, revealed only $57.03\%$ decrease. The nonenzymatic browning was proceeded with the increase of storage temperature, especially, in the samples treated with glucose. This suggests that the decrease in extractibility of myosin was accompanied by the extent of browning. But the browning was retarded in defatted samples. The in vitro apparent protein digestibility was also higher in the samples defatted or water extracted. It was suggested from these results that changes in properties of proteins in freeze dried fish meat were led by the protein cross-linking which was attributed to Maillard type of reactions and protein-lipid interactions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.1736-1743
• /
• 2014

This study was designed to test the effects of dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) level on the growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and antioxidant activity of juvenile red seabream (Pagrus major). Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% DDG from rice (designated as DDG0, DDG5, DDG10, DDG15, DDG20, and DDG25), respectively. Juvenile red seabream averaging $10.1{\pm}0.05g$ were randomly distributed into 400-L tanks in a flow through systems. Three replicate groups of fish were fed one of the experimental diets to visual satiation two times a day for 10 weeks. Survival, weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and hepatosomatic index of fish were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). Proximate and amino acid composition of whole body in juvenile red seabream were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). Plasma content of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, phospholipid and triglyceride were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical and alkyl radical scavenging activities in plasma and liver of fish were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that DDG has the potential to replace plant origin ingredients such as wheat flour and corn gluten meal and could be used up to 25% in diet without incurring negative effects on the growth performance of juvenile red seabream.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2015

We evaluated the effects of rice distillers dried grain (DDG) as a partial replacement for fish meal in the practical diet on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0%, 7%, 14%, 21%, 28%, and 35% DDG (designated DDG0, DDG7, DDG14, DDG21, DDG28, and DDG35, respectively). Three replicate groups of juvenile olive flounder averaging $9.6{\pm}0.2g$ were fed one of the experimental diets to visual satiety twice daily for 8 weeks. Neither survival nor daily feed intake was affected by the dietary DDG levels. Weight gain of the flounder fed the DDG28 and DDG35 diets was lower than that of flounder fed the DDG7 diet. The feed efficiency of flounder fed the DDG28 diet was lower than that of flounder fed the DDG0, DDG7, and DDG14 diets. The protein efficiency ratio of flounder fed the DDG28 diet was lower than that of flounder fed the DDG7 diet. The proximate composition of muscle was not affected by the dietary DDG levels. The plasma contents of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, phospholipid, and triglyceride were not affected by the dietary DDG levels. The results of this experiment suggest that DDG has the potential to replace fish meal and could be used up to 21% DDG without any negative effects on the growth and feed utilization of juvenile flounder.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.520-525
• /
• 2007

The physicochemical properties of sun-dried and cyclic freeze-thaw dried Alaska pollack were analyzed to compare the 2 drying processes. The moisture content and water activity of sun-dried Alaska pollack were higher than cyclic freeze-thaw dried and 1 year-aged cyclic freeze-thaw dried Alaska pollack (hwangtae). The relatively low temperatures used in cyclic freeze-thaw drying retards lipid oxidation compared to sun drying based on the acid and peroxide values, and the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the dried fish. The water holding capacity of cyclic freeze-thaw dried Alaska pollack aged for 1 year (hwangtae) under ambient conditions at the drying location was higher than that of sun-dried Alaska pollack. The swelling of myofibrilar filaments during cyclic freeze-thaw drying may be responsible for the softening of the dried muscle protein. Aging the cyclic freeze-thaw dried Alaska pollack for 1 year contributed to an increased yellowish color of the hwangtae.