• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2003

Purpose. Despite many smoking cessation programs, many patients with CAD continue to smoke or re-smoke. The processes of change and self-change for smoking cessation is emphasized. The purpose of present study was to investigate decisional balances and processes of change according to stages of change for smoking cessation in the patients with CAD. Methods. This descriptive study was performed using the self-reported questionnaires from 157 male patients with CAD who have smoking experiences. The questionnaires consisted of decisional balances toward smoking (pros/cons) and processes of change including 7 factors. Results. 45.2% of the subjects had myocardial infarction and 54.8% for angina pectoris. Major stages of change were maintenance, contemplation, and precontemplation in 62%, 14%, and 18% respectively. The mean score of pros smoking was 31.07 and cons smoking was 32.52. The mean scores of processes of change were high in all 7 factors, especially in self determination. The pros smoking in precontemplation stage was significantly higher than those in other stages. Between contemplation and precontemplation stages, processes of change showed significant differences in stimulus control, self determination, information management, and dramatic relief. Conclusion. This study suggests that decisional balances and processes of change are stage-specific. As this study, smoking cessation program in the patients with CAD must put priority on the patients group in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, and stress self determination and dramatic relief.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2017

본 연구는 디지털 게임의 신생 장르 중 하나인 '배틀로얄(Battle Royale)' 장르의 형성과 다이나믹을 고찰하고, 극적 긴장을 유발시키는 게임성의 구성요소를 밝히는 데에 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 장르의 정전 텍스트로 <배틀그라운드>를 선정하고 MDA 프레임워크를 기반으로 게임의 구성 요소를 살펴보았다. 게임 다이나믹 차원에 있어, 배틀로얄 장르는 불확실성과 필연성의 교차를 통해 게임의 긴장감을 유지하는 게임성을 드러낸다. 불확실성은 게임 월드의 무작위성과 플레이어의 상태 정보 은닉을 통해 강화되며, 필연성은 전투가 빈번하게 발생할 수밖에 없는 지형의 설계와 시간에 따라 활동 가능한 공간을 제약하는 두 형태를 통해 발현된다. 이와 같은 기법은 플레이어의 의미있는 선택을 유도하고 긴장감을 끝까지 유지시키는 역할을 수행하면서 배틀로얄 장르의 게임성을 구축하고 있다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

In this research, experimental studies were performed to examine the rheological behavior of equimolar solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) and sodium salicylate (NaSal) solutions with concentration. The surfactant solutions were prepared by dissolving 2 mM/2 mM - 80 mM/80 mM of surfactant/counterion in double-distilled water. It has been observed that the zero shear viscosity shows abrupt changes at two critical values of C^*$ and C^{**}$. These changes are caused by the switching of relaxation mechanism with concentration of CPyCl/NaSal solutions at those concentrations. The wall slip velocities of dilute and semidilute CPyCl/NaSal solutions show a dramatic increase with shear rate where the shear viscosity exhibits shear thickening behavior for dilute solutions and shear thinning behavior for semi-dilute solutions, respectively. Considering that the dramatic increase in wall slip velocity should be related to the formation of shear-induced structure (SIS) in the surfactant solution, the shear thickening behavior of semi-dilute solutions is caused by elastic instability unlike the case of dilute solutions.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.427-438
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• 2015

The present work proposes a new image analysis method for the evaluation of the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) distribution in a cement matrix. In this method, white cement was used instead of ordinary Portland cement with MWNT in an effort to differentiate MWNT from the cement matrix. In addition, MWNT-embedded cement composites were fabricated under different flows of fresh composite mixtures, incorporating a constant MWNT content (0.6 wt%) to verify correlation between the MWNT distribution and flow. The image analysis demonstrated that the MWNT distribution was significantly enhanced in the composites fabricated under a low flow condition, and DC conductivity results revealed the dramatic increase in the conductivity of the composites fabricated under the same condition, which supported the image analysis results. The composites were also prepared under the low flow condition (114 mm < flow < 126 mm), incorporating various MWNT contents. The image analysis of the composites revealed an increase in the planar occupation ratio of MWNT, and DC conductivity results exhibited dramatic increase in the conductivity (percolation phenomena) as the MWNT content increased. The image analysis and DC conductivity results indicated that fabrication of the composites under the low flow condition was an effective way to enhance the MWNT distribution.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.734-746
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of women's self-image on image evaluation of clothing self-image, and on their selection of clothing styles by situations. The subject of investigation was 500 women above 20 living in Daegu. 6 types of clothing styles including classic, casual, elegant, dramatic, romantic, and mannish and 7 social situations including shopping near house, shopping in a busy street, cultural center, wedding ceremony, dinning out, alumni meeting or fraternity meeting, and couples meeting were used for this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS package, which included factor analysis, reliability test, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and X²-test. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Adult women could be classified into 4 groups such as the passive mannish, the passive feminine, the active mannish, and the active feminine by their self-images. 2. There were different opinions on each clothing style by self-image. In the image of each clothing style by self-image groups, the passive feminine group considered classic style having effect to make people look tall, mature and elegant style to make people look active and charming. Also, they rated the boldness of dramatic style and the activeness of mannish style high. The active feminine group estimated the boldness of mannish style high. 3. Selection of clothing style differed according to various situations. More formal the situation was, more classic style tended to be selected and for less formal situation, mannish style was selected.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of women's life-style on image evaluation of clothing styles, and on their selection of clothing styles by situations. The subject of investigation was 441 women above 20 living in Daegu. 6 types of clothing styles including classic, casual, elegant, dramatic, romantic, and mannish and 7 social situations including shopping near house, shopping in a busy street, cultural center, wedding ceremony, eating out, alumni meeting or fraternity meeting, and couples meeting were used for this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS package, which included factor analysis, reliability test, cluster analysis, frequency, percentage, ANOVA, and $\chi$$^2$-test. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Adult women could be classified into 5 groups including activist, in-activist, the leisured well-off, the wholesomely economical, and the appearance showing-off by their life-styles. 2. The clothing image according to the 6 clothing styles was different. In the image evaluation of each clothing style by life-style groups, in-active group thought classic style most functional and leisured well-off group, mannish style. Elegant style and dramatic style were estimated positively by the leisured well-off and the appearance showing-off. 3. Selection of clothing style differed according to situations. More formal the situation was, more formal style tended to be selected and for less formal situation, active and mannish style was selected.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.296-312
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed the whole design of the necklace in detail, which reflects the artistic sense of handicraft in couture. The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of the design based on the analysis findings and to provide basic data to help fashion designers. The research method entailed analyzing trends in necklace design - viewed in fashion magazines and on websites - by year, season, brand, kind, material, color, and image. The identified necklace design characteristics were as follows. First, artistry and originality are dramatically expressed through the use of a broad range of materials. Second, due to the necklace's role as an object of perfect beauty, in a number of images, the necklaces were presented in convergence and contrast with overall costumes. Third, the dramatic effects of layering revealed a strong presence and individualized styling. Necklaces are created with diverse sculptures by realizing the creative imagination of fashion designers. Even though they looked a little different every year, there were designs in the collections constantly. Round shape and princess length were preferred. In particular, the mix type was used to express dramatic effect by focusing neck part in entire styling which different length of necklaces were layered and worn. As a result, it meets the needs of consumers who emphasize brand differentiation and diversity, and it is believed that the role of necessities in fashion will continue and it creates economic demand in the fashion industry.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.421-424
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• 2006

This study, in order for perceiving the mechanical attribute followed by the explosive spalling of high strength concrete material under high temperature and evaluating capacity of endurance of material, targets understanding capacity of endurance of material such as explosive spalling in high temperature, temperature by thickness of clothing, transformation extent, transformation speed and displacement, stocking the maximum load based on the Allowable Stress Design Method. As a result of experimenting the explosive spalling attribute of high strength concrete material, the one possibly causing serious damage is the 50 MPa concrete. In all aspects of 60 MPa concrete, explosive spalling happens. Especially, it is hazardous enough to reveal all the iron bar. All explosive spalling is intensively concentrated on the surface of concrete for the first $5{\sim}25$ minutes, which urges for the explosive spalling protection action. As a result of evaluating the structural safety by the transformation of high strength concrete, while beam assures the fire safety meeting regulation, 60 MPa shows the dramatic increase of transformation, which only counts 84% of safety. In a column, both the concrete exclusion and excessive explosive spalling are concentrated upper part of column, which brings about the dramatic transformation, so it only meets the 50% of safety regulation. Likewise, in 80, 100 MPa concrete which was never experimented considering the condition of domestic structural endurance stocking devices, the faster collapse is expected.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

젖소의 분만 전후기는 일반적으로 전환기라고 칭하며 분만후 유생산을 준비하기 위해 동물체내 대사 및 생리적 상태가 급격히 변화하는 시기라 할 수 있다. 젖소는 이 시기에 간조직에서 당신합성을 통해 유당합성을 위한 glucose의 생산을 촉진하고, 지방조직에서는 분만 전부터 지질을 축적하고 비유개시에 맞추어 혈중 NEFA (nonesterified fatty acid)의 농도를 증가시켜 유지방 합성을 준비 한다. 이러한 대사조절에 epinephrine 및 insulin이 조절 호르몬으로 작용하여 유생산을 위한 탄수화물 및 지질대사를 변화시키고 사료 섭취량의 부족에 기인한 전체 에너지의 감소를 체내 영양소의 재분배로 충족시킨다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.619-639
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• 2009

In his 1993 stage play, Arcadia, Tom Stoppard appropriates scientific theories to dramatize the difficulty in predicting the future and in describing the past. Arcadia tracks the archaeological efforts of two present-day literary critics, Hannah Jarvis and Bernard Nightingale, as they attempt to piece together the events that occurred at a large country house called Sidley Park, from 1809 to 1812. While employing a variety of historical and cultural references to the changes taking place in British landscape gardening around the early nineteenth century, the play also turns around the intuitive-romantic versus rational-classical dichotomy represented by Hannah, and present in its discussion of science and the recoverable/irrecoverable past. Stoppard's use of chaos theory as a metaphor for the difficulties faced by those involved in biographical/bibliographical literary research suggests that unsubstantiated assumption can result in the construction of its subject, rather than in its recovery. This paper explores the way in which Stoppard uses scientific concepts, particularly the chaos theory, as a metaphor for human life and behaviour, and how he successfully describes the dilemmas and contradictions of life in so doing. Influences from his famous British predecessors, George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde, are evident, but Stoppard transcends both playwrights and crafts a dramatic style distinctively his own. The combination of wit, comedy, intellectual depth, intriguing ideas, literary allusions, scientific concepts, metaphors, and cultural references, all combine to make Arcadia a dramatic edifice that will stand the test of time.