• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

Purpose: The heterodigital or homodigital artery island flap is a popular method of reconstruction for finger defects. Sometimes, digital artery island flap has some disadvantages such as postoperative flap edema, congestion, and partial necrosis of the flap margin. However, we could decrease these disadvantages by means of venous superdrainage. The aim of this study is to report usefulness and postoperative results of venous supercharging digital artery island flaps for finger reconstruction. Methods: From March of 2005 to March of 2008, a total of eight patients with soft tissue defects of the finger underwent venous supercharging digital island flap transfer. Briefly, the flap is harvested along with dorsal vein that is then anastomosed to a recipient vein in an end - to - end fashion, after flap transfer and insetting. Using this technique, eight patients were operated on, ranging in age 23 to 52 years. Results: All the flaps survived with a success rate of 100 percent, thus fully satisfying the reconstructive requirements. No postoperative flap congestion was recognized, obviating the need to take any measures for venous engorgement, such as suture removal. Among 8 cases, it was possible to make an long - term and follow - up observation more than 6 months. In these cases, the fact that light touches and temperature sensations can be detected in all the flaps. Cold intolerance and hyperesthesia were not seen in our series. Conclusion: Providing good harmony with conventional methods and microsurgery, inclusion of a vein with the heterodigital and homodigital artery island flap allows a more reliable and safer reconstructive choice for finger defects. The venous supercharged island flap is a reliable flap with a consistent arterial structure, and with its augmented venous drainage, it is more reliable, providing single - stage reconstruction of adjacent finger defects, including the fingertip.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Purpose: The main cause of flap loss in microsurgical tissue transfer is venous insufficiency. Whether or not multiple venous anastomoses prevents vascular thrombosis and reduces the risk of flap failure remains controversial. Some researchers are in favor of performing dual venous anastomoses, but the counterargument holds that performing a single venous anastomosis does provide advantages. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 15 cases of anterolateral thigh free flap for extremity reconstruction performed between January 2011 and December 2013. The patients were categorized into two groups: group A that received a single venous anastomosis and group B that received dual venous anastomoses. The time of the anastomosis, size of the flap, complications of the flap, and survival rate of each group were analyzed. Results: The total microsurgical time in the single venous anastomosis group ranged from 28 to 43 minutes (mean 35.9 minutes). The total time in the dual anastomoses group ranged from 50 to 64 minutes (mean 55.7 minutes). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups with regards to postoperative complications and flap failure. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of a single venous anastomosis in the venous drainage of anterolateral thigh free flaps is a safe and feasible option for extremity reconstruction and provides shorter operative time and easy flap dissection.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.615-628
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• 2013

하천의 유로가 급격하게 변경되는 하도 변위로 형성된 신하도에서는 상 하류간의 고도차로 인해 폭포 가 발생될 수 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 7개 폭포를 대상으로 하여, 하도 변위에 의한 폭포의 형성 유형과 과정을 설명하고, 폭포의 후퇴 속도와 영향 요인을 분석하였다. 울진군 불영 폭포, 영덕군 용추 폭포, 양구군 직연 폭포, 울진군 광품 폭포는 자연적인 감입 곡류 절단에 의해 형성되었다. 태백시 삼형제 폭포, 남원시 구룡 폭포는 하천 쟁탈의 과정에서 형성된 것이고, 충주시 팔봉 폭포는 농경지 확보를 위한 인위적인 하도 절단으로 형성되었다. 폭포는 두부 침식으로 인해 시간이 갈수록 위치가 상류 쪽으로 이동하였는데, 폭포의 형성 시기를 추정할 수 있는, 불영, 용추, 직연, 삼형제 폭포의 후퇴 속도는 3~4m/ka로 측정되었다. 이들 4개 폭포의 후퇴 속도는 유역 면적, 강수량, 기반암의 용식 및 풍화 가능성, 초기 폭포의 높이와 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.534-544
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• 2014

The effects of microbial iron reduction and oxidation on the immobilization and mobilization of copper were investigated in a high concentration of sulfate with synthesized Fe(III) minerals and red earth soils rich in amorphous Fe (hydr)oxides. Batch microcosm experiments showed that red earth soil inoculated with subsurface sediments had a faster Fe(III) bioreduction rate than pure amorphous Fe(III) minerals and resulted in quicker immobilization of Cu in the aqueous fraction. Coinciding with the decrease of aqueous Cu, $SO_4{^{2-}}$ in the inoculated red earth soil decreased acutely after incubation. The shift in the microbial community composite in the inoculated soil was analyzed through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Results revealed the potential cooperative effect of microbial Fe(III) reduction and sulfate reduction on copper immobilization. After exposure to air for 144 h, more than 50% of the immobilized Cu was remobilized from the anaerobic matrices; aqueous sulfate increased significantly. Sequential extraction analysis demonstrated that the organic matter/sulfide-bound Cu increased by 52% after anaerobic incubation relative to the abiotic treatment but decreased by 32% after oxidation, indicating the generation and oxidation of Cu-sulfide coprecipitates in the inoculated red earth soil. These findings suggest that the immobilization of copper could be enhanced by mediating microbial Fe(III) reduction with sulfate reduction under anaerobic conditions. The findings have an important implication for bioremediation in Cu-contaminated and Fe-rich soils, especially in acid-mine-drainage-affected sites.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 1997

A Study on the 본 연구에서는 플라스틱드레인을 이용하여 진공수평배수에 의해 개량된 준설 점토 지반의 압밀거동을 파악하기 위하여 대형 압밀시험을 실시하였으며, 실험 결과가 포텐결중공원주의 압밀이론을 이용한 수치해석에 의해 비교 검토되었다. 본 연구 실험결과에 의하면 수평배수진공압밀시험은 점토층 내부의 함수비 및 간극수압과 드레인 배수 속도 등이 진공압밀 시간 경과에 따라 감소되어 압밀이 급속하게 진행되고 있음이 확인되었다. 점토층 중공원주의 방사류에 대한 선형포텐샬압밀이론을 이용하여 수치 압밀해석 결과 간극수압은 확산 형태보다 흙의 변형과 투수에 의해 크게 좌우되고 있으므로, 지표면 부근에서의 실측 침하량은 압밀응력증가율 a가 -0.5정도에서 수치해석과 일치하며 또한 드레인 설치 부근에서의 점토층 침하량은 Baryon 압밀이론과 유사한 거동을 나타내고 있다. 최종적으로 수평 배수에 대한 적당한 선택과정을 포함한 설계 및 시공관리가 시험결과에 의하여 설명 되었으며 포텐셜압밀이론은 진공배수시 수평드레인에 의한 압밀거동을 정확하게 예측할 수 있다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

신생아 간농양은 특별한 증상이 발현되지 않거나 비특이적인 증상 때문에 진단이 늦어지는 경우가 많다. 항생제의 사용에도 불구하고 염증 반응이 지속되며 복부증상이 함께 나타나는 경우, 주산기 산모의 심한 감염, 융모양막염 등의 선행인자가 있고, 제대혈관 도관과 관련된 패혈증이 있는 경우에는 간농양의 가능성을 고려해야 한다. 저자들은 생후 9일된 미숙아에서 제대정맥 도관과 함께 산모의 폐렴 및 심한 융모양막염이 선행요인이 되어, 단일성 간농양이 발생한 진단된 사례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 2002년 산사태가 많이 발생한 강원도 강릉 지역의 산사태 발생원인에 대해 인공신경망 기법과 GIS를 이용하여 취약성도를 작성 및 이를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 지형도, 토양도, 임상도, 지질도, 토지피복도 등 을 GIS를 이용하여 공간 데이터베이스로 구축하였고, 이러한 데이터베이스로부터, 경사, 경사방향, 곡률, 수계, 지형종 류, 토질, 토양모재, 토양배수, 유효토심, 임상종류, 임상경급, 임상영급, 임상밀도, 암상, 토지피복도, 선구조도 등을 추 출하여 산사태 발생요인으로 이용하였다. 이러한 데이터베이스와 산사태 발생 위치에 대해 인공신경망 기법을 적용하 여 산사태 발생 원인에 대해 상대적인 가중치를 계산하고, 이를 적용하여 산사태 취약성도를 만들었다. 그리고 계산 된 산사태 취약성도는 산사태 발생을 정량적으로 예측하는 비곡선 방법을 이용하여 검증되었다. 이러한 결과는 산사 태 피해 예방을 위한 방재 사업, 국토개발 계획, 건설계획 등에 기초 자료로서 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2015

Soil contamination with arsenic and heavy metals is a worldwide problem. Main objective of this research was to evaluated effects of reducing heavy metal leaching under reduced soil condition amended with industrial by-products. The contaminated soil was amended with 3% (w/w) of limestone (Ls), steel slag (SS) and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS). Synthetic acid rain ($H_2SO_4:HNO_3=6:4$, pH 5.5 fixed) was used for feeding solution with flow rate of $0.78{\sim}0.88mL\;min^{-1}$. Results showed that similar pH and EC of leachate was observed in all treatments regardless of applied industrial by-products. However, arsenic concentration of leachate increased when industrial by-products were mixed. Meanwhile, concentration of heavy metal in the leachate decreased from 11.3 to 4.59 mg for Cd, from 92.3 to 7.93 mg for Pb, and from 11,716 to 1,788 mg for Zn via immobilization in soil with AMDS amended, respectively. Overall, application of industrial by-products can be an environmentally-friendly way to remediate soil and(or) leachate contaminated with metal(loid)s in metal mine site.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2021

Purpose: Traumatic pancreatic injuries are rare, but their diagnosis and management are challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate and report our experiences with the management of pancreatic injuries. Methods: We identified all adult patients (age >15) with pancreatic injuries from our trauma registry over a 7-year period. Data related to patients' demographics, diagnoses, operative information, complications, and hospital course were abstracted from the registry and medical records. Results: A total of 45 patients were evaluated. Most patients had blunt trauma (89%) and 21 patients (47%) had pancreatic injuries of grade 3 or higher. Twenty-eight patients (62%) underwent laparotomy and 17 (38%) received nonoperative management (NOM). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 24% (n=11), and only one patient died after NOM (due to a severe traumatic brain injury). Twenty-two patients (79%) underwent emergency laparotomy and six (21%) underwent delayed laparotomy. A drainage procedure was performed in 12 patients (43%), and pancreatectomy was performed in 16 patients (57%) (distal pancreatectomy [DP], n=8; DP with spleen preservation, n=5; pancreaticoduodenectomy, n=2; total pancreatectomy, n=1). Fourteen (31%) pancreas-specific complications occurred, and all complications were successfully managed without surgery. Solid organ injuries (n=14) were the most common type of associated abdominal injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3). Conclusions: For traumatic pancreatic injuries, an appropriate treatment method should be considered after evaluation of the accompanying injury and the patient's hemodynamic status. NOM can be performed without mortality in appropriately selected cases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2019

Background The use of anatomic implants has improved the aesthetic results of breast surgery; however, implant malrotation is an uncommon, but serious complication of these procedures. Nevertheless, little research has explored implant adhesion. In this study, we investigated adhesion between the expander and the capsule. Methods Seventy-nine cases of immediate breast reconstruction via two-stage implant-based reconstruction performed between September 2016 and November 2017 were evaluated. Mentor CPX4 expanders were used in 14 breasts, and Natrelle expanders in 65. We analyzed areas of adhesion on the surfaces of the tissue expanders when they were exchanged with permanent implants. We investigated whether adhesions occurred on the cephalic, caudal, anterior, and/or posterior surfaces of the expanders. Results Total adhesion occurred in 18 cases, non-adhesion in 15 cases, and partial adhesion in 46 cases. Of the non-adhesion cases, 80% (n=12) were with Mentor CPX4 expanders, while 94.4% (n=17) of the total adhesion cases were with Natrelle expanders. Of the partial adhesion cases, 90.7% involved the anterior-cephalic surface. The type of tissue expander showed a statistically significant relationship with the number of attachments in both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (P<0.001) and with total drainage only in the univariate analysis (P=0.015). Conclusions We sought to identify the location(s) of adhesion after tissue expander insertion. The texture of the implant was a significant predictor of the success of adhesion, and partial adhesion was common. The anterior-cephalic surface showed the highest adhesion rate. Nevertheless, partial adhesion suffices to prevent unwanted rotation of the expander.