• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2012

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency domain characteristics of ground reaction forces during quiet standing on inclined surfaces twenty healthy individuals(10 elderly women $68.78{\pm}3.29$ years and 10 young women $20.90{\pm}0.74$ years) participated. Methods : Subjects stood in quiet stance over a force platform positioned in one of three different fixed positions: flat, down and up. Healthy participants completed with eyes open for 120 s trials. Evaluation of postural control were generally based on the interpretation of center of pressure(COP) time series. The COP have been determined using an experimental setup with 3D kinematic and the ground reaction force system. All the data were expressed means and standard deviation by using SAS package program. Results : SEF 50% were not significant in AP and ML direction according to surface slope of both groups. SEF 95% were showed highest frequency in AP direction on down slope of both groups. MEF were not significant all direction according to surface slopes of elderly women. There was no difference between young and elderly women. Conclusion : Elderly women used to ankle strategy during a quiet stance according to COP perturbation of AP direction showed more expanded than ML direction. SEF 95% were showed highest frequency on down slope in elderly women who showed more used ankle strategy for postural control on down slope.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1719-1723
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• 1969

In this country, farmers lay out furrows in the direction which is considered by their own judgement to be convenient for cultivation without paying much attention for soil erosion. The direction of furrow has considerable effects on soil and water losses. In this experiment, it is intedned to observe the differences of soil and water losses in different directions of furrows of sloped fields so that the results thus obtained could be informed to farmers who should be careful in determining furrow direction for soil erosion control. Some the major experimental results are summarized as follows: The direction of furrows did not affect so much on the runoffs in a gentle slope, as the runoff is 509 ton/10a in the contouring plot, $51^{\circ}$/ton/10a in the 45-degree plot, and 560 ton/10a in the up-and-down hill plot. The contouring plot among the three plots had best effect on soil conservation, as the soil losses are 5.8 ton/10a in the contouring plot, 9.3 ton/10a in the 45 degree plot, and 10.2 ton/10a in the up-and-down hill plot.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2020

We analyzed the morphological characteristics of OCC (Ocean Core Complexes) in the middle part of the Central Indian Ridge (MCIR) using high-resolution geophysical data recorded on the Deep-Tow SideScan Sonar IMI-30 system. In terms of slope-gradient variations calculated from the high-resolution bathymetry data, the normal faults formed by seafloor spreading were associated generally with slopes > 30° and resulted in high backscatter intensities, which reflect more topographic effects than acoustic medium variation. However, the areas associated with gentle slopes < 10° tend to show the backscatter intensities reflecting the acoustic characteristic of the medium. We show that the detachment faults exposing the OCCs were initiated with high-angle normal faults (58°) exhibiting outward and inward dips of a breakaway zone. In order to examine the spatial distribution of OCC structures, we characterized the transition from magmatic-dominant seafloor with abyssal hills to tectonic-dominant seafloor with OCC using the down-slope direction variation. The slope direction of the seafloor generally tends to be perpendicular to the ridge azimuth in the magmatic-dominant zone, whereas it becomes parallel to the given ridge azimuth near the OCC structures. Therefore, this spatial change of seafloor slope directions indicates that the formation of OCC structures is causally associated with the tectonic-dominant spreading rather than magmatic extension. These results also suggest that the topographical characteristics of seafloor spreading and OCC structures can be distinguished using high-resolution geophysical data. Thus, we propose that the high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter intensity data can help select potential areas of exploitation of hydrothermal deposits in MCIR effectively.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.387-400
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 터널 갱구사면을 대상으로 사면안정성 및 산사태 위험도를 평가하였다. 먼저 사면안정성 해석을 통해 붕괴위험도가 가장 높은 구간을 선정하고 구체적인 붕괴규모를 파악하였다. 해석결과 해발고도 485~495 m인 구간은 강우시 안전율이 0.99로 불안정한 상태로 나타났다. 이 때 붕괴심도는 최대 2.1 m이며 붕괴 길이는 사면의 경사방향으로 18.6 m로 분석되었다. 해당구간에서 사면붕괴 시 파생되는 사태물질의 이동특성을 실시간으로 분석하고 터널 갱구부에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 산사태 시뮬레이션 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 사태물질은 7.74 m/sec의 평균속도를 보이며 주로 계곡부를 따라 산 하부로 이동하는 것으로 분석되었다. 사태물질은 산 하부로 갈수록 점차 확산되며 10초 후에 터널 갱구부 위를 지나고 20.2초 후에 산하부에 도달하는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 터널 갱구부는 사태물질 이동경로의 중심부에 위치하고 있어 산사태 발생 시 직접적인 피해를 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.629-635
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• 2009

In this research, KP-4, one of the plastic mold steels, was coated with the AlTiN from one layer to four layers by the PVD method in the $\Phi$ 8mm cemented carbide ball end mill. Coated KP-4 was processed with various conditions. For example, slope of $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ the spindle rotation speed was changed from 10,000rpm to 16,000rpm, the tool feeding speed was changed from 1,300mm/min to 1,700mm/min, the depth of cut was also changed from 0.3mm to 0.9mm, and etc. Cutting component force according to the coating layer number, and surface roughness were studied. The cutting component force showed a good agreement better the up ward direction than the down ward direction under all experimental conditions. In case of the condition per the material shape, it was lessen when the tool have larger angle because the average effective diameter of the tool is larger. The surface roughness showed good condition in case of the up ward than the down ward direction. And, in the 3rd layer of AlTiN coating, it showed the most suitable condition.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2006

Our ancestor has accumulated inimitable a building system from experience. and they finally invented Gu-dul that heat the stone as a hitting system. The purpose of this study is to investigate and to write down the on Excavation & Restoration of Traditional Gu-dul in Young-dong. It was found that Gu-dul was the most suited for natural condition. That is wind, direction, earth level. As the results of analyzing the built- technque of traditional Gu- dul : 1) The Gu-dul type is lined, scattered, and mixed. 2) The hight of bank is 25-30cm, 3) The depth of Gaejari is 30-45cm, and The slope of that is gentle. 4) The slope of Gorae(a floor hitter) is 5 - 8%. (from the middle to the edge and from the lower part to the upper part) Therefore, For the practical application of future houses, it will be needed to develop the reasonable hitting system, and suggest to set up Gu-dul for our health and saving energy.

• 대기
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2015

We have analyzed wind and eddy covariance data collected within roughness sublayer over sloping terrain. The study site is located on non-flat terrain with slopes in both south-north and east-west directions. The surface elevation change is smaller than the height of roughness element such as building and tree. This study examines the directional wind shear for data collected at three levels in the lowest 10 m in the roughness sublayer. The wind direction shear is caused by drag of roughness element and terrain-induced motions at this site. Small directional shear occurs when wind speed at 10 m is strong and wind direction at 10 m is southerly which is the same direction as upslope flow near surface at this site during daytime. Correlation between vertical shear of lateral momentum and lateral momentum flux is smaller over steeply sloped surface compared to mildly sloped surface and lateral momentum flux is not down-gradient over steeply sloped surface. Quadrant analysis shows that the relative contribution of four quadrants to momentum flux depends on both surface slope and wind direction shear.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of ground reaction force(GRF) in golf swing for various slopes of flat lie and uphill lies of 5 and 10 degrees. Five right-handed professional golfers were selected for the experiment and the 7 iron club was used. We used four forceplates to measure GRF and synchronized with the three-dimensional motion analysis system. Results showed that slope did not affect the total time for golf swing, but the time until the impact had a tendency to slightly increase for the uphill lie(p<0.05). The medial-lateral GRF of the right foot increased toward the medial direction during back swing, but less increases were found with the angle of uphill lie(p<0.05). The GRF of the left foot increased rapidly toward the medial direction at the uncocking and the impact during down swing, but decreased with the increase in the angle of uphill lie(p<0.05). The anterior-posterior GRF of both feet showed almost the same for different slopes. With the slopes, the vertical GRF of the right foot increased, but the vertical GRF of left foot decreased(p<0.05). Uphill lies would have negative effect to provide the angular momentum during back swing, restricting pelvic and trunk rotations, and to provide the precise timing and strong power during down swing, limiting movements of body's center of mass. The present study could provide valuable information to quantitatively analyze the dynamics of golf swing. Further study would be required to understand detailed mechanism in golf swing under different conditions.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2013

작물재배 관행과 지형에 의한 농약의 유실양상의 차이를 파악하고자 고추재배 경사지 포장에서 농약유출 실험을 수행하였다. Fluazinam 50% 수화제를 2003년부터 2005년까지 7월 중에 살포한 후 작물체를 씻어 내리는 빗물(wash-off), 유출수, 유실토 및 토양 중 fluazinam의 잔류소실 양상을 추적하였다. 농약살포 후 작물체 표면에 부착되었던 fluazinam이 빗물에 씻겨 내리는 정도는 살포량의 1.4~8.2%이었다. Fluazinam의 유출률은 등고선방향 비닐피복구의 경우 1년차 0.14~0.90%, 2년차 0.01~0.04%, 3년차 0.16~0.37%이었고 상하경 비닐피복구 0.47~1.59% 및 등고선방향 무피복구 0.07~1.05%로 경사도에 따라 유출률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 첫 번 유출에 의한 fluazinam의 유출농도는 대부분 10 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ 이하였다. 상하경 비닐피복구를 제외한 토양유실에 의한 fluazinam의 포장외부로의 경사도별 유출률은 10% 경사구와 20% 경사구는 0.00~0.21%이었고 30% 경사구는 0.15~1.05%이었으며, 상하경 비닐피복구의 유실률은 경사도 10%구와 20%구에서 각각 0.47~1.59%와 0.75~1.05%이었다. 농약살포 10일 경과 후 비닐피복부분을 제외한 고추밭 토양 중 fluazinam의 잔류농도는 0.007~0.059 mg $kg^{-1}$이었고 토양반감기 20일의 속도로 소실되어 살포 60일 경과 후에는 0.01 mg $kg^{-1}$ 미만으로 감소하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

얕은 터널에 대한 연구는 종방향 하중전이와 수평지반에 대한 연구가 주를 이루었으며 사면 하부에 위치한 얕은 터널 주변지반의 거동연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사면 하부에 위치한 터널의 종방향 굴진에 따른 터널 주변지반의 거동을 규명하기 위해 변위제어방식으로 모형시험을 실시하였다. 모형터널은 폭 320mm, 높이 210mm, 길이 55mm 규격의 강성이 큰 알루미늄 강체로 제작하였고, 모형지반은 3가지 규격의 탄소봉을 혼합하여 균질한 모형지반을 조성하였다. 모형시험은 사면 경사와 토피고를 변수로 측벽변형을 발생시키는 변위제어방식으로 실시하였으며, 터널 벽체의 하중변화, 터널 주변지반의 하중전이와 지표침하 변화를 측정하고 분석하였다. 지표침하의 변화는 경사가 증가할수록 수평지반보다 20~39%의 증가가 나타났다. 터널 천단부 및 측벽부의 하중 변화는 사면 경사가 증가할수록 천단부는 최대 20%가 증가하고, 측벽부는 사면 경사의 영향으로 하중비가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 연직하중은 토피고가 1.0D 이하에서는 최대 128%의 하중증가가 나타났지만, 토피고가 1.5D 이상에서는 수평지반과 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이것으로 사면 경사는 토피고 1.0D에서 가장 큰 영향이 나타나는 것을 확인하였다.