• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2007

Ong-keun jook(Korean whole rice porridge)is a traditional Korean porridge made with whole rice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gamma-irradiation on the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of rice porridge gamma-irradiation, even at a 1-kGy dose, decreased the total bacteria in cooked rice porridge to lower than the detectable limit($10^2CFU/g$). The viscosity of gamma-irradiated rice porridge was decreased compared to that of control. Upon examination of granule morphology by SEM, cracks were observed on the starch granules in samples irradiated at above 5 kGy. The results of the DSC curve suggest that gamma-irradiation delayed retrogradation of cooked rice porridge. Based on the present results, gamma-irradiation was helpful for developing sterile and tube diets that are needed for ill, old or infant subjects.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 2009

effluents to the environment. The activity of carbon-14, one of the radioactive effluents, in the environment is already high level and its effect on radiation exposure to the public and the environment is insignificant; thus, NPPs did not perform the carbon-14 monitoring in effluents in the past. By the way, effluents of noble gas and particulate radioactive materials originated from nuclear fuels has been continuously reduced due to both the advancement of manufacturing and integrity technology for nuclear fuels and the improvement of operation methods of NPPs. Futhermore, the portion of dose assessment by tritium and carbon-14 to the public has been relatively increased because the lower limit of detection for low-energy beta sources, such as tritium and carbon-14, is low due to the advancement of radiation detection technology. In this paper, the technical background for carbon-14 monitoring in nuclear facilities was investigated using United States technical reports and papers. This paper also reviews whether carbon-14 monitoring is necessary or not based on the investigated documents.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2009

Highly variable drugs (within-subject variability greater than 30%) have been difficult to meet current regulatory acceptance criteria using a reasonable number of study subjects. In this study, we reviewed previous studies presenting alternative approaches for bioequivalence evaluation of highly variable drugs, and focused on an approach for widening the bioequivalence acceptance limits using within-subject variability. We discussed the suggested five solutions for highly variable drug including the deletion of $C_{max}$ of the bioequivalence criteria, direct expansion of bioequivalence limit, multiple dose studies in steady state, bioequivalence assessment on the metabolite, add-on study, and widening the bioequivalence acceptance limits based on reference variability. The methods for widening of bioequivalence limits based on reference variability are scaled average bioequivalence containing within-subject variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{WR}$), population bioequivalence derived from total variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{TR}$) and test drug (${\sigma}_{TT}$), and individual bioequivalence derived from subject by formulation interaction variability (${\sigma}_D$) and within subject variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{WR}$) and test drug (${\sigma}_{TR}$). To apply these methods, the switching variability (${\sigma}_0$) will have to be set by the regulatory authorities. The proposals of bioequivalence evaluation approach for the highly variable in Korea are presented for both of new drug and reevaluation drug.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.313-317
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• 2011

The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization and cellular function in RBL 2H3 cells were investigated. Exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h did not produce any cytotoxic effects in RBL 2H3 cells. Melittin, ionomycin and thapsigargin each dose-dependently increased the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. The increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ induced by these three agents was not affected by exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h in RBL 2H3 cells. To investigate the effect of EMF on exocytosis, we measured beta-hexosaminidase release in RBL 2H3 cells. Basal release of beta-hexosaminidase was $12.3{\pm}2.3%$ in RBL 2H3 cells. Exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h did not affect the basal or $1{\mu}m$ melittin-induced beta-hexosaminidase release in RBL 2H3 cells. This study suggests that exposure to EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT), which is the limit of occupational exposure, has no influence on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization and cellular function in RBL 2H3 cells.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2016

Korea Radioactive Waste Agency (KORAD) began to operate the low and intermediate level radioactive waste disposal facility in Gyeongju and to transport the radioactive waste containing radioactive isotopes from Daejeon to the disposal facility for the first time at 2015. For this radioactive waste transportation, in this study, radiological impact assessment is carried out for workers and public. The dose rate to workers and public during the transportation is estimated with consideration of the transportation scenarios and is compared with the Korean regulatory limit. The sensitivity analysis is carried out by considering both the variation of release ratios of the radioactive isotopes from the waste and the variation of the distances between the radioactive waste drum and worker during loading and unloading of radioactive waste. As for all the transportation scenarios, radiological impacts for workers and public have met the regulatory limits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.471-480
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• 1995

The purpose of this experiment was to develop a simple and reliable HPLC method for the detection of ciprofloxacin in chicken serum and to provide a basic data on pharmacokinetic parameters after oral and intramuscular administration. The results obtained were as follows: 1. 0.2% meta-phosphoric acid: acetonitrile(7:3, v/v) solution had a high and regular recovery rates and was selected as an extraction solution. 2. The recovery rates of ciprofloxacin were 83-97% with the selected solution in chicken serum and the detection limit was 50ng/ml in serum. 3. Ka(abosorption rate constant) were 3.652 1/h in fasted group and 0.880 1/h in non-fasted group, and Ke (elimination rate constant) were 0.061 1/h and 0.133 1/h, respectively. 4. The highest concentration in serum after intramuscular injection was 840ng/ml within 15-30min and 160-324ng/ml in 1.1-3.2 hours after oral administration. 5. The time course of blood concentration fits well into a 2 compartment model. 6. On oral administration of ciprofloxacin with feed, ciprofloxacin was absorbed more slowly and the amount of absorbed was smaller than that of in fasted chickens. 7. Blood concentration of ciprofloxacin increased in a dose-dependent manner after intramusclular and oral administraiton.

• Nano
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1850131.1-1850131.19
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• 2018

In this paper, an electrochemical sensor for epinephrine (EP), a neurotransmitter was developed by anchoring molecularly imprinted polymeric matrix (MIP) on the surface of gold-coated quartz crystal electrode of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) using starch nanoparticles (Starch NP) - reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite as polymeric format for the first time. Use of EP in therapeutic treatment requires proper dose and route of administration. Proper follow-up of neurological disorders and timely diagnosis of them has been found to depend on EP level. The MIP sensor was developed by electrodeposition of starch NP-RGO composite on EQCM electrode in presence of template EP. As the imprinted sites are located on the surface, high specific surface area enables good accessibility and high binding affinity to template molecule. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and piezoelectrogravimmetry were used for monitoring binding/release, rebinding of template to imprinted cavities. MIP-coated EQCM electrode were characterized by contact angle measurements, AFM images, piezoelectric responses including viscoelasticity of imprinted films, and other voltammetric measurements including direct (DPV) and indirect (using a redox probe) measurements. Selectivity was assessed by imprinting factor (IF) as high as 3.26 (DPV) and 3.88 (EQCM). Sensor was rigorously checked for selectivity in presence of other structurally close analogues, real matrix (blood plasma), reproducibility, repeatability, etc. Under optimized conditions, the EQCM-MIP sensor showed linear dynamic ranges ($1-10{\mu}M$). The limit of detection 40 ppb (DPV) and 290 ppb (EQCM) was achieved without any cross reactivity and matrix effect indicating high sensitivity and selectivity for EP. Hence, an eco-friendly MIP-sensor with high sensitivity and good selectivity was fabricated which could be applied in "real" matrices in a facile manner.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

Background: Light-emitting diodes curing unit (LCU), which emit blue light, is used for polymerization of composite resins in many dentistry. Although the use of LCU for light-cured composite resin polymerization is considered safe, it is still controversial whether it can directly or indirectly have harmful biological influences on oral tissues. The aim of this study was to elucidate the biological effects of LCU in wavelengths ranging from 440 to 490 nm, on the cell viability and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells and inflammatory-induced MDPC-23 cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: The MTT assay and observation using microscope were performed on MDPC-23 cells to investigate the cell viability and cytotoxic effects on LCU irradiation. Results: MDPC-23 cells and LPS stimulated MDPC-23 cells were found to have no effects on cell viability and cell morphology in the LCU irradiation. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ which are the pro-inflammatory mediators, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) which are the proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in MCPD-23 cells after LCU irradiation as time increased in comparison with the control. LCU irradiation has the potential to induce inflammation or biological damages in normal dental tissues, including MDPC-23 cells. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to limit the use of LCU except for the appropriate dose and irradiation time. In addition, LCU irradiation of inflammatory-induced MDPC-23 cells by LPS was reduced the secretion of NO compared to the LPS alone treatment group and was significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ in all the time groups. Therefore, LCU application in LPS stimulated MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells has a photodynamic therapy like effect as well as inflammation relief.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2113-2120
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• 2018

Cross-reactive material 197 ($CRM_{197}$) is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin containing a single amino acid substitution of glycine 52 with glutamic acid. $CRM_{197}$ has been used as a carrier protein for poorly immunogenic polysaccharide antigens to improve immune responses. In this study, to develop a sandwich ELISA that can detect $CRM_{197}$ and $CRM_{197}$ conjugate vaccines, we generated a human anti-$CRM_{197}$ monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3F9 using a phage-displayed human synthetic Fab library and produced mouse anti-$CRM_{197}$ polyclonal antibody. The affinity ($K_D$) of 3F9 for $CRM_{197}$ was 3.55 nM, based on Bio-Layer interferometry, and it bound specifically to the B fragment of $CRM_{197}$. The sandwich ELISA was carried out using 3F9 as a capture antibody and the mouse polyclonal antibody as a detection antibody. The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA was <1 ng/ml $CRM_{197}$. In addition, the 3F9 antibody bound to the $CRM_{197}$-polysaccharide conjugates tested in a dose-dependent manner. This ELISA system will be useful for the quantification and characterization of $CRM_{197}$ and $CRM_{197}$ conjugate vaccines. To our knowledge, this study is the first to generate a human monoclonal antibody against $CRM_{197}$ and to develop a sandwich ELISA for $CRM_{197}$ conjugate vaccines.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2003

Proxy signatures are signature schemes in which an original signer delegates her signing capability to a proxy entity, who signs a message on behalf of the original signer. In this paper we propose the ID-based proxy signature schemes using a bilinear map. In the previous R-based proxy signature scheme, the proxy signer can misuse the right of the signing capacity and the public key directory is required. However, by inserting the warrant information such as the identity of the proxy signer and the limit of the signing capacity to the proxy signature, our scheme can prevent the misuse of the proxy key pair by the proxy signer and does not require a public key certificate. Furthermore, our scheme dose not need a secure channel to deliver the warrant. Consequently, the proposed scheme is more efficient and useful than the previous proxy signature schemes.