• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 1984

In brachytherapy, it is important to determine the positions of the radiation sources which are inserted into a patient and to estimate the dose resulting from the treatment. Calculation of the dose distribution throughout an implant is so laborious that it is rarely done by manual methods except for model cases. It is possible to calculate isodose distributions and tumor doses for individual patients by the use of a microcomputer. In this program, the dose rate and dose distributions are calculated by numerical integration of point source and the localization of radiation sources are obtained from two radiographs at right angles taken by a simulator developed for the treatment planning. By using microcomputer for brachytherapy, we obtained the result as following 1. Dose calculation and irradiation time for tumor could be calculated under one or five seconds after input data. 2. It was same value under$\pm2\%$ error between dose calculation by computer program and measurement dose. 3. It took about five minutes to reconstruct completely dose distribution for intracavitary irradiation. 4. Calculating by computer made remarkly reduction of dose errors compared with Quimby's calculation in interstitial radiation implantation. 5. It could calculate the biological isoffect dose for high and low dose rate activities.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 진단용 X선 검사에서 환자에게 피폭되는 두부 및 사지를 다양한 선량 계산법을 통해 실측 선량과 비교 실험하였다. 또한 촬영 장비의 형태, 장비 설정조건, X선의 용량, X선관과 환자와의 거리, X선 후방산란차이 등을 고려한 새로운 계산 방법을 제시하여 피폭선량을 산출하였다. 그 결과 피부입사선량이 기존의 선량 계산법보다 실측과의 오차가 줄어들었으며, 환자가 피폭되는 선량을 쉽게 계산할 수 있었고 의료선량 평가가 이루어지게 되어 방사선 관련 종사자들의 의료 선량 관리가 더욱 수월해지는 계기가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2021

The radiological safety of the spent resin treatment facility with a¹⁴C treatment capacity of 1 ton/day was evaluated in terms of the external and internal exposure of worker according to operation scenario. In terms of external dose, the annual dose for close work for 1 h/day at a distance of more than 1 m (19.8 mSv) satisfied the annual dose limit. For 8 h of close work per day, the annual dose exceeded the dose limit. For remote work of 2000 h/year, the annual dose was 14.4 mSv. Lead shielding was considered to reduce exposure dose, and the highest annual dose during close work for 1 h/day corresponded to 6.75 mSv. For close work of 2000 h/year and lead thickness exceeding 1.5 cm, the highest value of annual dose was derived as 13.2 mSv. In terms of internal exposure, the initial year dose was estimated to be 1.14E+03 mSv when conservatively 100% of the nuclides were assumed to leak. The allowable outflow rate was derived as 7.77E-02% and 2.00E-01% for the average limit of 20 mSv and the maximum limit of 50 mSv, respectively, where the annual replacement of the worker was required for 50 mSv.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

This round of tests in patients with UGI and Esophagography data collected by national and international reference levels based on the original set of guidelines and fluoroscopy, through the provision of medical radiation exposure reduction and further optimization of Defense to realize that is intended. 359 names in our hospital underwent Esophagography 302 patients who underwent UGI average fluoroscopy time and number of images to calculate the average 21 cm Acryl phantom dose for 10 seconds and 20 seconds, average area dose and the area dose of 1 spot image, 5 spot consecutive images by measuring the patient dose and third quartile of the mean area dose was set seonryangin reference dose. Esophagography average patient dose was set to 30.05 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$, DRL was set at a 25.37 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$. Average dose of UGI patients were selected as 45.33 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$, DRL was set at a 34 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$. UGI patients with established average dose recommended in the 2008 national recommendation from the UGI examination with a dose of less than 49.7 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$ seonryangin is evaluated. This Note examines the dose of self-aware through education recognizes the importance of dose reduction and examine if their efforts and further reduce patient dose could achieve optimization of the medical exposure is considered.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1989

본 교실에서 Co-60치료기를 이용한 전신조사에 대한 선량의 측정 및 분석 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 폐부위는 기준되는 복부(24cm)에 비해 두께는 두껍지만(25.6cm) 폐의 낮은 밀도 때문에 6% 정도 더 많은 선량이 측정되어 폐손상이나 폐동맥 합병증의 예방을 위하여 적절한 보상판이 필요함을 시사하였다. 2. inverse square law에 의한 이론치 보다 실제의 측정치는 3% 정도 적게 측정되었다. 3. 머리부위(두께 15.8cm)와 목부위(11.0cm)는 얇은 두께 때문에 10%, 18% 정도 더 많은 선량이 측정되었고, 골반부위(두께 36.0cm)는 12% 정도 더 적은 선량이 측정되어 전신조사시 모든 부위에 등선량을 조사하기 위해서는 적당한 보상판이 필수적임을 시사하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.3-17
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• 1996

방사선 치료분야에서 선량 보상체가 널리 이용되고 있으나, 그 보상효과에 대한 확실한 검증 방법은 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 Missing Tissue 뿐 아니라, Internal Tissue Inhomogeneity 까지 고려한 3차원 보상체를 제작하고, Exit Beam Dose Profile의 측정값과 본 연구에서 고안한 방법으로 기대값을 구해 비교함으로써 보상체의 성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 환자정보는 CT Simulator를 사용하여 얻었고, 보상체 정보는 Render Plan 3-D Planning System을 통해 얻었다. Computer Controlled Milling Machine으로 알루미늄 보상체를 제작해서 보상체가 있는 경우와 없는 경우의 선량 프로파일을 측정하여 비교하였다. 측정은 폴리스티렌 팬톰 사이에 필름을 삽입하여 팬톰 내에서의 실제 선량 분포를 구하고, 필름 카셋트를 이용해서 Exit Beam Dose Profile 을 동시에 얻었다. Oblique Beam, Parallel Opposing Beam, Inhomogeneus Human Phantom에 대해 제작된 보상체가 각각 선량보상 효과가 잘 나타남을 볼 수 있었고, 이 연구에서의 성능확인 방법을 통해 보상체의 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

Amount of radiation exposure by seeing through fluoroscopy examination while is many patient exposure administration and unprepared misgovernment be. In this study, abdominal fluoroscopy during the scan, the dose and image quality change according to the use of grid and added filter optimized by measuring the test condition is proposed. Uses seeing through fluoroscopy examination equipment of Image Intensifier of Easy Diagnost Eleva (Philips), under tube type and uses Human phantom and measures average area dose according to grid insertion existence and nonexistence and added filter kind change. Measure sum of 29 organ dose and effective dose through PCXMC imagination simulation program and image J program through noise, SNR, image distortion was measured. Resolution, sharpness, and analyzed using the MTF curves. Fluorography the grid to insert the filter thickness and thickening and increased the average area dose and organ doses and effective dose. In the case of spot examination, when inserted grid, average area dose and organ dose and effective dose increased. Filter thickens the average area dose decreased, but the organ doses and effective dose were increased when use 0.2mmCu+1mmAl filter, decreased slightly. Noise and SNR measurements without inserting the gird, if you do not use the added filter was the lowest and when measure the distortion, 0.1mmCu+1mmAl filter was no difference of image quality in case insert grid was judged that when did not use occasion added filter that do not use grid, difference of image quality does not exist. Did not show a big difference, according to the grid and uses of the added filter sharpness, and resolution. Patient dose increases with factors that reduce the quality of the image so reckless grid and the use of the added filter when abdominal fluoroscopy examination should be cautious in using.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2018

The indoor radon concentration was measured in the lecture room of the university and the radon concentration was converted to the amount related to the radon exposure using the dose conversion convention and compared with the reference levels for the radon concentration control. The effect of indoor radon inhalation was evaluated by estimating the life effective dose and the risk of exposure. To measure the radon concentration, measurements were made with a radon meter and a dedicated analysis Capture Ver. 5.5 program in a university lecture room from January to February 2018. The radon concentration measurement was carried out for 5 consecutive hours for 24 hours after keeping the airtight condition for 12 hours before the measurement. Radon exposure risk was calculated using the radon dose and dose conversion factor. Indoor radon concentration, radon exposure risk, and annual effective dose were found within the 95% confidence interval as the minimum and maximum boundary ranges. The radon concentration in the lecture room was $43.1-79.1Bq/m^3$, and the maximum boundary range within the 95% confidence interval was $77.7Bq/m^3$. The annual effective dose was estimated to be 0.20-0.36 mSv/y (mean 0.28 mSv/y). The life-time effective dose was estimated to be 0.66-1.18 mSv (mean $0.93{\pm}0.08mSv$). Life effective doses were estimated to be 0.88-0.99 mSv and radon exposure risk was estimated to be 12.4 out of 10.9 per 100,000. Radon concentration was measured, dose effective dose was evaluated using dose conversion convention, and degree of health hazard by indoor radon exposure was evaluated by predicting radon exposure risk using nominal hazard coefficient. It was concluded that indoor living environment could be applied to other specific exposure situations.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권9호
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2018

Accurate measurement of the absorbed dose and the effective dose is required in dental panoramic radiography involving relatively low energy with a rotational X-ray tube system using long exposures. To determine the effectiveness of measuring the irradiation by using passive dosimetry, we compared the entrance skin doses by using a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPL) and an optically stimulated luminescence detector (OSL) in a phantom model consisting of nine and 31 transverse sections. The parameters of the panoramic device were set to 80 kV, 4 mA, and 12 s in the standard program mode. The X-ray spectrum was applied in the same manner as the panoramic dose by using the SpekCalc Software. The results indicated a mass attenuation coefficient of $0.008226cm^2/g$, and an effective energy of 34 keV. The equivalent dose between the RPL and the OSL was calculated based on a product of the absorbed doses. The density of the aluminum attenuators was $2.699g/cm^3$. During the panoramic examination, tissue absorption doses with regard to the RPL were a surface dose of $75.33{\mu}Gy$ and a depth dose of $71.77{\mu}Gy$, those with regard to the OSL were surface dose of $9.2{\mu}Gy$ a depth dose of $70.39{\mu}Gy$ and a mean dose of $74.79{\mu}Gy$. The effective dose based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 tissue weighting factor for the RPL were $0.742{\mu}Sv$, $8.9{\mu}Sv$, $2.96{\mu}Sv$ and those for the OSL were $0.754{\mu}Sv$, $9.05{\mu}Sv$, and $3.018{\mu}Sv$ in the parotid and sublingual glands, orbit, and thyroid gland, respectively. The RPL was more effective than the OSL for measuring the absorbed radiation dose in low-energy systems with a rotational X-ray tube.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2021

Although intra oral dental x-ray is a lower dose than other radiological examinations, pediatric patients are known to have a higher risk of radiation damage than adults. For this reason, pediatric dental x-ray requires management of dose evaluation and imaging conditions during the examination. In this study, the dose calculation program ALARA-Dental(child/adult) was used to evaluate the organ dose and effective dose exposed to each examination site during intra oral imaging of children during dental radiographic examination, and dose analysis according to the imaging conditions was performed. As a result, the highest organ dose distribution was shown at 0.044 ~ 0.097 mGy in all are as of the mucous membrane of oral cavity except for the maxillary incisors and canines. Also, in the case of the thyroid gland, the maxillary canine and maxillary premolar examination showed 0.027 and 0.020 mGy, respectively, and the dose distribution was 15.4% to 70.0% higher than that of the mandibular examination. As for the effective dose calculated during intra oral imaging, the maxillary anterior and canine examinations showed the highest effective doses of 0.005 and 0.004 mSv, respectively, and the maxillary area examination showed a higher dose distribution on average than the mandible.