• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.537-543
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to investigate structural stability of extensive laminectomy and the effect of subcutaneous fat autograft on restricting formation of postlaminectomy membrane (fibrous tissue). Eighteen healthy dogs of both sexes and of mixed breeding were divided into 6 groups : (1) unilateral hemilaminectomy (group H) on 3rd, 4th and 7th vertebrae ; (2) modified dorsal laminectomy (group D) on 3rd, 4th and 7th vertebrae. Hemilaminectomies were carried out incontinuously at 16 sites in 4 dogs, then subcutaneous fat autografts (group F) were applied to 8 laminectomy sites and no treatment (group C) was assigned to 8 laminectomy sites, too. Operating time of group H ($30.9{\pm}10.4$ minutes) was significantly shorter (p<0.05) than that of group D ($43.1{\pm}12.2$ minutes), but surgical hemorrhage of group H is severer than that of group D. General states, such as standing, gait, defecation and urination, were normal. Upper motor neuron/lower motor neuron signs were not found and superficial/deep pain, proprioception and anal sphincter tone were normal. Gross postmortem findings were similar in all groups. The laminectomy sites of groups H and D were filled with fibous connective tissue at 4 months after operation and histopathological abnormalities of spinal cord were not found. One of eight laminectomy sites in group F was filled with fibrous tissue at 2 months after operation, but all operating sites of group C were covered with fibrous tissue. The present study indicated that extensive laminectomy on 7 vertebrae, using unilateral hemilaminectomy and modified dorsal laminectomy technique, maintained structural stability and subcutaneous fat autograft was effective on reducing the formation of fibrous membrane in laminectomy sites.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.217-220
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• 2010

A 73-year-old male presented with a rare dorsally sequestrated lumbar disc herniation manifesting as severe radiating pain in both leg, progressively worsening weakness in both lower extremities, and urinary incontinence, suggesting cauda equina syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested the sequestrated disc fragment located in the extradural space at the L4-L5 level had surrounded and compressed the dural sac from the lateral to dorsal sides. A bilateral decompressive laminectomy was performed under an operating microscope. A large extruded disc was found to have migrated from the ventral aspect, around the thecal sac, and into the dorsal aspect, which compressed the sac to the right. After removal of the disc fragment, his sciatica was relieved and the patient felt strength of lower extremity improved.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2021

A 6-year-old, 26 kg spayed female Great Dane presented with back pain and hindlimb paresis. On neurological examination, severe pain was detected on the lumbosacral joint displaying nerve-root signature. The animal presented with lower motor neuron paresis with normal deep pain perception. Radiographic examination revealed narrowing of the lumbosacral joint disc space with endplate destructive lysis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral joint revealed a cauda equina compression, especially on the left. On T2 and T1-weighted images, a mass sized 1 × 1 cm was identified laterally to the left of the lumbosacral joint with hyperintense signal. The lumbosacral joint was stabilized by applying the dorsal distraction fixation-fusion technique and dorsal laminectomy. The soft tissue mass was removed, and a bacterial culture was performed. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were detected and discospondylitis was treated with clindamycin for 6 weeks. The patient showed clinical improvement without pain and hindlimb paresis until 6 months follow-up postoperatively.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1999

Background & Objectives : In cerebral palsy, spastic paraplegia is one of the most crippling motor manifestations. Reducing the spasticity may improve gait and decrease the incidence of lower-extremity deformities. The spasticity may result from abnormally increased afferent signals via dorsal roots onto interneurons and anterior horn and spreading of reflex activation to other muscle groups. To assess the influence of dorsal rhizotomy to spasticity, the authors analyzed five cerebral palsy patients with spastic paraplegia. Methods : The operation entailed and L1-2 laminectomy, ultrasonographic localization of conus medullaris and identification of lumbosacral dorsal roots. The innervation patterns of each dorsal root were examined by electromyography (EMG) responses to electrical stimulation. Tetanic stimulation was applied to individual rootlets of each root after reflex threshold was determined. the reflex responses were graded and rootlets producing high grade response were selected and cut. Short-term postoperative evaluations were performed. Results : Intraoperative EMG monitoring was satisfactorily performed in all five cases. One month after the operations, all patients showed greatly reduced spasticity which was measured by the instrumental gait analysis. Bilateral knee and ankle jerks were normalized and tip-toe gait with scissoring disappeared in all patients. Conclusion : Intraoperative EMG monitoring seems useful for the selective dorsal rhizotomy to reduce spasticity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.238-246
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• 2021

Objective : To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and surgical experience of 10 adults with spinal extradural meningeal cysts (SEMCs) in the thoracolumbar spine which may further provide evidence for surgical decision-making. Methods : Ten adults with SEMCs in the thoracolumbar spine were surgically treated and enrolled in this study. Clinical manifestations, imaging data, intraoperative findings and postoperative outcome were recorded. Results : Clinical manifestations of SEMCs included motor and sensory dysfunction of the lower limbs and urination and defecation disturbance. The cysts presented as intraspinal occupying lesions dorsal to the spine, ranging from the T8 to L3 level. Defects of eight cases were found on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Selective hemilaminectomy or laminectomy were used to reveal the defect within the cyst, which was further sutured with microscopic technique. The final outcome was excellent or good in seven cases and fair in three cases. No recurrence was observed during follow-up. Conclusion : SEMCs are rare intraspinal cystic lesions. Radiography and MRI are clinically practical methods to assess defects within SEMCs. Selective hemilaminectomy or laminectomy may reduce surgical trauma. Detection and microscopic suturing of the defects are the key steps to adequately decompress the nervous tissue and prevent postoperative recurrence.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.358-364
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• 2010

Objective : Morphometric data on dorsal cervical anatomy were examined in an effort to protect the nerve root near the lateral mass during posterior foraminotomy. Methods : Using 25 adult formalin-fixed cadaveric cervical spines, measurements were taken at the lateral mass from C3 to C7 via a total laminectomy and a medial one-half facetectomy. The morphometric relationship between the nerve roots and structures of the lateral mass was investigated. Results from both genders were compared. Results : Following the total laminectomy, from C3 to C7, the mean of the vertical distance from the medial point of the facet (MPF) of the lateral mass to the axilla of the root origin was 3.2-4.7 mm. The whole length of the exposed root had a mean of 4.2-5.8 mm. Following a medial onehalf facetectomy, from C3 to C7, the mean of the vertical distance to the axilla of the root origin was 2.1-3.4 mm, based on the MPF. Mean vertical distances from the MPF to the medial point of the root that crossed the inferior margin of the intervertebral disc were 1.2-2.7 mm. The mean distance of the exposed root was 8.2-9.0 mm, and the mean angle between the dura and the nerve root was significantly different between males and females, at $53.4-68.4^{\circ}$. Conclusion : These data will aid in reducing root injuries during posterior cervical foraminotomy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

Purpose: To investigate temporal changes in IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn (DH) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a rat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) model. Methods: Autologous nucleus pulposus, harvested from the tail disc between the second and third coccygeal vertebrae (Co2-3), was implanted next to the left L5 nerve root just proximal to the DRG after partial laminectomy. IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression was investigated in DRG and DH in our LDH model. Real-time PCR assays were done using a 7500 Real Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results: Expression of IL-1${\beta}$ in DRG and DH was observed for 30 days postoperatively. Expression of IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA in the ipsilateral DRG of the LDH group gradually increased from 5 to 30 days after surgery. The amount of IL-1${\beta}$ in the contralateral DRG peaked 10 days after surgery and then gradually decreased. However, there was no difference in IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression in spinal DH between the LDH group and the sham-operated group. Conclusion: Long-term expression of IL-1${\beta}$ in the LDH model may worsen the chronic pain state. Future studies on inhibition of IL-1${\beta}$ expression in the LDH model will be needed to develop selective treatment strategies for patients with LDH.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.377-380
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• 2017

An 8-year-old, shih-tzu female dog was referred due to neurological signs including paraparesis and back pain. On the complete blood count, hematologic analysis showed elevated leukocytosis. Serum biochemical analysis revealed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and C-reactive protein concentration. On the neurologic exam, the dog was suspected to have thoracolumbar myelopathy. On magnetic resonance imaging, there were masses within the spinal canal at L1-3 intervertebral disc space that were located dorsal to spinal cord. It was hyperintense on T1-, T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and fat suppression images. The contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed no enhancement. The lesions were well circumscribed. The spinal cord was compressed and displaced ventrally by the mass. After removal of the masses via L1-L3 dorsal laminectomy, pyogranulomatous inflammation was confirmed by histopathological examination. Six months after surgery, the dog recovered uneventfully and remained fully ambulatory with no neurological deficits. This case demonstrates the utility of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of spinal canal pyogranulomatous inflammation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.279-284
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• 2000

A 3.5kg, 3-year-old castrated male Japanese domestic cat withpelvic limb ataxia and dysuria was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center of the Tokyo University. On the neurologic examination findings, both pelivic had a LMN paresis. The cat was FeLV positive and FIV negative. Radiographic findings did not identify the spinal lesions. In magnetic resonance images(MRI) of the lumbar spinal cord, the cat had the lesions in the lumbar(L) 1 and L3, characterized by hyperintensity on a transverse T2-weighted and T1-weighted images, and contrast enhancement was evident. The mass removed by dorsal laminectomy. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed spinal lymphoma. Three weeks after the surgery, the cat administered chemotherapy protocol for lymphoma by current protocol. Two weeks after chemotherapy, the cat had a metastasis to bone marrow and died.