• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 1998

Progesterone을 함유하고 있는 CIDR(Controlled Internal Drug Release)의 질내삽 입은 황체기를 인위적으로 연장시킬 수 있다. CIDR의 삽입이,삽입시 존재했던 우세난포 (dominant follicle)의 반응과 난포의 발육반응 그리고 2회 또는 3회의 난포주기를 가지고 있는 처려우에서 CIDR의 삽입기간동안 난포의 성장 및 발육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 비교검 토하기 위하여 배란후 16일째의 처녀우 4마리에 7일동안 CIDR를 삽입하였다. CIDR의 삽입 은 발정의 발현을 억제시켰으며 그리고 발정주기의 길이를 정상 발정주기보다 유의성있게 연 장시켰다($26.3{\pm} 0.5 vs 20.8{\pm}$ 1.5일, p<0.05). CIDR의 삽입시 혈장 progesterone 농도는 $3.6{\pm}$ 2.7 ng/ml 이었으며, 17일과 23일 사이에는 2.1-4.4 ng/ml($3.6{\pm}1.2 ng/ml$) 사이를 유지했다. 혈 장 estradiol-179의 농도는 난포의 발육 및 배란전 배란난포의 성숙을 나타내는 특징적인 변화 양상을 나타래었다. 4마리의 처녀우중 2마리는 CIDR 삽입전 발정주기당 2회의 난포주기를 가진 반면, 나머지 2마리는 주기당 3회의 난포주기를 가졌다. 그렇지만 CIDR의 삽입기간동안 모든 처녀우는 주기당 3회의 발정주기를 가졌다. CIDR의 삽입전 발정주기당 3회의 난포주기 를 갖는 처녀우에서 CRR의 삽입은 세 번째 난포주기에서 배란성 우세난포의 우세기 (dominant phase)를 연장시켰다. 3회의 난포주기를 갖는 2마리에서 CIDR의 삽입후 배란난포 는 존속시간과 우세기가 유의성있게 연장되었다. CIDR의 삽입전 발정주기당 2회의 난포주기 를 갖는 다른 2마리의 처녀우에서 CIDR의 삽입후 우세난포는 곧바로 퇴행되었고 새로운 난 포주기를 형성하였으며, 우세난포의 우세기와 배란난포의 존속기간을 연장시키지 않았다. CRR의 삽입은 CIDR의 삽입후 이어지는 발정주기동안 난포의 발육 및 성장에 영향을 미치 지 않았으며 발정주기의 길이, 난포주기, 혈장 progesterone 및 estradiol-179 농도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결과적으로 황체기 후반부에 CIDR의 삽입은 CIDR삽입전 발정주기동안 3회 의 난포주기를 갖는 처녀우에서 배란성 우세난포의 발육과 배란까지의 기간을 연장시켰고 2회 난포주기를 갖는 처녀우에서는 우세난포를 곧바로 퇴행시킨후, 새로운 난포주기를 형성 하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1989

Steroid hormone profiles during luteal phase of clomiphene citrate(CC)/human menopausal gonadotropin(hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles and of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/hMG/hCG-stimulated IVF cycles were compared. In seventy three cycles stimulated with CC/hMG/hCG regimen, follicles were aspirated during exploratory laparotomy and yielded 7 pregnancies, and in 83 cycles stimulated with FSH/hMG/hCG regimen, follicles were aspirated by laparoscope and made 13 pregnancies. Serum estradiol($E_2$) and progesterone($P_4$) levels were determined on days 2, 5, 7, and 9 after follicle aspiration. The FSH/hMG/hCG regimen was more effective than the CC/hMG/hCG regimen in folliculogenesis, ie, ovarian stimulation, follicular phase $E_2$ peak levels, oocyte maturation, and the number of retrieved oocytes. There was no significant difference between luteal serum $P_4/E_2$ ratio of the two regimens, suggesting that secretory endometrial build-up ability for implantation may not differ each other. Several significant correlations were observed between follicular phase seum $E_2$ peak levels and luteal phase serum $E_2$ and $P_4$ levels in the FSH/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles but any correlation was not significant in the CC/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles, suggesting that somewhat more follicles may eventually fall in atresia even after attaining dominant stage in the CC/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles than the FSH/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2002

우리나라 동해안에 가장 많이 서식하는 조개류인 대복의 정소구조와 정자형성과정을 광학현미경과 투과전자현미경으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대복의 정소는 소성결합조직으로 구성된 다수의 정자형성 소낭을 가진다. 동일한 정자형성 소낭 내에서는 여러 단계의 생식세포들이 관찰되었다. 정원세포들은 정자형성 소낭벽에 부착되어 있으며, 커다란 핵과 뚜렷한 인을 가진다. 정모세포에서는 연접사복합체와 골기체의 발달을 확인할 수 있었다. 정세포의 핵은 전자밀도가 높은 과립상의 염색질로 구성되며, 정자변태과정 동안에 핵의 응축 및 첨체와 편모의 형성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 정소 내에서 완숙 정자들은 다발을 형성하고 있으며, 두부, 중편, 미부로 구성되어 있었다. 두부의 길이는 약 $8.5{\mu}m$로, 첨체부와 핵 부위로 구분된다. 첨체는 길이 약 $1.1{\mu}m$의 총알형태였다. 두부와 첨체 사이에서는 미세섬유로 구성된 첨체기둥이 확인되었다. 중편에는 4개의 미토콘드리아를 가지며, 꼬리의 횡단면은 "9+2"의 구조를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2012

For horse breeders or managers, it is critical to understand the estrous cycle of mares. Breeding of mares cannot be successfully achieved throughout the whole year as mares breed seasonally. Mares are only able to breed when day length is more than 16 h, and this period is known as the breeding season. Their estrous cycle is approximately 21 days with 5-7 days of estrus and 14 to 15 days of a diestrus period. The estrous cycle of the mare is mainly controlled by gonadotropins, which control follicular development and ovulation. Mares exhibit unique ovulatory events which are not observed in other species. A LH surge occurs for several days, with levels of LH reaching their peak after ovulation. The LH level at the time of LH peak is lower than most other species. The unique anatomical structure of the ovaries of mares is known to limit the number of eggs ovulated. Several attempts have been made to develop chemical/hormonal agents which might be used to manipulate the timed ovulation of mares. Agents that have been tested include hCG, native GnRH, Deslorelin (Ovuplant, GnRH-agonist), Buserelin (GnRH analogue), equine pituitary extracts and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG or PMSG). However, the function, purity or stability of these agents is not reliable. Recombinant equine LH, an alternative agent for the timed ovulation, has been developed and tested for its biological activities, through the use of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The reLH was suggested to be a reliable agent in inducing ovulation within 48 h after being administered through injection, when the size of dominant follicle is 35 mm in diameter.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.112-112
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• 2002

Under normal conditions, women produce a single dominant follicle that participates in a single ovuation each menstrual cycle. But Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) conditions, folliculogenesis does not proceed normally. This condition leads to the accumlation of large numbers of small graffian follicles in which the theca interstitial cells (TIC) produce abnormally large amounts of androgen. PCOS is probably the most common endocrine disorder, affecting women of reprodutive age with 5-10% prevalence estimate. Chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, obesity, infertility and polycystic ovaries are clinical hallmarks of women with PCOS. Its etiology remains unknown. To investigate the gene expression pattern of ovary in PCO-induced rat, we used cDNA expression analysis. Total RNA was extracted from the ovary of PCO-induced rat and reverse-transcribed in the presence of［$\alpha$$^{32}$P］-dATP Which were hybridized to Atlas$^{TM}$ Rat Toxicology 1.2 array (Clontech) representing approximately 1176 rat genes. We compared gene expression between ovary of pco-induced immature female rats and control. Differential gene expression profiles were revealed (LIFR-alpha, ADRA1A, Heat shock 90-kDa protein A, PDGFRA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to validate the relative expression pattern obtained by the cDNA array. The precise relationship between the altered expression of genes and PCO is a matter of further investigation. This study was supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF)

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2004

Runx2는 runt gene family에 속하는 전사조절 인자로써 뼈의 형성과 골아세포의 분화에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. Runx2-haploinsufficency는 쇄골의 저형성 및 두개 봉합의 지연을 특징으로 하는 쇄골두개 이형성증을 일으키며, 치아에 있어서는 법랑질의 저형성, 영구치 맹출지연 등을 보인다. 이에, 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 Runx2의 영향을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 4, 7, 14, 21일 된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시하였다. Runx2-full length는 태생 1일과 4일에 치낭 및 그 주위조직에 보이지만 Runx2-typeII는 보이지 않았다 Runx2-full length는 태생 7일에 치관 교합면 부위의 법랑모세포에 발현하였고, 1주일 후인 태생 14일에는 백악법랑경계 상방의 치관인접면 법랑모세포에서 발현되었다. 이에 반해 Runx2-typeII는 법랑모세포에서 발현하지 않았다. 또한 태생 21일에서는 두 가지 이성질체가 모두 하악골에서 발현을 보였다 이런 결과를 종합해볼 때, Runx2-full length는 치아의 맹출과 연관이 있으며, 법랑모세포의 분화 및 이로 인한 법랑질형성에 영향을 주지만 Runx2-typeII는 하악골의 형성에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.659-662
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• 2007

Purpose: Multiple skin leiomyoma and uterine myoma bearing autosomal dominant traits are benign smooth muscle tumors which originate in skin or female uterus. Skin leiomyoma occurs after gene mutation originating from arrector pili muscle of hair follicle where its clinical manifestations vary significantly from person to person. Our department hereby reports the histological findings and genetic evaluations of this very rare disease. Methods: A 57-year-old woman presented in our institute with multiple tumors in the left and central parts of her back that started to appear since 19 years ago. The patient was diagnosed as having uterine myoma 15 years ago and underwent hysterectomy. Biopsy has been done on the specimen, and genomic DNA was separated from Fumarate hydratase gene for it to go through PCR amplification. The results of PCR amplification were aligned by sequencer. Results: According to the results of biopsy, tumor cells were spindle-shaped and were aligned in a bundle where there was no dysplasia or mitosis. Moreover, these cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with elongated nucleus, and benign leiomyoma that showed positive reactions to SMA stain were found. In genetic examination, mutations such as heterozygous single nucleotide substitutions were found in alignments of amplified DNA. Conclusion: Multiple skin leiomyoma and uterine myoma are relatively uncommon diseases that are transmitted through autosomally dominant traits from genetic mutations. When a patient's chief complaint lies upon skin-colored or brown masses that occur in multiples appearing in the trunk or extremities with characteristic clinical symptoms and histological findings, and when the patient's family history is acknowledged such as skin or uterine leiomyoma or renal tumor, necessary genetic examination on multiple skin leiomyoma and uterine myoma could be done, and thereby precise diagnosis could also be made.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the changes of follicular fluid (FF) and serum levels of cerebellin precursor protein 1 (cbln1) and betatrophin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. Methods: Twenty infertile women with PCOS and 20 control women diagnosed as poor responders undergoing ovarian stimulation with a GnRH antagonist were included. Blood samples were obtained during ovum pick-up. Follicular fluid from a dominant follicle was collected from the subjects. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, FF and serum levels of cbln1 and betatrophin were measured in both groups of participants. Metabolic and hormonal parameters were also determined and correlated with each other. Results: Both groups of women had similar serum and FF betatrophin levels ($55.0{\pm}8.9ng/mL$ vs. $53.1{\pm}10.3ng/mL$, p=0.11). The serum and FF betatrophin levels of poor responders were found to be similar ($49.9{\pm}5.9ng/mL$ vs. $48.9{\pm}10.7ng/mL$, p=0.22). Conversely, the FF cbln1 levels of PCOS women were found to be significantly higher than the serum cbln1 levels ($589.1{\pm}147.6ng/L$ vs. $531.7{\pm}74.3ng/L$, p<0.02). The FF cbln1 levels of control participants without PCOS were significantly higher than their serum cbln1 levels ($599.3{\pm}211.5ng/L$ vs. $525.3{\pm}87.0ng/L$, p=0.01). Positive correlations were detected among body mass index, insulin resistance, serum insulin, total testosterone, and betatrophin levels in the PCOS group. Conclusion: Follicular fluid betatrophin and cbln1 concentrations may play a pivotal role on follicular growth in PCOS subjects undergoing IVF/ICSI with an antagonist protocol.