• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.813-819
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• 2007

Physicochemical and sensory properties of sponge cakes using 2 kinds of domestic wheat flour(white flour, whole wheat flour) and imported cake flour were investigated. In the proximate analysis, white flour had higher contents of water and protein compared with those of imported flour. Whole wheat flour had the highest contents of protein, lipid and ash. Regarding the batter, imported flour sample showed lower specific gravity and higher viscosity than those of domestic flour sample, implying that there was more air incorporation and higher batter stability. As a result, imported flour batter produced larger cake compared to that of domestic flour batter. But indexes of symmetry and uniformity showed no significant difference among the samples. In textural analysis using rheometer, cakes with imported flour were softer compared with that with domestic flour. In gumminess and brittleness, cakes with domestic white flour showed the highest value while that with the imported flour showed the lowest value. For the color measurements of cake crumb, no significant difference in DE was found among the samples. Regarding the cross-sections of the cake observed using SEM, imported flour produced cake with smaller and more even air cells compared to that with the domestic flour cake. In sensory evaluation, cakes with the domestic white flour showed the highest moistness value. But there was no significant difference in springiness, firmness, adhesiveness and ease of swallow among the samples. In conclusion, cakes with domestic white flour and whole wheat flour were as good as that with imported cake flour for the sponge cake preparation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2014

The physicochemical characteristics of 4 domestic wheat flour products were compared to those of 4 imported wheat flour products marketed in Korea. The contents of moisture, ash, protein, total dietary fiber (TDF), color (L, a, b), whiteness, solvent retention capacity (SRC), water absorption index (WAI), water soluble index (WSI), pasting characteristics by rapid visco analyzer (RVA), and principle component analysis (PCA) were analyzed. The domestic wheat flour products were composed of higher content in ash and protein, compared to the imported wheat flour products. The domestic wheat flour products had lower SRC and WSI characteristics than the imported wheat flour products. The values of lactic acid SRC (LASRC) in the imported wheat flour products showed an increasing trend as the protein content increased. The differences in viscosity were observed in the domestic wheat flour products. However, no major significant differences of viscosity were found among the imported wheat flour products. The result of PCA showed a consistent trend in the imported wheat flour (strong, medium, and weak), while a consistent trend was not shown in the domestic wheat flour products. Therefore, further research is needed to standardize the different types of domestic wheat flour products.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

In this study, consumer acceptance and sensory intensity evaluations were performed on sponge cakes prepared with domestic and imported cake flours. Specific volume data as well as cross-sectional photograph observations confirmed that the imported flour sample group had greater volume than the domestic flour groups. The imported flour sample group also had a significantly (p<0.05) higher mean overall acceptability score at 5.82; however, it was not significantly different from the domestic white flour sample group (5.40). There was no significant difference in overall texture acceptance between samples prepared with imported and domestic white flours; however, their scores were significantly higher than that of the domestic whole flour group (p<0.05). Consumer acceptances of color significantly decreased as the orders of cake group prepared using the imported, domestic white, and domestic whole flours with the values of 6.48, 5.72 and 4.61, respectively (p<0.05). Acceptance of the air cell and the acceptance and intensity of sweetness did not show significant differences between the imported and domestic white flour group.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

Physicochemical and consumer acceptance properties of bread baking prepared with 100% domestic and imported flour and mixtures of the two flours by 50% to 50% were investigated in this study. Quality changes of the breads during storage at $1^{\circ}C$ were also evaluated. Volume of bread made of the mixtures of flour showed significantly higher values than the other two samples. Hardness of bread made with domestic flour had significantly higher value than that of control on the first day of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. However, mixture sample showed significantly higher value than that of control after the third day of storage. Consumer acceptance test indicated that the bread prepared with 50% imported and 50% domestic flour were not significantly different from the bread prepared with 100% imported flour.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2016

본 연구는 우리 밀을 피자반죽의 제조에 적용함으로서 메뉴의 다양화를 달성하고자 하였으며, 우리밀 피자반죽의 이화학 그리고 관능 특성을 통해 식품가공학적 기초 연구를 수행하고 적용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 우리밀과 수입밀을 배합비를 달리하여 제조한 피자반죽은 조단백질과 조회분의 함량, 색택에서 유의적인 차이가 있었으나 기기적으로 측정한 텍스처에서는 차이가 없었다. 묘사분석을 통해 피자반죽에 관한 23개의 묘사 용어를 도출하였으며, 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 표면의 바삭함, 표면의 부드러움, 거침, 쫄깃함에서만 우리밀과 수입밀간의 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 또한 주성분분석 결과, 제1주성분(37.4%)의 (-)에서 (+)으로 우리밀의 배합량에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 다만 우리밀을 피자에 적용하기 위해서는 기호도 검사, 다양한 토핑과 소스의 적용 등 추가적인 실험이 있어야 할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2001

Baking properties of Korean domestic wheat flour supplemented with pine pollen powder were investigated. Farinographic characteristics showed that the addition of pine pollen increased water absorption without any changes in dough development time and stability of dough in comparison with control. A higher gelatinization temperature and a lower maximum viscosity of dough on amylogram were observed with pine pollen powder addition. The addition of pine pollen powder showed decrease in redness and increases in lightness and yellowness of bread crumb. A significant increase in bread volume was observed as the pine pollen powder added more. Springiness. cohesiveness and resilience of bread were increased by pine pollen powder. Sensory evaluation of bread showed that the addition of pine pollen powder, especially at the level of 1%, enhanced color, mouth feeling, bleak and appearance without significant reduction of overall acceptability.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2003

국산밀의 제분시 생성되는 밀기울(총 식이섬유 42%)을 밀가루에 $0{\sim}30%4 첨가함에 따라 반죽과 yeast 발효빵의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 고식이섬유빵의 소재로 활용하였다. 밀가루에 첨가하는 국내산 밀기울의 양이 증가함에 따라 amylograph 최고점도와 set back은 감소하였으며, mixograph에 의한 반죽의 리을로지 특성에서 peak height는 증가한 반면에 mixing time은 감소하는 경향이었다. 밀기울의 첨가는 빵의 부피를 현저히 낮추고 crumb grain, 텍스쳐 등 관능특성에서 빵의 품질을 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났다. 밀기울의 첨가에 의해 빵은 L 값이 감소하여 어두워졌으며, crumb의 a 와 b값은 증가하여 적색과 황색의 색조를 부여하였다. 빵의 부피와 관능검사 측정 결과에 따라 국내산 밀기울의 적정 첨가수준은 약 15%까지인 것으로 판단되었다. 15% 밀기울 첨가빵은 대조구 빵에 비해 경도가 2배 이상 높았으며 $5^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에 5일간 저장실험에서 저장 $2{\sim}3$일에 급격한 경도의 증가를 보여주었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2017

용도별 두류가루 제품의 품질기준 설정을 위해 시중에 유통되고 있는 두류가루 제품을 수집하여 품질 특성을 분석한 결과, 주원료의 산지는 국산은 23제품, 수입산은 19제품이었고, 백태가 주원료로 조사되었다. 제품의 가격은 국산이 수입산에 비해 생콩가루의 경우, 3.48배, 볶음콩가루의 경우는 3.34배, 녹두가루는 3.47배로 비쌌다. 국산 제품의 경우, 명도는 생콩가루가 볶음 콩가루에 비해 높았으며, 적색도와 황색도는 볶음 콩가루가 생콩가루에 비해 높았다. 수분함량은 생콩가루가 볶음 콩가루에 비해 높았으며, 조지방, 조단백질, 탄수화물 함량은 수입산 볶음 콩가루에서 높았다. 녹두의 회분과 조단백질 함량은 국산이 수입산에 비해 약간 높았다. 국산 콩가루 제품의 수분결합력은 볶음 콩가루가 생콩가루보다 높았으며, 용해도와 팽윤력은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 시중유통 두류가루 제품의 품질 특성 간의 상관관계는 용해도를 제외하고 측정한 항목간에 높은 유의성을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.996-1008
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• 2009

In this study, domestic wheat flour was used to develop a native sourdough suitable for the Korean environment, in an attempt to replace the sourdough starter that are currently available in local markets and used to prepare sourdough breads. Nine kinds of domestic wheat flour (available at local market) were examined and to characterized according to their general ingredients, gluten contents, colorimetry data and mixograph measurement. In addition, the flour were used to make sourdough starters that were assessed for pH, TTA, and fermentation rate from which an optimal sourdough starter could be chosen. This study also compared the product characteristics breads prepared from the with one another by adding extracted sourdough starters. In order to analyze the quality characteristics of the breads, a comparative analysis was conducted through on data for dough fermentation rate, specific volume, texture analyses, colorimetry, water activity and sensory tests. According to the results, the sourdough starters KWF 3, KWF 4 and KWF 5 scored well in evaluations for gluten content, wheat flour characteristics and pH, and were deemed the most optimal starters. To characterize the sourdough breads prepared from KWF 3, KWF 4, and KWF 5, their quality characteristics were analyzed and then compared to those sourdough bread (control group) prepared using a sourdough starter made from imported wheat flour. According to the comparative analysis of the quality characteristics, KWF 4 had the largest volume and specific volume, but had the lowest textural hardness, indicating the softest texture of overall. According to sensory tests, the bread prepared from KWF 4 was significantly more preferred than the other specimens.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.695-703
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• 2014

Daebong persimmon puree (DPP) prepared from removing the astringency of persimmon was used as a substitute for water when making the dough of white pan bread using domestic wheat flour, and the resulting, quality characteristics were investigated. The moisture content of DPP was 96.69%, and the dough was made by various levels of substitution of DPP for water (0, 10, 30, 50 and 100%). During fermentation, the expansion power of the dough decreased with increasing DPP levels (p<0.05). The volume, specific volume, baking loss, and the L and ${\Delta}E$ values of the crust and crumb of the breads also decreased with increasing DPP levels. The hardness and chewiness of the bread containing 100% DPP (without water) showed the highest values, but the springiness, cohesiveness and resilience showed the opposite trends. In the difference tests, all attributes except air cell uniformity were significantly different (p<0.05). Bread made with 100% substitution of DPP for water achieved the highest scores for flavor, taste and overall acceptability.