• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 1999

배경: 흉부대동맥 수술에 사용하는 헤파린 우회도관의 국산화를 위해, 헤파린 표면처리기법 중 물리분산법을 이용하여 제작한 우회도관의 동물실험을 통해 혈전저항성 및 안정성을 증명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 성견 21마리(17.5∼25 kg)를 대상으로 하행흉부대동맥 우회모델을 만들었다. 사용한 우회도관의 종류에 따라 무처리 우회도관군(CONTROL; n=3), 무처리 우회도관 및 전신 헤파린 처치군(HEPARIN; n=6), Gott 헤파린 우회도관군(GOTT; n=6), 국산 헤파린 우회도관군(KIST; n=6)로 분류하였다. 관찰지표는 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 신장 및 간기능검사, 표면전자현미경 소견 등이었다. 각 지표는 우회도관의 원위부 대동맥 혈액에서 검사하여 우회 전과 우회 후 2시간 째의 군내 변화와군간 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 관찰지표의 우회 전 기초치는 군간에 차이가 없었다. 말초혈액검사 중 혈소판치는 HEPARIN군과 GOTT군에서 유의하게 높아졌으나(p<0.05) 군간 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 기타 혈구세포의 변화는 각 군에서 군내변화와 군간차이가 유의하지 않았다. Activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time은 HEPARIN군에서 현저히 증가하였고(p<0.05) 군간차이도 유의하였다(p<0.005). Prothrombin time은 GOTT군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<0.05) 군간차이는 없었다. Fibrinogen은 각 군에서 군내변화와 군간차이가 유의하지 않았다. Antithrombin III는 HEPARIN군과 KIST군에서 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.05) 군간차이도 유의하였다(p<0.05). Protein C는 HEPARIN군에서 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05) 군간차이는 없었다. Blood urea nitrogen은 HEPARIN군과 KIST군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<0.05) 군간차이는 없었다. Creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase는 각 군에서 군내변화와 군간차이가 유의하지 않았다. 표면전자현미경 소견에서 혈소판 및 혈구세포 응집정도는 CONTROL군이 가장 심했고, HEPARIN군은 GOTT군이나 KIST군에 비해 많았다. 결론: 이상의 결과에서 전신 헤파린 처치(HEPARIN)는 출혈경향을 증가시키면서 이물질 표면의 응고반응을 효과적으로 차단하지 못하는 반면, 헤파린 표면처리된 우회도관(GOTT & KIST)의 경우는 출혈경향 없이 표면의 응고반응을 충분히 억제하였다. 또한 국산(KIST) 헤파린 우회도관은 상용화된 외국산(GOTT)과 동등한 항혈전 성능을 보였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.66-80
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• 1983

As a part of the epidemiological studies of clonorchiasis in Korea, this study was conducted to evaluate the current endemicity and the natural transition of the Clonorchis infection in Goyang Gun a low endemic area in recent years, prior to the introduction of praziquantel which will eventually influence to the status of the prevalence. The data obtained in this study in 1983 were evaluated for natural transition of the infection in comparison with those obtained 16 years ago in 1967 by the author (Kim, 1974). The areas of investigation, villages and schools surveyed, methods and techniques used in this study were the same as in 1967, except for the contents of the questionnaire for raw freshwater fish consumption by the local inhabitants. 1) The current prevalence rate of Clonorchis infection among the inhabitants was 7.5% on the average out of a total of 479 persons examined. The prevalence rate was 9.0% in the riverside area and 4.2% in the inland area. Among the schoolchildren, the prevalence rate was 1.1% out of a total of 1 319 examined. By area, it was 1.4% in the riverside area and 0.7% in the inland area. By sex, the prevalence rate was 13.3% in the male and 1.3% in the female in the inhabitants and no difference was seen in the schoolchildren. 2) In the natural transition of the infection, the prevalence rate in the inhabitants has decreased from 22.5% in 1967 to 7.5% in 1983, and in the schoolchildren, from 9.5% in 1967 to 1.1% in 1983. The reduction rate was higher in the riverside area than in the inland area. 3) In the prevalence rate by age, 1.2% was seen in the 10-14 age group and gradually increased to 8.1% in the 30-39 age group and reached peak 18.1% in the 40-49 age group. By sex, in the male, the prevalence rates have increased to 31.9% and 33.3% in the 40-49 and 50-59 age groups, respectively and decreased thereafter. In the female, the prevalence rate less than 5% was seen only in between the 10-14 and 30-39 age groups. 4) In the natural transition of the prevalence rate by age, sharp decrease was seen in the male from around 50% in 1967 between 15-19 and 30-39 age groups. The generation over 40s showed less decrease. In the female, the prevalence rate has decreased from 13% in 1967 to 5% in 1983 in the middle age groups and dropped to 0% in the rest of the age groups. 5) The intensity of the infection among clonorchiasis cases by mean EPmg (number of eggs per mg feces) value was 1.4. In the inhabitants, the value was 2.0 in the riverside area and 0.4 in the inland area. While in the schoolchildren, the value was 0.2 in both riverside and inland areas. 6) In the transition of the intensity of the infection, EPmg among the inhabitants has decreased from 3.9 in 1967 to 2.0 in 1983 in the riverside area, and from 2.9 to 0.4 in the inland area. In the schoolchildren, the reduction was similar in both riverside and inland areas resulting from 1.0-1.1 in 1967 to 0.2 in 1983. 7) In the intensity of the infection by age, EPmg 3.4 was peak at the 40-49 age group and 0.2-1.0 was seen in the rest of the age groups. The mean value was 1.5 in the male and 0.6 in the female. 8) In the natural transition of the intensity of the infection, the EPmg has decreased from 2.7 in 1967 to 1.4 in 1983. By age, reduction was seen in all of the age groups, particularly in the young and the old age groups of 50s and over, except in the 40-49 age group in which reverse phenomenon was seen. By sex, it has decreased from 3.5 in 1967 to 1.5 in 1983 in the male and from 1.0 to 0.6 in the female. 9) In the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by the range of EPmg value, 70.3% of the cases were placed in the range of 0.1-0.9 as the most and 16.2% in 1.0-4.9 as the next. With such figures, those included in the range less than 0.9 as light infection were 78.4% and under 5.0-9.9 up to moderate infection 99.3% of the cases were covered. The cases were distributed up to 20.0-39.9 in the male and to 1.0-4.9 in the female. 10) In the transition of the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by EPmg, the highest intensity reached up to 60.0-79.9 in 1967 and to 20.0-39.9 in 1983. In the range of light infection, under 0.1-0.9, the distribution in rate was 64.5% in 1967 and 78.4% in 1983. Up to the range of moderate infection, under 5.0-9.9, 91.7% in 1967 and 97.3% in 1983 were seen respectively. 11) In a survey for raw freshwater fish consumption among the local inhabitants,78.3 of the clonorchiasis cases interviewed admitted their experience of the raw consumption. However, those who practised in the past two years were 34.8% 55.6% of those who have such experience in the past professed that they did not practise raw freshwater fish consumption in the past two years. 12) The major cause of the reduction of the raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants were the wide spread water pollution in the locality. The most common reason professed for stopping raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants was the risk of the fluke infection. 13) In animal survey, 3.1% of dogs were found infected with Clonorchis, decreasing from 21.6% in 1967. 14) The distribution of the first intermediate host, Parafossarulus manchouricus has greatly diminished in this locality and found only in two localized ponds. No Clonorchis infection was found from the snails examined. 15) The second intermediate freshwater fish host has been further limited by extended water pollution. No susceptible fish host could be examined. 16) In conclusion, the endemicity of Clonorchis infection in Croyang Gun, low endemic area, has significantly decreased during the past 16 years. The major cause of the regressive transition of the infection was the water pollution of the freshwater system of this locality. This has upset the ecosystems of the intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis in many areas of waterbodies and further discouraged to a significant extent the local inhabitants from raw freshwater fish consumption.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-73
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• 2002

It has been reported that degranulation of mast cells in rats, rabbits and dog was observed after dosing xylazine hydrochloride(Xh) which has been widely used as sedative, analgesic and muscular relaxant. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to examine the relations between Xh and histamine release and to identify the action of ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors which exists on the suface of mast cells. 1. The content of histamine within serum was measured with HPLC by performing the O-phthalaldehyde(OPA) fluorescent derivation. The pretreatment method had a little modification from the conventional method. The pretreament was carried out in the following method. 0.2$m\ell$ of serum and 1$m\ell$ of butanol were added to mixed together and then the liquid was centrifugally separated at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2,000 rpm for 3 minutes. 0.4$m\ell$ of 0.1N HCl and 1.6$m\ell$ of heptane were added to 0.8$m\ell$ of supernatant taken from the liquid, and they were mixed together. This mixture was also centrifugally separated at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was thrown away and the OPA fluorescent derivation was carried out with 0.2$m\ell$ of the lower liquid then, 5 minutes after mixing 400${\mu}\ell$ of 0.1N HCl, 120${\mu}\ell$ of 1N NaOH and 40${\mu}\ell$ of 0.1% OPA in the 0.2$m\ell$ of the lower liquid,120${\mu}\ell$ of 3.57N H$_3$PO$_4$ was added to the mixed liquid, and the liquid, was mixed again and syringe-filtered. Then, the measurement was done with HPLC in the 30 : 70(ν/ν) ratio of 0.004M KH$_2$PO$_4$: CH$_3$CN, flow rate of 1.0$m\ell$/min., and a wavelength of λex= 350nm and λem=444nm at the column temperature of 27$^{\circ}C$, using the fluorescence detector. 2. The content of histamine in each laboratory animal appeared to be higher in such an order as rabbit, rat, guinea pig, dog, Korean indigenous goat, swine, Korean indigenous cattle, Holstein, and mouse, of which the individual mean values${\pm}$standard deviation were 2.0668 ${\pm}$ 0.6049. 0.4999 ${\pm}$ 0.2278, 0.4241 ${\pm}$ 0.1974, 0.1054 ${\pm}$ 0.0556, 0.1028 ${\pm}$ 0.0276, 0.0972 ${\pm}$ 0.0513, 0.0872 ${\pm}$ 0.0373, 0.0717 ${\pm}$ 0.0379, and 0.0706 ${\pm}$ 0.0366, respectively. 3. The content of histamine was measured at the moments of 15-, 30-, 60-, 120-minutes after inoamuscular injection of 20mg/100kg Xh into two to 4 years old Holstein weighing 600∼700kg. The result showed that there was a significant increase at the times of 30- and 90-minutes after injection(p<0.05). 4. Intramuscular injection of 3mg/10kg Xh was given to crossbred pug dogs weighing 2.5∼4.3kg. The content of histamine was measured at the times of 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-minutes after injection. The result revealed that there was a significant increase at the times of 60-and 90-minutes after injection(p<0.05). 5. Intramuscular injection of 10mg/$m\ell$∼25mg/$m\ell$ Xh in concentration of 0.1$m\ell$ was applied to Korean indigenous goat over 5 months old. Then, the content of histamine was measured at the times of 15-, 30-, 60- and 90-minutes after injection. A significant increase was shown at the times of 30- and 60-minutes after injection(p<0.05). 6. The content of histamine was measured at the moments of 30- and 60-minutes after intramuscular injection of 0.1-0.2$m\ell$ Xh (20mg/$m\ell$) into male rabbits weighting 2.5-4kg. A significant increase was found at the moment of 60 minutes after injection(p<0.001). 7. After administering Xh to the mast cell taken from the abdominal cavity of mouse, the content of histamine was measured. The result showed that the higher the concentration, the more significantly the content of histamine was increased(p<0.05). 8. Compound 48/80 was administered in concentration of 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ to the mast cell picked from the abdominal cavity of mouse. The result showed that there was a significant increase in the content of histamine in case of the concentration of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$(p<0.05). It was found to be about 10,000 to 500,000 times stronger than the Xh. 9. After premedication of 1mg/kg of yohimbine hydrochloride as ${\alpha}$$_2$-adrenergic antagonist to rabbits, the Xh was administered to them. The result was that the value of histamine within serum was decreased significantly(p<0.001). 10. After premeditation of 1mg/kg of prazosin hydrochloride as ${\alpha}$$_1$-adrenergic antagonist to rabbits, the Xh was administered to them. It was found that the value of histamine within serum was decreased significantly(p<0.005). 11, Prazosin hydrochloride and yohimbine hydrochloride as ${\alpha}$$_1$-adrenergic antagonist, respectively, and ${\alpha}$$_2$-adrenergic antagonist were administerd. In this case, the value of histamine within serum was decreased significantly(p<0.0001). As the results, when the Xh is administered to various kinds of animals, the amount of histamine release within serum is increased. In view of the results so far achieved, it is concluded that Xh acted on both a$_1$-adrenoreceptor and ${\alpha}$$_2$-adrenoreceptor induces the degranulation of mast cell.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 1993

연구배경 : 급성 폐동맥색전증에서의 심폐기능 장애는 폐혈관계의 물리적 폐쇄와 신경체액성 반응에 의한 이차적인 기관지 및 혈관의 수축에 의하며, 혈소판에서 유리되는 serotonin이 체액성반응의 주 매개체인 것으로 알려져 있다. Positive End Expiratory Pressure(이하 PEEP 이라 칭함) 호흡요법은 성인성 호흡곤란증후군에서는 그 효과가 입증되어 널리 이용되고 있으나 폐동맥색전증에서의 역할은 아직 알려진 바 없다. 방법 : 연구자는 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 (이하 5-HT2라 칭함) 수용체의 선별 길항제인 ketanserin과 PEEP이 폐동맥색전증의 심폐기능 장애에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고 이들이 폐동맥색전증의 치료에 이용될 수 있을지를 검정해보기위해 한국산 잡견 13마리에 자가혈병을 이용하여 급성 폐동맥색전증을 일으킨후 대조군과 ketanserin 투여군, PEEP 적용군에서 환기 및 혈류역학의 제지표를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 1) 폐동맥색전증을 일으키는데 사용된 혈병은 체중 Kg당 0.30~0.89($0.63{\pm}0.16$)gm 이었고 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 평균 폐동맥압은 11~18($14{\pm}2$)mmHg 에서 색전증 유발 직후 38~46($42{\pm}2$)mmHg 까지 상승하였다. 2) 혈병 투여 30분후의 변화 혈병 투여 30분후 평균 폐동맥압 및 폐혈관저항은 증가하였고 심박출량은 감소하였으며, 동맥혈 산소분압과 산소운반량 및 혼합정맥혈 산소분압은 감소하였고 생리적 단락과 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압은 증가하였으며(p<0.05) 세 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 대조군은 이후 실험기간중 상기 지표에 유의한 변화가 없었다. 3) Ketanserin 투여후의 변화 Ketanserin 투여후 대조군에 비해 평균 폐동맥압과 폐혈관저항은 낮았으며 심박출량은 높았고 생리적단락은 낮았으며 동맥혈 산소분압과 산소운반량은 높았다(p<0.05). 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압은 ketanserin 투여 30분후 감소하였다(p<0.05). 평균 전신동맥압은 ketanserin 122mmHg 에서 101mmHg로 하강하였고 한시간 후에는 투여전 수준으로 상승하였으며 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 혼합정맥혈 산소분압은 대조군에 비해 높은 경향을 보였으며 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 4) PEEP 적용군에서의 변화 PEEP 적용후 동맥혈 산소분압과 폐혈관저항은 증가하였고 심박출량은 감소하였으며 생리적 단락은 감소한 반면 산소운반량은 감소하였다(p<0.05). 한편 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압은 증가하였다(p<0.05). PEEP 제거후 평균 폐동맥압과 폐혈관저항은 감소해 대조군에 비해 낮았으며, 산소운반량과 심박출량은 증가해 대조군에 비해 높았다(p<0.05). 생리적단락은 대조군에 비해 낮았고(p<0.05) 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압은 감소해 대조군과 유의한 차이는 없었다. 혼합정맥혈 산소분압은 대조군에 비해 높았다(p<0.05). 5) 혈병 투여 4시간후 혈소판은 감소하였고 백혈구는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 결론 : 이상의 결과로 5-HT2 수용체의 선별 길항제인 ketanserin은 폐동맥색전증의 치료에 유용할 것으로 생각된다. 한편 PEEP용 적용증에는 혈류역학적 제지표가 악화되었으나 제거후에는 오히려 대조군에 비해 유의하게 호전되었으므로, 폐동맥색전증의 초기에 혈류역학적 상태가 허용되면 조심스럽게 단기간 적용해볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.