• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2021

A 9-year-old, intact female Shih-tzu dog presented with a three-week history of anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss. Abdominal radiography revealed a mass in the right cranial quadrant of the abdomen that was displacing the right kidney caudally. Ultrasonography showed a large, irregular, heterogeneous hepatic mass and a small amount of peritoneal fluid. On computed tomography (CT), a large hypoattenuating mass with heterogeneous contrast enhancement occupied the right lateral lobe, and parts of the right medial and caudate lobes of the liver. There was no evidence of regional lymph node or pulmonary metastasis. Lobectomy of the right medial, right lateral and caudate liver lobes was performed, however, the patient did not recover from surgery. Hepatoblastoma was confirmed by histological examination. Hepatoblastoma is rare in dogs, and this is the first report describing CT imaging of hepatoblastoma in a dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2009

Unilateral ureteronephrectomy was performed in a dog presented with unilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. On laparotomy, severe adhesion of the dorsomedial border of the affected kidney to the abdominal aorta longitudinally and caudal pole of the kidney firmly to the ipsilateral ovary were observed. Since it was not possible to ligate the renal artery and vein separately due to severe adhesion tissue, two mass ligations were applied in the medial border of kidney, and the adhesion tissue was transected distal to each ligature. Then, blunt and sharp dissections were performed to isolate dorsomedial border of the kidney from the abdominal aorta, but they brought out unexpected hemorrhage caused by incision of renal artery and it has been suspected that two mass ligations could not include renal artery, which was adhered to dorsomedial border of the kidney. The hemorrhage was controlled by double ligations and electrocautery. In this case report, we recommend that if isolation of renal vessels is impossible due to strict adhesion of kidney to adjacent tissue, the mass ligation could be chosen to isolate and exteriorize the kidney and placed carefully not only at medial border of the kidney, where the renal vessels come into the kidney anatomically but also additional border of the kidney where adhesion tissues are formed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.144-148
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• 2011

A Shihtzu (6-year-old, intact female) was referred to Konkuk University Teaching Animal Hospital for cystic calculus and hydronephrosis of right kiney. The dog was suspected to have ureteral rupture and peritonitis. Radiographic findings included cyctic calculi and right kidney enlargement. On ultrasonographic examination hyperechoic mass with severe acoustic shadowing was located in the right proximal ureter which was dilated. Hydronephrosis of the right kidney, right ureteral caculus and cytic calculus were confirmed by radiography and ultrasonography. Cystotomy for removal of calculus in the bladder and ureterotomy for removal of calculus in the right ureter were performed. Excretory urography (EU) performed one month after surgery revealed that the right ureter was homogeneously opacified and decreased to 3 to 6 mm in diameter. Surgical removal of ureteroliths was appropriate treatment for the ureteral and cystic calculi. The result suggests that ureterotomy is effective treament for the dilation and calculi of ureter.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.296-300
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• 2013

A 7-year-old castrated male Yorkshire Terrier was presented with a palpable intra-abdominal mass. In radiography, a large radioopaque renal mass and small abdominal mass were found on dorsal area of the abdomen. Grossly, red to brown color mass and a cystic structure (hydronephrosis) were embedded in the right kidney. Histopathologically, the mass had many irregular shaped neovascular channels lined by polygonal or oval shaped endothelial cells. These vessels and neoplastic cells had great invasive tendency to adjacent connective or fat tissues. Small abdominal mass had identical morphologic features as in renal mass. According to immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells in renal mass demonstrated strong positive signals for vimentin and CD31, and weak positive for von Willbrand factor. However, there were no positive reactions for cytokeratin. Based on the gross, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, this mass was diagnosed as primary renal hemangiosarcoma in a Yorkshire Terrier dog.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.629-641
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• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of ethylene glycol intoxication. Ten healthy mongrel dogs which was administered with ethylene glycol, were evaluated in terms of clinical findings, hematological findings, blood chemistry, and ultrasonographic and histopathological findings of kidney. The results obtained through these experiment could be summarized as follows : 1. Typical clinical symptoms such as vomiting, initial apprehension, depression, thirst, dehydration, tremor, anorexia, hematuria, anuria, weakness, weight loss, flaccid paralysis, tachypnea, coma, and death, were revealed after administration of ethylene glycol. 2. Special symptom of bloody diarrhea was occurred by administration of ethylene glycol. 3. After administration of ethylene glycol, PCV was decreased continuously(p<0.01), and total leukocyte count was increased gradually, revealed the highest value at day 5 and thereafter decreased. 4. Remarkable changes of ultrasonographic findings such as high echo intensity of renal parenchyma and emergence of halo in corticomedullary junction, were revealed after administration of ethylene glycol. Early(hour 8) enlargement and late(day 3) enlargement were observed in kidney(p<0.01). Especially, late enlargement was observed concurrently with the elevation of BUN and creatinine values. 5. Calcium oxalate crystals, metabolites of ethylene glycol, were observed in histopathologic findings of kidney. Also, degeneration and necrotic exfoliation of epithelial cells were recognized in addtion to swelling of renal tubules.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.115-119
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• 2021

This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of corneal ulcers in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Medical records of dogs that had been diagnosed with corneal ulcers and chronic kidney disease at Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2016 were investigated. A control group was randomly selected during the same time period. This group included patients with corneal ulcers but no evidence of systemic disease. The mean healing time of superficial corneal ulcers in the CKD group was 21.0 ± 15.0 days. This was a significantly longer healing time than was observed in the control group (11.0 ± 6.6 days, p = 0.019). The incidence rates of uveitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the CKD group were significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.000 and p = 0.026, respectively). Additionally, non-healing ulcers had significantly elevated white blood cell counts, while those with healing ulcers had WBC counts within the normal range in CKD group (p = 0.000). This study revealed that corneal ulcers in CKD patients would be delayed epithelial healing process and accompanied by ocular disease which affected to corneal healing compared to non-CKD patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.75.1-75.8
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• 2023

Background: In veterinary medicine, previous studies regarding the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not consistent with each other. Moreover, there has been no study evaluating the relationship between symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration and renal shear wave velocity (SWV) using two-dimensional SWE (2D SWE) in dogs with CKD. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of 2D SWE in dogs with CKD and to assess the relationship between renal SWV and SDMA concentration. Methods: Dogs with healthy kidneys and dogs with CKD underwent 2D SWE and SDMA assay. Renal stiffness was estimated as renal SWV in m/s. Results: SDMA concentration had a weak positive correlation with the left (r = 0.338, p = 0.022) and right renal SWV (r = 0.337, p = 0.044). Renal SWV was not significantly different between healthy kidney and CKD groups in the left (p = 0.085) and right (p = 0.171) kidneys. Conclusions: 2D SWE may could not distinguish between dogs with healthy kidney and dogs with early stage of CKD, but it would be useful for assessing the serial change of renal function in dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2007

A 7-year-old, intact female Korean Jindo dog was referred due to ataxia and pain on palpation of the thorax. Radiograph, echocardiography and computed tomogram revealed a mass on the heart base region and osteolytic change of fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra. At necropsy, a firm, encapsulated and round mass was seen arising from the heart base region surrounding the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. Histopathologically, nests of cuboidal and polyhedral cells having abundantly granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm with round to oval nucleus were separated by fibrous septa. Immunohistochemistry using chromogranin A revealed that tumor cells were originated from neuroendocrine organ and metastasized into some organs including lung, spleen, liver, kidney and T5 vertebra. By electron microscopy, we found the electron-dense and membrane-bound granules in cytoplasm of the tumor cells. This study provides the uncommon evidence that aortic body tumor metastasized to both multiple organs and bone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2014

A 10-year-old, female spayed mixed-breed dog with a history of vomiting and anorexia was examined. Abnormal findings of comlete blood count and serum chemistry included polycythemia, thrombocytopenia, hyper-globulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Abdominal radiographs revealed severe unilateral renomegaly, and ultrasonography showed a left-sided renal mass. During the operation, left kidney was resected. Cytologial and histopathological examinations revealed neoplastic lymphoid proliferation with high mitotic figures in renal mass. Immunohistochemistry revealed tumor cells were CD3-positive and CD79${\alpha}$-negative, consistent with T-cell lineage. The renal mass of this case was diagnosed as renal T cell lymphosarcoma.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2019

A 6-year-old, spayed female Maltese was presented with the condition of a chronic recurrent abscess formation in the left flank region. Despite the antibiotics and drainage therapy given to the dog, the lesion formed a continued serosanguineous to the point that a purulent discharge was evident. In the meantime, an abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of a well-defined mass with a hypoechoic outer margin, and a hyperechoic inner rim in the cranial of the kidney. A fistula was noted as being present with a connection between the subcutaneous lesion of the left flank and the abdominal mass. It is emphasized that CT scans revealed the existence of a soft tissue dense mass with low attenuation area, as seen in some internal areas and also a peripheral contrast enhancement was noted within a nonenhancing central region. There was additional nonenhancing fluid found dorsal to the inflammatory tract passing under the epaxial muscles and at the peritoneum. Likewise, the tract exited the skin surface in the left flank. A tentative diagnosis of an abdominal abscess with spontaneous cutaneous fistula was made based on the ultrasonographic and CT appearances. A foreign body such as surgical gauze should always be considered a potential cause of draining tract in small animals, as was considered to be the problem in this case.