• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.313-325
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• 1994

A cross-sectional study was conducted in an effort to investigate the effect of air pollution on respiratory symptoms. Two groups of female aged more than 20 living in the unpolluted rural area of Taebul (n=159) and urban area of Taegu (n=140) were selected. The ATS-DLD-78 questionnaire was translated into Korean and administered with minor modification. The proportion of smoker was less than 1% in both area. Exposure to smoking and higher educational level were more frequent in Taegu. Age-adjusted prevalence rates of 'chronic cough', 'chronic sputum', 'wheezing', and 'dyspnea' were higher in Taegu than in Taebul. In particular, the prevalence rate of 'chronic sputum' in Taegu was found to be higher, which was statistically significant. Exposure to smoking and education level were not concerned with all respiratory symptom prevalence rates. In conclusion, this study Indicates that an urban factor is related to the rates of respiratory symptoms in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 2014

Background: Ginsenoside Rp1 (G-Rp1) is a novel ginsenoside derived from ginsenoside Rk1. This compound was reported to have anticancer, anti-platelet, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we examined the molecular target of the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of G-Rp1. Methods: To examine the effects of G-Rp1, cell proliferation assays, propidium iodine staining, proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting analysis, and a knockdown strategy were used. Results: G-Rp1 dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer LoVo cells and increased their apoptosis. G-Rp1 markedly upregulated the protein level of apolipoprotein (Apo)-A1 in LoVo, SNU-407, DLD-1, SNU-638, AGS, KPL-4, and SK-BR-3 cells. The knockdown of Apo-A1 by its small-interfering RNA increased the levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and p53 and diminished the proliferation of LoVo cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that G-Rp1 may act as an anticancer agent by strongly inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis through upregulation of Apo-A1.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2004

발광층에 Alq3와 rubrene을 mixed host로 사용하고 DCJTB를 형광 dopant로 사용한 다층 박막 구조의 red OLEDs를 제작하였다. 소자의 구조는 $ITO:Anode(120nm)/{\alpha}-NPD:HTL(40nm)/Alq_3+Rubrene(mixed\;host\;1:1)+DCJTB(red\;dopant\;3%)+:EML(20nm)/Alq_3:ETL(40nm)/MgAg(Mg\;5%\;wt):Cathode(150nm)$ 로서 EML내부에 DCJTB를 Totally Doping Method와 Dotted-Line Doping Method의 두 가지 방법으로 도핑 하였다. Mixed host구조에 DCJTB를 6구간으로 나누어 Dotted Line Doping한 소자는 luminance yield가 $9.2cd/A@10mA/cm^2$ 이었다. 이 소자는 DCJTB만을 Totally Doping한 소자의 luminance yield $3.2cd/A@10mA/cm^2$에 비해 약 190%정도의 높은 효율 향상을 보였다. 또한 $10mA/cm^2$에 도달하는 전압은 5.5V Vs. 8.5V로서 mixed host를 사용한 소자에서 약 3V정도 구동전압이 낮아지는 효과가 있었다. 발광 스펙트럼의 Full Width Half Maximum(FWHM)은 각각 56.6nm와 61nm로서 rubrene을 mixed host로 사용한 소자에서 높은 색 순도를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 성능의 향상은 $Alq_3$와 혼합된 rubrene에 의한 낮은 전하주 입장벽, 높은 전류밀도에서 나타나는 발광감쇄현상의 감소, 그리고 발광층의 DLD구조에 의한 전하의 trap & confinement 에 따른 발광 exciton의 형성확률이 증가한데서 나타났다고 생각된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2006

CKD-602 exerts its antitumor effect via inhibition of topoisomerase I in cancer cells. Multicellular spheroid (MCS) and Multicellular layers (MCLs) are known as in vitro 3-dimensional models which closely represent tumor conditions in vivo. In order to investigate the potential of CKD-602 against human colorectal tumors, we evaluated the anti-proliferative activity and penetration ability of CKD-602 in MCS and MCL cultures of DLD-l human colorectal cancer cells, respectively. The maximum effects($E_{max}$) induced by CKD-602 were significantly lower in MCS compared to monolayers (48% vs 92%). With prolonged drug exposure, the $IC_{50's}$ of CKD-602 decreased to $23.5{\pm}1.0nM$ in monolayers after 24 h exposure and $42.3{\pm}1.7nM$ in MCS after 6 days, respectively. However, no further increase in effect was observed for exposure time longer than growth doubling time (Td) in both cultures. Activity of CKD-602 was significantly reduced after penetration through MCL and also with cell-free insert membrane. In conclusion, CKD-602 showed significantly decreased anti-proliferative activity in 3D cultures (MCS) of human colorectal cancer cells. Tumor penetration of CKD-602 could not be determined due to loss of activity after penetration through cell free insert membrane, which warrants further evaluation using a modified model.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.852-869
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• 1997

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the reliability and the validity of a questionnaire in order to determine the applicability as a screening tool for estimating environmental exposure and health effects related to air pollution. The questionnaire was developed with adopting some items of others such as ISAAC or ATS-DLD. And then we performed test-retest to 89 middle school students and their mothers at interval of three months. Cohen's Kappa values, weighted Kappa values, Spearman's correlation coefficients, and Pearson's correlation coefficients for each item were computed as reliability coefficients. The validity coefficients and validity coefficient bounds were also obtained by simply using these reliability coefficients. As results, Kappa ranged broadly from 0.10 to 0.61 of the items 'diet', $0.52\sim0.79$ of the environmental tobacco smoke, $0.39\sim0.44$ of the functional categories of surrounding environment, and $0.39\sim0.44$ of the using transportation systems; these items were regarded as confounding factors. For items related to health outcomes, Kappa ranged from -0.02 to 0.37 in the respiratory system of past medical history, and from 0.11 to 0.55 in the current health status. But Kappa of the others were over 0.60. In conclusion, if some items can be corrected or modified, the questionnaire developed in this study can be used as a tool for evaluating environmental exposure and health effects associated with air pollution.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 1994

his study was conducted to Investigate the occurrence of small brown planthopper (SBPH), LaodeIpahx striatellus Fallen, and the ind~cence 01 rice virus diseases by d~fferent seeding dates in dryseeded rice. The occurrerlce of SBPH was the highest an nce seeded in May 11, followed byMay 1, May 21 and May 31. However. SBPH dld not occur on the rice seeded in June 10 duelo the rice was emerged after peak occurrence of first generailon adult of SBPH. The occurrenceof the first generation adult of SBPH was May 11 and it was 3-day earlier than that of infantnce transplanting. The ~nd~cencofe rice vlrus diseases, rice stripe vilus (RSV) and rice black-streakeddwarf virus (RBSDV), was the most severe at seeding date May 11. and then followed by May1, May 21 and May 31 Thus the incidence of "ce virus diseases was closely related with thedensity of the first generat~on adult of SBPH Rice yield was decreased by later seeding dates, although rice yield from May 1 to May 21 was relatively stable and hqii compared with laterseeding dates. Accordingly, there was slgniilcant relatlonsh~p between rice yield and seeding datesice yield and seeding dates

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.755-762
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• 2019

Despite decades of research into colorectal cancer (CRC), there is an ongoing need for treatments that are more effective and safer than those currently available. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) show beneficial effects in the context of several diseases, including CRC, and are generally regarded as safe. Here, we isolated a Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR)-derived therapeutic protein, p8, which suppressed CRC proliferation. We found that p8 translocated specifically to the cytosol of DLD-1 cells. Moreover, p8 down-regulated expression of Cyclin B1 and Cdk1, both of which are required for cell cycle progression. We confirmed that p8 exerted strong anti-proliferative activity in a mouse CRC xenograft model. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant p8 (r-p8) led to a significant reduction (up to 59%) in tumor mass when compared with controls. In recent years, bacterial drug delivery systems (DDSs) have proven to be effective therapeutic agents for acute colitis. Therefore, we aimed to use such systems, particularly LAB, to generate the valuable therapeutic proteins to treat CRC. To this end, we developed a gene expression cassette capable of inducing secretion of large amounts of p8 protein from Pediococcus pentosaceus SL4 (PP). We then confirmed that this protein (PP-p8) exerted anti-proliferative activity in a mouse CRC xenograft model. Oral administration of PP-p8 DDS led to a marked reduction in tumor mass (up to 64%) compared with controls. The PP-p8 DDS using LAB described herein has advantages over other therapeutics; these advantages include improved safety (the protein is a probiotic), cost-free purification, and specific targeting of CRC cells.

• Oncology Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.3256-3264
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• 2019

The induction of apoptosis is a useful strategy in anti-cancer research. Various Moon Hyung Yang (MHY) compounds have been developed as novel anti-cancer drug candidates; in the present study, the pro-apoptotic effects of (Z)-5-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (MHY695) on HCT116 human colon cancer cells were assessed. MTT assays were performed to investigate the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of MHY695 on HCT116 cells. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analyses were performed to identify apoptotic cell death, and western blot analysis was used to investigate the apoptotic-signaling pathways. A mouse xenograft model was also used to determine the effects of MHY695 in vivo. MHY695 decreased the viability of HCT116 cells and induced apoptotic cytotoxicity. The apoptotic mechanisms induced by MHY695 involved the dephosphorylation of Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death protein following protein kinase B inactivation, induced myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein and BH3-interacting domain death agonist truncation, caspase-3 and -9 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. In addition, MHY695 significantly suppressed tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model, compared with the vehicle control. Notably, MHY695 exhibited potent anti-cancer effects in four different types of human colon cancer cell line, including Caco-2, DLD-1, HT-29 and HCT116. Additionally, MHY695 showed reduced cytotoxicity in NCM460, normal colonic epithelial cells. Furthermore, MHY-induced cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells was independent of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Collectively, these observations suggested that MHY695 may be a novel drug for the treatment of colon cancer.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-73
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• 1982

Questionaires on symptoms of respiratory disease have been used in Korea to elicit the probable health effects of air pollution in epidemiologic studies: The objectives of such studies often include comparing prevalence of symptoms of respiratory system between different population groups or between the same population groups, at different times. Unfortunately, little attention has, been paid to standardization of those questionaires, whether those are Korean. versions or not. Furthermore, no attempt to develop Korean ,questionaire on respiratory symptoms and relevant information has been made. Followed by 'a comparative study on responses to Korean version questionaires(English origin) of CMI, MRC, and ATS-DLD-78' two types of questionaires on respiratory symptoms and relevant information for Korean adult, which are short form (SUN-81-AS) and long forms (optional questions are added to the short one, SUN-81-AL), have been designed suitable to Korean background by authors (see Annex). The self-administered and closed-question questionaire were tested their validity and reliability by administration to l80 normal adults (medical and nursing students) and 60 clinical patients of Seoul National University Hospital, with spirometric exam. The results obtained and conclusions drawn are as follow: 1. It took less than 10 minutes to complete the questionaire SNU-81-AS and SNU-81-AL. 2. The test-retest reliability of each questions in AS and AL ,were observed as 92.7% and 92.1%, respectively. And all of the level of agreement are statistically significant with kappa statistic. 3. In addition to higher prevalence rate of symptoms in patients group compared, with, normal. group, the correlations between FEV 1.0/FVC predictive value(%) and number of symptoms were statistically significant inpatients group (See Fig. 1 and, Table 7). 4. The answer rate to optional questions in AL form among those who are not to do was about 10%, while the no-answer rate among who are to do was about 15% in Normal (medical and nursing students) group. 5. From the viewpoints of validity and reliability, the new Korean questionaire (SNU-81-AS and AL) developed by authors are to be recommendable to use in epidemiologic studies on respiratory illness in Korea. The self-administration, however, of optional questions in AL form may not assure the quality of data gathered.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.561-568
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• 2020

We examined the anticancer effects of a novel sirtuin inhibitor, MHY2256, on HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. MHY2256 significantly suppressed the activity of sirtuin 1 and expression levels of sirtuin 1/2 and stimulated acetylation of forkhead box O1, which is a target protein of sirtuin 1. Treatment with MHY2256 inhibited the growth of the HCT116 (TP53 wild-type), HT-29 (TP53 mutant), and DLD-1 (TP53 mutant) human colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, MHY2256 induced G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle progression, which was accompanied by the reduction of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and the decrease of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and E2F transcription factor 1. Apoptosis induction was shown by DNA fragmentation and increase in late apoptosis, which were detected using flow cytometric analysis. MHY2256 downregulated expression levels of procaspase-8, -9, and -3 and led to subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. MHY2256-induced apoptosis was involved in the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and was prevented by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Furthermore, the autophagic effects of MHY2256 were observed as cytoplasmic vacuolation, green fluorescent protein-light-chain 3 punctate dots, accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles, and upregulated expression level of light-chain 3-II. Taken together, these results suggest that MHY2256 could be a potential novel sirtuin inhibitor for the chemoprevention or treatment of colorectal cancer or both.