• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.1586-1589
• /
• 2005

GUMF (Global User Management Framework) that is proposed in this research can be applied to next generation network such as BcN (Broadband convergence Network), it is QoS guaranteed security framework for user that can solve present Internet's security vulnerability. GUMF offers anonymity for user of service and use the user's real-name or ID for management of service and it is technology that can realize secure QoS. GUMF needs management framework, UMS (User Management System), VNC (Virtual Network Controller) etc. UMS consists of root UMS in country dimension and Local UMS in each site dimension. VNC is network security equipment including VPN, QoS and security functions etc., and it achieves the QoSS (Quality of Security Service) and CLS(Communication Level Switching) functions. GUMF can offer safety in bandwidth consumption attacks such as worm propagation and DoS/DDoS, IP spoofing attack, and current most attack such as abusing of private information because it can offer the different QoS guaranteed network according to user's grades. User's grades are divided by 4 levels from Level 0 to Level 3, and user's security service level is decided according to level of the private information. Level 3 users that offer bio-information can receive secure network service that privacy is guaranteed. Therefore, GUMF that is proposed in this research can offer profit model to ISP and NSP, and can be utilized by strategy for secure u-Korea realization.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.83 no.3
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2020

Background: The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) test is useful in asthma patients. However, a few studies on its usefulness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have been reported. We analyzed the FENO level distribution and clinical characteristics according to the FENO level in COPD patients. Methods: From December 2014 to June 2019, COPD patients who underwent pulmonary function and FENO tests at Chonnam National University Hospital were retrospectively evaluated for FENO, comorbidities, asthma history, blood eosinophil, and pulmonary function test. The high FENO group was defined as those with FENO level>25 parts per billion (ppb). Results: A total of 849 COPD patients (mean age, 70.3±9.4 years) were included. The mean forced expiratory volume at 1 second was 66.5±21.7% and the mean FENO level was 24.3±20.5 ppb. Patients with FENO ≤25 ppb were 572 (67.4%) and those with FENO >25 ppb were 277 (32.6%). Blood eosinophil percentage was significantly higher (4.2±4.8 vs. 2.7±2.5, p<0.001) in patients with the high FENO group than the low FENO group. The high FENO group revealed a significantly higher frequency of patients with blood eosinophil percentage >3% (46.9% vs. 34.8%, p=0.001) and asthma history (25.6% vs. 8.6%, p<0.001) than the lower FENO group. Asthma history, blood eosinophil percentage >3%, and positive bronchodilator response (BDR) were independent risk factors for the high FENO level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.85; p<0.001; aOR, 1.46; p=0.017; and aOR, 1.57, p=0.034, respectively) in the multivariable analysis. Conclusion: The FENO level distribution varied in COPD patients and the mean FENO value was slightly elevated. Asthma history, eosinophil percent, and positive BDR were independent risk factors for the high FENO level.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.591-601
• /
• 2018

This paper discusses methods to effectively operates and evaluates an infrastructure system for lane-level positioning based on satellite navigation. The lane-level positioning infrastructure provides correction information on range measurements with integrity information on the correction to a user with a single frequency (cheap) satellite navigation receiver in order to perform lane-level positioning and integrity monitoring on the position estimate. The architecture and configuration of the lane-level positioning system are described from the systematic level in order to provide a comprehensive insight of the system. The operation/evaluation system for the integrated infrastructure is then presented. The evaluation results of the real implemented system are provided. Based on the results, we discuss requirements to increase the system stability from the operation perspective.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 2013

Recently, the impact on hearing induced by using of portable audio equipment have been actively studied. In general, Because they turn the volume up with loud background noise, they may expose to louder noise. In this study, we investigated the maximum noise level of 20 the domestic potable audio equipment and estimated the impact of the hearing induced by portable audio equipment in according to exposure time. As a result, the use of portable audio equipment is assumed to be more three hours when the level of more than 50 % of volume is most likely to affect the hearing.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.823-848
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we try to find improved solutions for problems with general mathematics education courses. We suggest effective management strategies and teaching-learning methods by level-based classes with utilizing students survey and scholastic level assessment, and management of Mathematics Cafe and its homepage, and also setting example classes for assignments on the Webwork system and evaluating the class.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.365-368
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 계속적으로 움직이는 Pan & Tilt 카메라를 가지고 객체를 안정적으로 추적하기 위해 Level Set 알고리즘과 Pan & Tilt 카메라간의 상호 유동적인 시스템을 설계하는 방법에 대하여 기술하고 있다. 특정객체를 Pan & Tilt 카메라로 계속적으로 추적하고자 할 때는 안정적인 배경영상을 얻을 수 없기 때문에 MOG 와 같은 통계적인 추적알고리즘을 쓰는 것이 불가능해진다. 본 논문에서는 배경 영상이 계속적으로 변하기 때문에 고정된 배경 영상을 가질 수 없는 문제와 이로 인해 객체의 영역을 잘 추출할 수 없다는 한계를 극복하기 위해 Level Set 에 기반한 외곽선 추적 방법을 이용한다. 이 방법은 단지 차영상만을 가지고도 어느 정도 객체의 영역을 추출할 수 있는 방법이다. Level Set 방법은 높은 복잡도를 가지기 때문에 실시간 계산이 빠른 외곽선 추적 방법을 이용하였으며, 이를 통해 실시간 영상에 대한 외곽선 추적을 가능하게 하였다. 그리고 Level Set 기반 외곽선 추출 방법에 의해 객체의 중심점을 구하는 알고리즘과 Pan & Tilt 카메라에 의해 객체를 추적하는 알고리즘 간에 유동적인 연결을 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.248-259
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND: Contaminated water was a major source of food-borne pathogens in various recent fresh produce-related outbreaks. This study was conducted to investigate the microbial contamination level and correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water by logistic regression analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Agricultural water was collected from 457 sites including surface water (n=300 sites) and groundwater (n=157 sites) in South Korea from 2018 to 2020. Sanitary indicator bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli) and food-borne pathogens (pathogenic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes) were analyzed. In surface water, the coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli were 3.27±0.89 log CFU/100 mL, 1.90±1.19 log CFU/100 mL, and 1.39±1.26 log CFU/100 mL, respectively. For groundwater, three kinds of sanitary indicators ranged in the level from 0.09 - 0.57 log CFU/100 mL. Pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were detected from 3%-site, 1.5%- site, and 0.6%-site water samples, respectively. According to the results of correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens by logistic regression analysis, the probability of pathogen detection increased individually by 1.45 and 1.34 times as each total coliform and E. coli concentration increased by 1 log CFU/100mL. The accuracy of the model was 70.4%, and sensitivity and specificity were 81.5% and 51.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicate the need to manage the microbial risk of agricultural water to enhance the safety of fresh produce. In addition, logistic regression analysis is useful to analyze the correlation between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2001

The present study was conducted to elucidate whether the expression level of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is related to the ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced apoptosis. After treatment of the mammalian cell lines HeLa S3 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) with 50 J/m2 UV, induction of apoptosis was determined by several means during 24 h post-incubation. Incidence of apoptosis was much lower in CHO than HeLa S3 cells based on the percentage of apoptotic cells in terms of morphological changes in nucleus or direct counting of viable cells and qualitative or quantitative DNA fragmentation. Interestingly, when the expression level of PARP was measured by western blotting, the amounts of PARP that was retained at each time point inversely correlated with the incidences of apoptosis in these cells. Concomitant with generation of the 85 kDa fragment, 116 kDa PARP disappeared in HeLa S3 within 6 h after UV treatment, whereas a fair amounts of 116 kDa band was still retained in CHO cells at 36 h post-incubation. This inverse relationship was also observed in the adaptive response system, in which cells weve treated with a high dose of UV after pretreatment with a low dose. As expected, typical adaptive responses appeared in CHO cells but not in HeLa cells, showing greater cell viability and lesser DNA fragmentation. During the adaptive response in CHO cells, PARP was expressed at much higher level compared to the single, high dose-treated cells. Interestingly, even though PARP was induced at 6 h post-incubation In both cell types, its expression was more prominent in CHO cells. Thus, our data indicate that the retained level of intact PARP against UV damage inversely correlates with incidence of apoptosis in mammalian cells, and also suggest that a machinery to protect the PARP degradation against UV damage exists in CHO but not in HeLa S3 cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of dietary level of CLA and the duration of feeding CLAcontaining diets on reproductive performance in sows and piglet growth rate. Tallow (3% in gestation diet and 5% in lactation diet, respectively) was incorporated as a fat source in control diet, and each 50% (dietary CLA level of 0.75% in gestation diet, and 1.50% in lactation diet, respectively) or 100% (dietary CLA level of 1.50% in gestation diet, and 2.50% in lactation diet, respectively) of tallow was replaced by a commercial CLA preparation containing 50% CLA isomers. Diets containing CLA were fed either from d 15 premating to weaning or d 74 post-mating to weaning. The level of dietary CLA and feeding duration did not affect litter size. High dietary level of CLA, however, decreased piglet weights at birth (p<0.01) and tended to decrease backfat thickness of sows at weaning. Longterm feeding of CLA-containing diets decreased piglet weights at weaning (p<0.05) and backfat thickness of sows at weaning (p<0.05). CLA supplemented in sow diet was transferred to fetus and piglets during pregnancy and nursing period, respectively. CLA contents of femoral muscle of piglets were 2.08 to 2.57 mg per g of fat at birth, and 2.36 to 4.47 mg at 10 days of age in CLA groups, while CLA was not detected in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CLA tended to lower backfat thickness of sow and piglets' weight at birth or weaning, but did not affect total litter size. Dietary CLA was transferred efficiently during prenatal and postnatal periods of time through the placenta and milk, respectively.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.461-471
• /
• 2018

The role of urban agriculture should not be limited as a small-scale crop cultivation activity as it was, but it has to be considered as an entire process of a agriculture activity for the restoration of the city community. This study is based on the assumption that there has been a significant change in urban lifestyle and urban farming preference, considering the overall improvement in standard of living after implementation of five day work week system. It was conducted for urban citizens who were interested in actual urban agriculture for ages 19 and over who visited the Korea Urban Agriculture Exhibition in 2018. Only 115 valid samples were used for the empirical analysis. To analyze the demographic characteristics and effects of urban agriculture, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted. In order to analyze the reliability and validity of the measurement variables of the effect, the variables that deteriorate the validity were removed and 15 variables of the urban agricultural effect were selected. According to the result of factor analysis, three factors were extracted as follows: socially sustainable effect, negative effect and economically sustainable effect. In order to examine the effects of urban agriculture depending on income level, the one-way ANOVA, which is a statistical technique for verifying differences in the sample means, was performed. The psychological stability of people, the recovery of humanity through communion with nature, and the vitalization of agriculture linked with local agriculture had significant correlations with income level. The negative effect showed no significant correlation with income level. The improvement of the local environment was found to have an impact in relation with income level. We expect that there will be more studies on policies for the new types and models of urban agriculture in order to make it easier for urban citizens to approach it.