• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2005

This study performed intensive indicators based on a model of economics of education. Trends of childcare in Korea were obtained by producing values developed with statistical data. Results showed that such simple initial indicator values as numbers of children, institutions and teachers have improved. However, intensive indicator values that take demographic and economic conditions into consideration have not reached the same rate of progress as the initial indicator values. In other words, qualitative growth remains at an unsatisfactory level in comparison to quantitative growth and to qualitative growth in members of the Organization for Economics Cooperation and Development (OECD).Thus, financial investment by the government should be expanded in order to reach the desired level of high quality in daycare for children.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.201-208
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• 2020

Terms of trade is an important indicator of the welfare gains from international trade to the exporting country. Terms of trade of oil-exporting countries are hypothesized to depend primarily on oil prices. The study assesses the relation between oil prices and the terms of trade of Saudi Arabia. The study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag method to determine the cointegration between the country's terms of trade and oil prices for the period 2000-2018. The data for net barter terms of trade is taken from World Development Indicators and oil price is taken from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency. The results show that oil prices and terms of trade are cointegrated and any disequilibrium between the two variables is corrected by 35% in a year. The study also reports a positive relationship between the two items, both in the short run and long run. Diagnostic tests indicate the model to be fit. The results suggest that, for a primarily oil-producing country like Saudi Arabia, the terms of trade depend on oil prices. The study fills the gap in the literature on the study of terms of trade for Saudi Arabia for the last few years, where there has been a high volatility in oil prices.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

This paper presents a smartphone application for the clinical practice education conducted in hospitals, with an aim to evaluate its effectiveness. A nonequivalent control group posttest design was used, which included a total of 100 nursing of school students who conducted their clinical practice. They were divided into one control and one experimental group (50 students each). The control group was directly trained in the clinical practice orientation, and the experimental group was a group who self-learned the clinical practice orientation using a smartphone application. Research data were collected between March 5 and April 27, 2019. They were analyzed with descriptive statistics and independent t-test, using the SPSS Statistics Version 24. The smartphone application customized for the clinical practice education was implemented through the following four phases: analysis, design, development, and evaluation. The developed application was registered in Google Play (for Android apps) and Apple Store, and related information was provided, making it available for download. The study showed that the satisfaction with and self-confidence in learning differed significantly between the groups. However, technology acceptance and knowledge acquired through practice showed no statistically significant difference. The research results serve as basic data for applying smartphone applications as an educational method that can replace traditional modes of education, serving as a significant indicator of the education delivery method diversification.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.561-569
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• 2020

This study was done to develop indicators for cities that can be used in the long term and in a sustainable manner. Activation indicators were developed to improve the resilience in the downtown area of Seo-gu, Incheon. Preliminary indicators were derived from prior studies on similar indicators of resilience for urban regeneration, and an expert opinion survey was conducted to analyze the suitability and importance of the indicators. Activation indicators were established for improving urban resilience in six areas: population stability, social inclusion, industrial diversity, local productivity, environmental sustainability, and social-based convenience. From 60 preliminary indicators, 42 indicators were selected through the expert opinion surveys for securing an economically active population, establishing a living infrastructure, improving the settlement environment, and upgrading industry to reflect the characteristics of the West, including industrial complexes. It was found that diversification is necessary. Further study is still necessary to improve the objectivity of the indicators and calculate a resilience index. The significance of this study is that it looks at quantitative indicators, complements other studies on regional decline diagnosis, and presents realistic alternatives suitable for domestic situations based on the concept of resilience.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-103
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• 2003

This study is to analyse spatial impacts of tourism on fishing villages in Jeju island. The analysis shows that the location of tourist function - sea or land - has an influence on spatial use of pre-tourist and tourist function. The locational changes of tourist function are to be the indicator of the developmental stages, the uses of 'where' to be the phases, the uses of 'where' and 'what' to be the process in the spatial impacts of tourism on fishing villages. The phases are 'time combination $\longrightarrow$spatial combination $\longrightarrow$time combination', the process is 'widened range.diversification $\longrightarrow$ range.specialization' according as the tourist function of the sea changes into the land. This is to be risk management of the tourist function.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.215-224
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• 2005

With the recent increase of sensitivity to decors, there has been an ever-increasing significance of exhibiting the beauty of the outer looks of an article. This trend has necessarily led to the diversification and also specialization of the color scheme activities. And so, it is inevitable that we should form the substantial ideas of the color scheme and further on, enhance the efficacy of its orientation under the prevailing circumstances. Now, we come to a realization that we must first take a glance at the whole picture of the arrays of color embedded in a variety of articles in the sixties and seventies of the 20th century, a bold introduction of color designs, thereby tracing the birth of color designs and finding a meaning in its mechanism. This study begins with the obtaining of a large collection of articles in those days, along with the literature on the commercial effects color suggest, and looking into the background of their trend and finding a meaning that underlies what these colors suggest. The general idea of those color designs exemplifies that the color selection was none other than the simplicity and convenience in the making of things in doser relation to the easy selling. With the advance of material quality and enhancement of the industrial idealism, it has been proved that color plays an important role in depicting the image of quality and tastes of class. In that role color has been given the indicator of visual delights and differentials in quality articles. All this has been reflected in a diversity of articles: for instance, white for household appliances, prime color for living necessaries and natural color for the decore like furniture. Formerly, after all, people used to have little regard for color. What is color for, it was thought, in relation to the selling image of articles? That is wily our preceding generation pays attention only to the first-hand looks of articles, neglecting the intensive study on color. We are beginning to understand what image a certain color scheme evokes in our feeling.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to increase awareness and interest regarding polar science and thereby aid in establishing the concept and future direction of polar literacy. To analyze the current status, textbooks based on the common school curriculum pertaining to polar topics were reviewed. Six countries that actively conduct polar science, namely Korea, France, Japan, Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom, were chosen. Subsequently, 402 cases in 110 science and social studies (geography) textbooks of these countries were analyzed through both quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the obtained results, the importance of polar research in geoscience education and the need for spreading awareness regarding polar research as an indicator of global environmental changes were examined. It was found that the primary polar topics described in the textbooks are polar glaciers, polar volcanism, solid geophysics, polar infrastructure, and preservation of geological resources and heritage. This demonstrates that the polar region is a field of research with important clues to Earth's past, present, and future environments and is also a good teaching subject for geological education. However, an educational approach is needed for systematically laying emphasis on polar research. The implications of this study are manifold, such as the establishment of a cooperative system between polar scientists and educators, extraction of core concepts for polar literacy and content reconstruction, discovery of new polar topics associated with the curriculum, diversification of forms of presentation in textbooks, and development of an affective image that is based on correct cognitive understanding. Furthermore, through the continuance of polar topics in textbooks, students can improve their awareness regarding polar literacy and polar science culture, which in turn will serve as the driving force for sustainable polar research in the future.