• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1989

To determine the relation between cGMP and ion reabsorption in rat medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (mTALH) the effects of loop diuretics, furosemide and ethacrynic acid, on the guanylate cyclase of rat mTALH were investigated. The interactions between loop diuretics and cyclooxygenase inhibitors, aspirin and indomethacin, on guanylate cyclase of rat mTALH were also investigated. Furosemide and ethacrynic acid increased guanylate cyclase activity and these effects were not inhibited by aspirin or indomethacin. Arachidonic acid potentiated the stimulatory effect of furosemide on guanylate cyclase. These results suggest that furosemide and ethacrynic acid activate guanylate cyclase directly, and in addition, furosemide affects indirectly via prostaglandin. The reabsorption of sodium chloride may be, at least partially, controlled by cGMP in mTALH.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1982

A Clinical study was carried out to observe changes in concentration of serum and urinary potassium during and after open-heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation with Heart-Lung-Machine. The patients studied in the present work included eight cases of congenital heart anomalies and seven cases of acquired valvular diseases of the heart. Blood and urine samples were collected at intervals of 30 minutes during open-heart surgery and at intervals of 8 hours until 48 hours after the operation to determine concentration of serum and urinary potassium. 1.While the concentration of urinary potassium was not changed during the operation, the concentration of urinary potassium was rapidly increased after the operation. Eight hours after the operation, the concentration of urinary potassium was increased to the highest value of 86.97±43.96 mEq/L and was gradually decreased thereafter. The concentration of urinary potassium, however, still remained elevated even 48 hours after the operation, the concentration being greater than preoperative state by 19.90 mEq/L. 2.The concentration of urinary potassium after the operation was higher in the group who went through 90 minutes of extracorporeal circulation [$108.71{\pm}94.71mEq/L$] than in the group who went through 60 minutes of extracorporeal circulation [$86.58{\pm}50.87mEq/L$]. The Increased level of urinary potas-sium observed In the group who went through 90 minutes of extracorporeal circulation continued for longer period of time as compared with that in the group who went through 60 minutes of extracorporeal circulation. 3.The increased level of urinary potassium was observed in the both groups of patients with or without diuretics plus digitalis therapy. However, the increased level of urinary potassium appeared to con-tinue for longer period of time in the group of patients receiving diuretics plus digitalis therapy prior to the operation than in the group of patients receiving no diuretics plus digitalis therapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2009

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and it causes cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. While antihypertensive drug use increased, it took 15% of national health insurance drug expenditure. This study aimed to examine the pattern of antihypertensive drug prescription using National Health Insurance claims database and compare it with recommendations of Korea Hypertension Treatment Guidelines. Among the antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blocker(64.4%) was most commonly prescribed class, and diuretics(44.6%), angiotensin II receptor blocker(33.3%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(11.7%) was followed. Approximately 81% of antihypertensives prescription were without cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and among the comorbid conditions, diabetes(10.7%) was most common. calcium channel blocker(62.3%) was mostly prescribed class for hypertension with angina pectoris, angiotensin receptor blocker(45.3%) with myocardial infarction, diuretics(70.2%) and calcium channel blocker(49.5%) with congestive heart failure. For Hypertension with cerebrovascular disease, calcium channel blocker(68.0%) and angiotensin receptor blocker(43.3%) were prescribed mainly. When it comes to diabetes, calcium channel blocker(57.2%) was still mostly prescribed and angiotensin receptor blocker(45.9%) followed. But in hospitals and tertiary hospitals, angiotensin receptor blocker(65.7, 66.1%) was mostly prescribed for the patients with diabetes. For Hypertension with chronic renal disease, angiotensin receptor blocker(59.5%), calcium channel blocker(56.5%), diuretics(54.6%) were mainly used. Average number of classes per prescribing was $1.89{\pm}0.89$ class, average days per prescribing was $33{\pm}19$ day. Among the hypertension without comorbidity, 40.5% of prescription was monotherapy and 58.8% of polytherapy included diuretics. Among the outpatient prescriptions, calcium channel blocker was the most commonly used class, and the prescription pattern in clinic did not closely followed recommendations of Hypertension Treatment Guidelines.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.463-475
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• 1993

Pharmacological effects of lemakalim on cardiovascular system were investigated using isolated rat hearts and conscious SHRs subjected to hyperkalemic and hypokalemic condition. In the isolated hearts perfused with normal physiological salt solution(4.7 mM KCI), lemakalim increased cardiac function and coronary flow, and these effects were significantly potentiated under hypokalemic(1.2, 2.5 mM KCI), but attenuated under hyperkalemic(IO mM KCI) condition. In conscious SHRS, lemakalim(0.1, 0.2, 0.3mg/kg, p.o.) produced a dose-related decrease in systolic blood pressure, the maximal hypotensive effect being reached around 0.5 hr after dosing. The intensity and the duration of hypotensive effect of lemakalim were significantly increased when administered in combination with dihydrochlorothiazide (2 mg/kg, p.o.), but decreased with triamterene(32 mg/kg, p.o.). It appears that the differential effects of two types of diuretics on the hypotensive action of lemakalim are due to their hypokalemic and hyperkalemic action, respectively. It is conclued that the concomitant use of $K^{+}$ channel openers and hypokalemic diuretics may be an appropriate model of combination therapy in the treatment of hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0. Results: Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin $B_1$, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.308-310
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• 1982

During the closure of the sternum, following the mitral valve replacement for mitral stenoinsufficiency, hemodynamic instability with cardiac tamponade was developed. After transfusion of massive diuretics and albumin for a few times, reclosure of the sternum was attempted with development of hemodynamic instability. And so we decided delayed sternal closure. After 72 hours of mitral valve replacement, delayed sternal closure was done with success, and so we report this case with literatures.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 1962

Decoctions of three indigenous crude drugs Euphorbia Sieboldiana Hara, Plantaginis Semen, and Alismatis Rhizoma are utilized in herb medcine as effective diuretics for human subjects. These crude drugs were administered to the experimental dogs to determi

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 1995

Re-expansion pulmonary edema following pneumothorax or hemothorax is clinically uncommon but occasionally life threatening. Clinical details are given of two patients.Ipsilateral pulmonary edema were developed after chest tube insertion due to spontaneous pneumothorax in case I and after evacuation of postoperative hemothorax in case II. The patients were treated with frequent bronchial toilet.The administration of colloid solution and diuretics was effective. The possible mechanisms underlying the edema are discussed.Both increased time of collapse and suction tended to correlate with reexpansion edema.The present two cases provided evidence for longstanding lung collapse and immediate application of suction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2006

An 8-month-old 3.15 kg female Cocker-spaniel with history of ataxia referred to the Veterianary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. There were no abnormalities in CBC and serum chemical analysis. Agenesis of dens was found on dorsoventral view in cervical radiography. Compressed cervical spinal cord and enlarged cerebral ventricle were observed in magnetic resonance imaging. It was diagnosed as atlantoaxial instability with hydrocephalus. For conservative therapy, neck brace was applied and diuretics and prednisolone were administered. The dog's ataxia became better gradually.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1983

The rhizome of Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schm. (=Reynoutria sachalinensis Nakai, Polygonaceae) has been used as "Polygoni Rhizoma" (Hu Zhang) in the Orient as laxatives, diuretics and for treatment of suppurative dermatitis, gonorrhoea, favus and athlete's foot. From the methanolic extract of the dried rhizome physcion, emodin, emodin-8-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside as anthraquinone derivatives and .betha.-sitosterol glucoside were isolated and identified. Stilbene derivatives which have antibacterial and antifungal activities were also isolated.