• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.301-311
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• 1987

의사들의 지역간 분포양상 및 불균형 정도를 체계적으로 측정하여, 장기적이고 합리적인 의사인력의 배분정책 수립을 위한 기초자료로 제시하고자 1980년과 1985년의 인구센서스 통계자료와 정기의사 신고자료를 이용하여 의사, 일반의, 전문의의 지역간 불균형정도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1980년에는 전체의사의 10.4%가 군지역에 위치하고 있었으나 1985년에는 9.6%로 군지역 분포율이 낮아졌고, 인구 100,000명당 의사수는 1980년에는 군지역에 9.18명이던 것이 1985년에는 12.95명으로 증가했다. 일반의는 1980년에 군지역에 14.7% 분포되어 있었으나 1985년에는 12.7%로 낮아졌고, 인구 100,000명당 의사수는 7.13에서 7.29명으로 증가했다. 전문의의 경우 1980년에는 5.1%가 군지역에 위치하고 있었으나 1985년에는 7.3% 증가되었고, 인구 100,000명당 의사수도 2.05명에서 5.66명으로 증가했다. 군지역에의 분포비율이 10%를 초과한 전문과목별 전문의는 일반외과와 예방의학과 뿐이었으며, 1980년에 비해 1985년에 군지역 분포비율이 흉부외과 전문의를 제외하고는 모든 전문과목에서 높아졌다. Gini계수의 1980년$\sim$1985년간 변화율은 의사 -15.40%, 일반의 18.01%, 전문의 -10.43%로서 일반의의 불균형 정도가 심화되었고, 구지역간과 군지역간에는 모든 의사의 분포가, 시지역간에는 일반의의 분포만 더 불균형하게 된 것으로 나타났다. 전문의 중에서는 소아과 전문의의 변화율이 -12.24%로 가장 높았으며, 신경외과, 흉부외과, 성형외과, 안과, 결핵과, 예방의학과, 해부병리과 전문의는 1980년보다 1985년에 Gini계수가 더 높아졌다. 그리고 1985년 기준으로 일반외과 전문의의 Gini계수만 0.4369로 0.5이하였고, 0.8이상인 전문과목은 성형외과, 결핵과, 임상병리과, 해부병리과, 재활의학과 등이었다. 의사의 지역간 균형분포를 위해서는 의사의 지역간 분포요인 분석 연구를 통해, 이를 기초로 적절한 배분정책을 수립해야 할 것이며, 공공의료인력의 효과적인 활용이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.3762-3781
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• 2020

Infrared pedestrian target recognition is a vital problem of significant interest in computer vision. In this work, a novel infrared pedestrian target recognition method that uses heterogeneous features with multi-kernel transfer learning is proposed. Firstly, to exploit the characteristics of infrared pedestrian targets fully, a novel multi-scale monogenic filtering-based completed local binary pattern descriptor, referred to as MSMF-CLBP, is designed to extract the texture information, and then an improved histogram of oriented gradient-fisher vector descriptor, referred to as HOG-FV, is proposed to extract the shape information. Second, to enrich the semantic content of feature expression, these two heterogeneous features are integrated to get more complete representation for infrared pedestrian targets. Third, to overcome the defects, such as poor generalization, scarcity of tagged infrared samples, distributional and semantic deviations between the training and testing samples, of the state-of-the-art classifiers, an effective multi-kernel transfer learning classifier called MK-TrAdaBoost is designed. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art recognition approaches for infrared pedestrian targets.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-227
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• 1993

Aquatic insects were collected from 18 sites in the Yongsan River System from August, 1988 to July, 1989. The monthly fluctuation and distributional pattern of the aquatic insects along the environmental factors were investigated. Quantitatively collected aquatic insects were identified, and numbers, standing biomass, dominance indices and diversity indices in each site and month were determined. The aquatic insect faun of the Yongsan River System was composed of 146 species, 82 genera, 38 families in 7 orders including 44 species of mayflies, 32 species of caddisflies, 24 species of stoneflies, 21 species of flies, 16 species of beetles, 6 species of dragonflies and 3 species of dobsonflies. Seasonal occurrence of species were more diversified in winter and spring than in summer. Also, the number of individuals occurred was higher in winter and spring than in summer while it was the highest in upper stream and the lowest in Kwang-ju stream. Component ratio of the number of individuals according to the insect orders was as follows: Mayflies 38.71%, Flies 36.97%, Stoneflies 10.21%, Caddisflies 6.80%, Beetles 2.96%, Dobbsonflies 2.74%, Dragonflies 0.95%. Percentage of standing biomass according to insect orders were as follows: Mayfiles 32.81%, Stoneflies 26.51%, Caddisflies 17.58%, Dobbsonflies 14.84%, Flies 3.74%, Beetles 3.08%, Dragonflies 1.45%, The highest standing biomass occurred in spring and the lowest in summer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and distributional pattern of meiobenthos on the sediment of the mangrove forest and seagrass bed in the Chuuk lagoon. The samples were collected by an acryl corer at 14 stations. Nematodes were the most abundant meiobenthos, followed by ciliophorans and polychaetes; these taxa comprised more than 70% of the total abundance at all stations. The meiofuuna sampled in seagrass bed were more diverse than those of mangrove substrates. Total densities were higher in mangrove stations than other sites, averaging 1,671 to $2,967inds/10cm^2$. Densities in seagrass area ranged between 605 and $1,053inds/10cm^2$. Biomasses, however, were higher in seagrass bed $(975-2,167{\mu}g\;free\;dry\;weight/10cm^2)$ than in mangrove area $(1,064-1,180{\mu}g\;free\;dry\;weight/10cm^2)$. Ordination chart by MDS of major meiofaunal density in each station showed difference between mangrove area and seagrass area in terms of habitat of meiobenthos.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and distributional pattern of meiobenthos in the deep-sea bottom of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone of northeastern Pacific during July 2001. Examination of sediment samples collected on the eight survey station showed that there were 10 different types of meiobenthos. The most abundant meiobenthic animals were nematodes in all stations. Sarcomastigophorans, benthic harpacticoids were next abundant meiobenthos. Vertical distribution of meiobenthic animals showed the highest individual numbers in the surface sediment layers of 0-1 cm depth and showed more steep decreasing trend as sediment gets deeper on the stations of high latitude located in $16-17^{\circ}N$. Horizontal distribution of meiobenthic animal in the study area within CCFZ showed high densities of meiobenthos at the stations had few manganese nodules on their sediment surface in the site of low latitude. For size distribution analyses showed that animals which fit into the sieve mesh size of 0.063 mm were abundant.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1979

빛이 어류의 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 잉어, Cyprinus carpio에 광척극을 가한 실험을 낮과 밤에 각각 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 잉어의 분포율은 본 실험에 사용한 제한된 수조내에서 U자형과 거의 같은 구간분포경향을 보였다. 2. 빛의 세기가 어떤 적정치보다 더 강하거나 약할 때 어류가 광원으로부터 멀리 떨어진 곳에 모였기 때문에 잉어의 적정수중조도가 발견되었다. 3. 수중조도에 대한 집어율곡선의 최대치로부터 잉어의 집어율이 낮과 밤에 차이가 있었다. 4. 잉어의 집어율이 최대인 평균수중조도는 낮에 $3.813lux(2.99\~4.761\;lux)$였고, 밤에는 $6.292lux(5.0\~7.89\;lux)$였다. 5. 잉어의 집어율은 반사집어율과 평형집어율의 두가지 형태로 나타났다. 6. 반사집어율은 광원을 점등한 직후에 나타났으며, 시간에 따라 변화를 보였고, 평형집어율은 거의 균일하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.147-151
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• 1998

The reproductive phenology of Gracilaria verrucosa was studied in Cheongsapo near Pusan, Korea. Among the life history phases, tetrasporic plants occurred dominantly in varying degrees of abundance throughout the year except from July to September. Cystocarpic plants increased rapidly during summer, and then recorded maximum abundance in July. Whereas, seasonal peaks of spermatangial plants were observed in April and September. However, they were less than cystocarpic plants in abundance. Vegetative plants dominated from December to May for long period, with a occurrence peak in February. Even though fertile plants in both gametophytes and tetrasporophytes occurred throughout the year, their seasonal abundance suggests that the positive correlation between reproduction and water temperature is basically found in the reproductive pattern of Gracilaria verrucosa. The distributional aspect of life history phases appears to be related with differences of their longevity, fecundity or survivorship.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

Quercus aliena and Q. serrata are both occur as natural vegetation alongside natural freshwater bodies of the southern Korea Peninsula. Q. serrata dominates over Q. aliena as secondary forest vegetation in the present day. In order to explain these natural distributional traits of the oak species, we conducted some experiments with oak seedlings which treated with major important environmental resources, including light, moisture and nutrients, under controlled conditions. We then measured the ecological niche breadths and overlap from 15 eco-morphological characteristics. The ecological niche breadth of Q. aliena and Q. serrata were higher in terms of the nutrient factor applied, but was lower terms of light. The niche breadth of Q. serrata was wider than that of Q. aliena in light and moisture exposure. On the other hand, the niche breadth of Q. aliena was similar with that of Q. serrata in terms of the nutrient factor applied. These results imply that Q. serrata has a broader ecological distribution in over a wider variety of light and moisture environments than that of Q. alien. Ecological niche overlap between two oak species was the widest in terms of the light treatment factor applied, and narrowest in terms of moisture. This response pattern was also verified by cluster and principle component analysis. These results suggest competitive interactions between Q. serrata and Q. aliena seedlings may be higher for light resources than moisture or nutrient resources, and that Q. serrata is more shade tolerant than Q. aliena.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.305-309
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• 1999

하천에서 tetracycline과 gentamicin 저항성 유전자인 tetQ와 aacC2의 분포를 알아보기 위해 순천지역의 하천수로부터 전체 세균군집의 DNA를 분석하였다. 배양되지 않는 세균의 저항성을 고려하여 1liter의 하천수에 들어 있는 전체 세균의 DNA를 freeze-thaw 방법으로 추출하여 PCR을 통해 표적 유전자의 출현 정도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 tetQ 유전자는 축산농장이 있는 제 1지점에서 가장 많은 것으로 나타난데 반해 aacC2 유전자는 하천의 하류인 제5지점에서 가장 많이 출현하였다. 이러한 결과는 항생물질 저항성 유전자가 수질의 오염원을 알 수 있는 표지로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

The histology and anatomy of the olfactory organ in Luciogobius guttatus was investigated using a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The paired olfactory organs in the dorsal part of the snout are situated in between the upper lip and the eyes. They consist of two nostrils, one anterior and the other posterior openings, and a single olfactory cavity. The anterior nostril, an incurrent opening, forms a short tubular structure from the skin. The posterior nostril, an excurrent opening, forms a circular structure opened to the exterior. The distributional pattern of the sensory epithelium is a continuous type. The sensory epithelium with numerous-motile cilia is made up of receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells, and mucous cells. In contrast, the non-sensory epithelium is comprised of stratified epithelial cells and two types of mucous cells, acidic and neutral cells. The cilia number of the receptor cell is in range of 3 to 4 units. Such results in L. guttatus may reflect its ecological habit and microhabitat in the tidal zone with a periodic tide.