• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 1983

The analysis in external morphology of Astilbe including three endemic species in Korea was undertaken. From this study, five species and three varieties of Astilbe in Korea were redescribed. Their scientific names and Korean names were also consulted. Korean Astilbe could be grouped in two Series-Series 1. Simplicifoliae; Astilbe simplicifoliae and Series 2. compositae; A. taquetii, A. microphylla, A. chiensis var. chinensis, A. chinensis var. paniculata, A. chinensis var. davidii, A. divaricata, A. koreana. Interspecific relationships of eight taxa were represented as a toxonomic model by the considering their external morphology-pubescence on floral axis and surface of leafblade, inflorescence type, ratio of petal and stamen length-and distributional range in Korea and neighboring countries.

• Language and Information
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2001

One of the controversial issues in English locative inversion (LI) construction( e. g. Under the tree sat a woman) has been the functional status of preverbal PP and postverbal NP, i.e. whether they are a subject, a complement, or filer (topic) Based on the distributional parallelisms between the PP and NP on the one hand and an ordinary subject and filler on the other this paper proposes that the PP has a dual function as a subject and filler, while the NP also has some subject properties that the PP does not have These mixed functional properties are analyzed in the theory of HPSG expecially with the versions recently developed by Sag(1997) Manning and Sag(1999) and Ginzburg and Sag(to appear). This analysis claims that the LI construction needs to satisfy two general, independent constraints head-subject- phrase and head-filler-phrase. This position suggests that the English LI construction is an instance of the peripheral phenomena whose construction specific constraint is inherited from more general core constraints. (Dongseo University)

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

The frequency analyses for the precipitation data in Korea were performed. We used daily maximum series, monthly maximum series, and annual series. For nonparametric frequency analyses, variable kernel estimators were used. Nonparametric methods do not require assumptions about the underlying populations from which the data are obtained. Therefore, they are better suited for multimodal distributions with the advantage of not requiring a distributional assumption. In order to compare their performance with parametric distributions, we considered several probability density functions. They are Gamma, Gumbel, Log-normal, Log-Pearson type III, Exponential, Generalized logistic, Generalized Pareto, and Wakeby distributions. The variable kernel estimates are comparable and are in the middle of the range of the parametric estimates. The variable kernel estimates show a very small probability in extrapolation beyond the largest observed data in the sample. However, the log-variable kernel estimates remedied these defects with the log-transformed data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.754-756
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• 2003

DNA칩 기술로 얻어지는 대규모 섭동데이터(perturbation data)는 생물학적시스템(biological system)의 유전자네트워크(genetic network)를 재구성(reverse-engineering)하는데 있어 유용하다. 그러나 기존의 연구는 유전자 조절 관계의 규명이나 혹은 데이터를 설명하는 최적의 모델을 찾는 방향에만 관심을 두고 있고. 실험적인 한계로 인한 DNA칩 데이터의 오류가 재구성된 네트워크의 구조에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 중요하게 다루고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 유전자 네트워크의 멱함수(power-low) 분포 구조를 이용하여, 섭동 데이터의 오류가 재구성된 네트워크의 토폴로지(topology)에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 가상의 네트워크에 대한 데이터를 사용하여 실험한 결과, 데이터의 오류 정도에 따른 네트워크 토폴로지의 변형 양상을 관측할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.507-515
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• 2002

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Loss Estimated System of Flood Disaster based on GIS is an integrated system comprised flood disaster information receiving and collection, flood disaster simulation, and flood disaster estimation. When the system receives and collects remote sensing monitoring and conventional investigation information, the distributional features of flood disaster on space and time is obtained by means of image processing and information fusion. The economic loss of flood disaster can be classified into two pus: direct economic loss and indirect economic loss. The estimation of direct economic loss applies macroscopic economic analysis methods, i.e. applying Product (Industry and Agriculture Gross Product or Gross Domestic Product - GDP) or Unit Synthetic Economic Loss Index, direct economic loss can be estimated. Estimating indirect economic loss applies reduction coefficient methods with direct economic loss. The system can real-timely ascertains flood disaster and estimates flood Loss, so that the science basis fur decision-making of flood control and relieving disaster may be provided.

• Language and Information
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-137
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• 2003

This paper attempts to provide an alternative analysis involving categorical issues related to English gerunds. Especially, this paper rejects Maulof's approach that creates a new syntactic category gerund by mixing nominal and verbal categories. This paper identifies two syntactic structures in English gerunds: nominal gerunds and verbal gerunds. This distinction is based on syntactic and semantic characteristics of each type and is intended to account for the external distribution and endocentricity of the construction. Treating verbal gerunds syntactically as verbal categories, this paper proposes that English verbal gerunds act like other verbal categories such as infinitives whereas nominal gerunds behaves much like derived nominals. This paper proposes a few lexical rules that can take care of the two types of gerunds. The proposal can be extended to prepositional complements as well as sentential subject positions. This proposal not only resolves the issues involving distributional properties of the gerund construction but also captures syntactic parallelism observable between gerunds and other verbal constructions in English.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2013

Many retailer store managers are experiencing the situation where some customers balk at purchasing products if the stock is low. In this paper, we extend the single period newsvendor model in an environment of customer balking behavior occurring at double threshold inventory levels assuming the chance of sales during balking is a discrete function of inventory level. Our analysis is based on the assumption that only the mean and the variance of demand are known, without assuming any specific distributional form. We derive the explicit general expression of optimal order quantity with unknown distribution of demand with double threshold inventory levels of customer balking. Then, we illustrate the concepts developed here through simple numerical examples and conclude the future research topics under balking situation.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.633-645
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• 2018

Gaussian error distributions are a common choice in traditional regression models for the maximum likelihood (ML) method. However, this distributional assumption is often suspicious especially when the error distribution is skewed or has heavy tails. In both cases, the ML method under normality could break down or lose efficiency. In this paper, we consider the log-concave and Gaussian scale mixture distributions for error distributions. For the log-concave errors, we propose to use a smoothed maximum likelihood estimator for stable and faster computation. Based on this, we perform comparative simulation studies to see the performance of coefficient estimates under normal, Gaussian scale mixture, and log-concave errors. In addition, we also consider real data analysis using Stack loss plant data and Korean labor and income panel data.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.571-583
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic properties of causality and asymmetric price transmission in the distributional channel of the tomato market in Korea. Using the wholesale and retail price series of the tomato market, we obtain the following results. First, the price transmission mechanism reveals the causal relationship channeling from the wholesale price to the retail price. Second, we find an asymmetric price transmission from the analysis using the threshold partial adjustment model. The retail price responds strongly when the wholesale price increases. On the other hand, the retail price shows sluggish adjustment when the wholesale price decreases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.720-725
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• 2010

On the basis of vegetation data in the 9.12 ha (380 m ${\times}$ 240 m) permanent sample plot of the spruce-fir valley forest in Liangshui National Reserve of Xiaoxing'an Mountains, the study was conducted to evaluate spatial distribution pattern and spatial association by using point pattern analysis for living and dead trees of Larix gmelini by DBH size class. The number of L. gmelini were counted as 59 living stems/ha (6.42 $m^2$/ha of basal area) and 34 dead stems/ha (2.86 $m^2$/ha of basal area). The distributional curve of diameter class exhibited bimodal shape. The analysis of spatial distribution patterns of all living larch stems noted the clumped distribution on the whole. The size of larch aggregates of dead stems was decreased as diameter class was increased. The distribution of dead stems became gradually randomized with decreased clumped size as the scale increased. Living stems and dead stems of the larch had positive spatial association at most of scales, illustrating that the occurrence of mortality of the larch tree was closely related to the distribution pattern of living larch trees.