• 4차산업연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Purpose - O2O (online to off-line) is a new economic concept being emerged in the 4^th industrial age. Automobile distribution is also undergoing a change to the O2O system. In overseas, vehicles are already being sold through various online platforms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic and foreign automobile distribution structure and intends to suggest the desirable direction of automobile sales in the 4th industrial age. Research design, data, and methodology - Through the investigation of previous studies and the actual cases, the advantages and disadvantages and trends of different types of automobile distribution structures. Result - It can be seen that domestic and foreign automobile brands have quite diverse distribution structures such as direct managed system, agency system, dealer system, direct sales system, online system and online/offline parallel system. Each type has its own characteristics. Conclusion - The distribution structure of automobiles is very diverse, and in particular, it is rapidly changing to an online sales system thanks to the development of information and communication technology and Internet technology and the popularization of smartphones. Through the online system, consumers can quickly and conveniently obtain vehicle information. Although the online sales system has many advantages, it requires continuous management

• 4차산업연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Purpose - O2O (online to off-line) is a new economic concept being emerged in the 4^th industrial age. Automobile distribution is also undergoing a change to the O2O system. In overseas, vehicles are already being sold through various online platforms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic and foreign automobile distribution structure and intends to suggest the desirable direction of automobile sales in the 4th industrial age. Research design, data and methodology - Through the investigation of previous studies and the actual cases, the advantages and disadvantages and trends of different types of automobile distribution structures. Result - It can be seen that domestic and foreign automobile brands have quite diverse distribution structures such as direct managed system, agency system, dealer system, direct sales system, online system and online/offline parallel system. Each type has its own characteristics. Conclusion - The distribution structure of automobiles is very diverse, and in particular, it is rapidly changing to an online sales system thanks to the development of information and communication technology and Internet technology and the popularization of smartphones. Through the online system, consumers can quickly and conveniently obtain vehicle information. Although the online sales system has many advantages, it requires continuous management.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2024

Purpose: The current research investigates historical and future trends of tourist distribution channels in the tourism services business. The research examines historical patterns, current shifts, and new technologies in electricity distribution to offer insight into the distribution dynamics and advice for companies and regulators. Research design, data and methodology: The research in this case specifically employed the PRISMA approach when it comes to the data collection and research methodology. (PRISMA). The process is specifically made up of four steps, such as (1) Identification of Relevant Studies, (2) Screening and Selection Procedures, (3) Data Synthesis and Analysis, and (4) Reporting of Findings. Results: The fast-changing technology offers all opportunities to innovate the sector of tourism services. These upcoming technologies are not just reconstructing the way customers interact and operate but they are also creating room for development. Besides "the utilization of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, and blockchain, the current state of tourism distribution channels also implies some other possible consequences. Conclusions: These research results show that we should not be reluctant about adopting new technologies, we should expand direct booking systems, promote eco-friendly tourism, and use data analytics in order to provide personalized experiences.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2000

In this study, the distribution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated on the seasonal basis across spring, summer, and fall during the year of 1998. According to this analysis, most VOC species investigated exhibited strong temporal trends. Over diurnal scale, there distribution characteristics were affected by seasonal factors strongly. While they showed high day/night ratio pattern during spring, the pattern was reversed during fall. When the seasonal mean values were compared between the two seasons, the spring values were systematically higher than their counterparts in most cases. In addition when our VOC measurement date were compared with those reported from elsewhere, we were able to conclude that the VOC levels in the study area are comparable to the level weakly impacted by the regional emissions of VOCs. Although our data are not sufficient enough to systematically explain the atmospheric distribution and behavior of VOCs, the findings of strong correlations among some of VOC species suggests strong need for investigating their interactions in the earth\`s atmosphere.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.303-321
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• 2002

정부의 범위와 역할이 확대되고 그 활동내용이 다양해지면서 정부차원에서 생산되는 정보량도 지속적으로 증가하게 되었을 뿐만 아니라 정부가 생산한 정보는 국민이 국가정책을 이해하는데 중요한 정보원이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라 정부간행물의 발간정책과 최근 발간경향을 살펴보았으며 정부가 생산한 정도의 합리적 배포체계를 위해 법적 제도적 기술적 측면에서 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2014

We shall consider the estimation for the parameter and the right tail probability in a general exponential distribution. We also shall consider the estimation of the reliability P(X < Y ) and the skewness trends of the density function of the ratio X=(X+Y) for two independent general exponential variables each having different shape parameters and known scale parameter. We then shall consider the estimation of the failure rate average and the hazard function for a general exponential variable having the density function with the unknown shape and known scale parameters, and for a bivariate density induced by the general exponential density.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.134-144
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• 2014

본 연구는 환자분포 및 치료경향을 조사하여 소아치과의 변화하는 진료 양상을 알기 위해 시행하였다. 2008년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 환자를 대상으로 전자의무기록을 수집하고 분석하였다. 조사 결과 초진환자와 비선택 진료의사 1인당 환자 수는 감소하였고 외국인 환자수가 급증하였다. 신환은 만 0~2세의 연령층이 가장 많았고, 내원 주소는 치아우식증, 외상, 부정교합 순으로 높게 나타났다. 수복치료의 분포 결과 복합레진 수복, 아말감 수복, 치면열구전색술은 감소하였고, 자가중합형 글라스아이오노머, 예방적 레진수복이 증가하는 추세였다. 다내원근관치료가 감소하고 당일발수 근관 충전이 증가했으며, 치수복조술과 치수절단술과 같은 보존적 치수치료의 비율이 증가하였다. 환자의 불안을 감소시키기 위해 진정법을 선택하는 경우가 증가하였으며 아산화질소의 이용이 주를 이루었다. 내원 환자의 분포 및 특성을 파악하고, 최신 치료 경향을 제공함으로써 환자의 요구에 부합하는 적절한 치료계획을 수립하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2017

This study analyzed consumers' online fashion shopping site usage by site type and analyzed how product information search and product purchase differ. In addition, by comparing and analyzing preference and selection factors of PC and mobile shopping, we tried to provide basic data of effective mobile commerce operation strategy according to expansion of mobile market in fashion industry. We surveyed the use of 6 types of online sites (portal site, open market, general shopping mall, social commerce shopping mall, brand shopping mall and non-brand shopping mall) to understand the usage of mobile shopping site for consumers' fashion products. Consumer survey subjects were 373 college students in their early 20s who had the most mobile shopping experiences. The questionnaire consisted of online fashion site usage items, internet and mobile fashion shopping preference (6 items), internet and mobile shopping choice behavior (10 items), and purchase intention (3 items) .Data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 program. The high preference of portal sites, open market, social commerce, and non-brand shopping malls in shopping online fashion products is a result of the perceptual changes of major distribution channels and the trends of consumers' value consumption tendency. Therefore, it is necessary for fashion companies to actively cope with fashion product distribution competition with huge shopping sites of current online market by well understanding consumers' preference trends and factors of online sites.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review, analyze and identify the suitability of Kazakh gender policy for the changes taken place in the society with suggesting necessary changes. Research design, data, and methodology - After meticulous reviews of germane literature, the researchers applied an analytical approach which focuses on analyzing the Kazakh's gender policy and its issuance guidelines based on the present requirement in the society. Even though the policy has introduced with astonishing prudence, present-day living trends in society require imperatively some notable modifications which protect the rights of women and minority sections of the society. Results - Through this gender policy, government has proffered required legal, financial and preferential support country's women to participate in the management and legislation of the country. Kazakh gender policy requires upgradations which flawlessly support women in the lifestyles of the feminine community. Conclusions - In achieving gender equality in the economy as a priority area, Kazakh government monitoring persistently and closely the changing trends of women and their requirements which introduce necessary modifications to the existing gender policy of the country with the cooperation of international organization.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.447-459
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• 2006

Long-term trends and distribution patterns of water quality were investigated in the Cheonsu Bay of Korea from 1983 to 2004. Water samples were collected at 4 stations and physicochemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients. Spatial distribution patterns were not clear between stations but the seasonal variations were distinctive except COD, SS and nitrate. Twenty two year long-term trend analysis by PCA revealed the significant changes in water quality in the study area. Water quality during 1980's and early 1990's showed high SS, low nutrients and low COD which increased during the mid and late 1990's and early 2000's. Overall water duality in the Cheonsu Bay indicated the increase in nutrients and COD concentration.