• 충청수학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2011

Every topology is generated by a quasi-uniform distance system. The quasi-uniform distance system is a uniform distance system. The topology is uniformizable if and only if it is generated by the uniform distance system with the symmetric distance function.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.11
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a new approach to detecting outliers in a set of segmented genomes of the flu virus, a data set with a heterogeneous set of sequences. The approach has the following computational phases: feature extraction, which is a mapping into feature space, alignment-free distance measure to measure the distance between any two segmented genomes, and a mapping into distance space to analyze a quantum of distance values. The approach is implemented using supervised and unsupervised learning modes. The experiments show robustness in detecting outliers of the segmented genome of the flu virus.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제11A권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

본 논문은 다량의 고차원 얼굴 표정 모션 데이터를 2차원 공간에 분포시키고, 애니메이터가 이 공간을 항해하면서 원하는 표정들을 실시간 적으로 선택함으로써 얼굴 표정 애니메이션을 생성하는 방법을 기술한다. 본 논문에서는 약 2400여개의 얼굴 표정 프레임을 이용하여 표정공간을 구성하였다. 표정공간의 생성은 임의의 두 표정간의 최단거리의 결정으로 귀결된다. 표정공간은 다양체 공간으로서 이 공간내의 두 점간의 거리는 다음과 같이 근사적으로 표현한다. 임의의 마커간의 거리를 표시하는 거리행렬을 사용하여 각 표정의 상태를 표현하는 표정상태벡터를 정의한 후, 두 표정이 인접해 있으면, 이를 두 표정 간 최단거리(다양체 거리)에 대한 근사치로 간주한다. 그리하여 인접 표정들 간의 인접거리가 결정되면, 이틀 인접거리들을 연결하여 임의의 두 표정 상태간의 최단거리를 구하는데, 이를 위해 Floyd 알고리즘을 이용한다. 다차원 공간인 표정공간을 가시화하기 위해서는 Sammon 매핑을 이용하여 2차원 평면에 투영시켰다. 얼굴 애니메이션은 사용자 인터페이스를 사용하여 애니메이터들이 2차원 공간을 항해하면서 실시간으로 생성한다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
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• pp.500-503
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• 2003

The navigation problem of robot is one of the main themes to deal with conficts or interferences between obstacles and the robot itself In this case, while the robot avoids obstacles on the space, the passage route should be determined efficiently. In order to solve problems above, we have come up with the distance field space medel (DFM) and then, under known environment, we have presented the distance field A algorithm for passage route path search. In this research, the method of performing the 3-dimensional passage route path search of robot under unknown environment is proposed. It is shown that the authors can build the distance search model the does not need space division by taking into account of sensor information to a distance field space model, and constructing this information as virtual obstacle information.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2004

This paper describes the acoustic characteristics of 8 Korean monophthongs. Two acoustic variables were newly manipulated the distance between Fl and F2 (Δ［F2-Fl］). which might be of help for the judgement of the vowel backness. and Euclidian distance between two vowels. ［에］ & ［애］ were observed to be merged in both male vowel space and the female's. respectively. The merger of ［우］ & ［오］, on the other hand, was only seen in the female space. In case of Fl, which concerns the vowel height. the scope of the females' was 1.36 times longer than that of the males' Regarding F2, which is related to the vowel backness. the females used a space 1.29 times longer than the males. The observation of Euclidian distance between the basic 3 vowels (이. 아. 우) showed that the females have longer distance than the males: ［이-아］ 1.25 times, ［아-우］ 1.45 times, and ［이-우］ 1.35 times. respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-108
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• 1998

Backgrounds: Cervical epidural nerve block is useful in the management of a variety of acute, chronic and cancer related pain syndromes involving the head, face, neck and upper extrimity. To safely perfom the cervical epidural block, an appreciation of the expected distance from skin to epidural space is important. We studied the distance from skin to cervical epidural space of adults to determine if any relationship exists between patient height, weight and neck circumference and the distance from skin to epidural space. Methods: Patients 170, suffering from neck and upper extremity pain with cervical HIVD(herniated intervertebral dics) were selected. Cervical epidural block was performed at $C_{6\sim7}$ or $C_{7-}T_1$ intervertebral space. Then measured the distance from skin to epidural space and analysed the relationship between age, height, weight and neck circumference and the distance from skin to epidural space. Results: The cervical epidural depth of male $C_{6\sim7}$, male $C_{7-}T_1$, female $C_{6\sim7}$ and female $C_{7-}T_1$ groups were $5.17{\pm}0.63$, $5.47{\pm}0.59$, $4.84{\pm}0.56$ and $5.01{\pm}0.60$ cm respectively. Cervical epidural depth significantly correlated with body weight, ponderal index and neck circumference. Conclusions: The distance from skin to cervical epidural space has significant relationships with weight, ponderal index and neck circumference. Although experience is important, patient's weight and neck circumference are indicating factor, of the cervical epidural depth.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

본 논문은 다량의 고차원 얼굴 표정 모션 데이터를 2차원 공간에 분포시키고, 애니메이터가 이 공간을 항해하면서 원하는 표정들을 실시간 적으로 선택함으로써 얼굴 표정 애니메이션을 생성하는 방법을 기술한다. 본 논문에서는 약 2400여개의 얼굴 표정 프레임을 이용하여 표정공간을 구성하였다. 표정공간의 생성은 임의의 두 표정간의 최단거리의 결정으로 귀결된다. 표정공간은 다양체 공간으로서 이 공간내의 두 점간의 거리는 다음과 같이 근사적으로 표현한다. 임의의 마커간의 거리를 표시하는 거리행렬을 사용하여 각 표정의 상태를 표현하는 표정상태벡터를 정의한 후, 두 표정이 인접해 있으면, 이를 두 표정 간 최단거리(다양체 거리)에 대한 근사치로 간주한다. 그리하여 인접 표정들 간의 인접거리가 결정되면, 이들 인접거리들을 연결하여 임의의 두 표정 상태간의 최단거리를 구하는데, 이를 위해 Floyd 알고리즘을 이용한다. 다차원 공간인 표정공간을 가시화하기 위해서는 CCA 투영기법을 이용하여 2차원 평면에 투영시켰다 얼굴 애니메이션은 사용자 인터베이스를 사용하여 애니메이터들이 2차원 공간을 항해하면서 실시간으로 생성한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 순환적인 검색공간과 장애물이 존재하는 검색공간에서 객체들을 클러스터링할 때 고려해야하는 CCD(Clustering with Circular Distance) 문제와 COD(Clustering with Obstructed Distance) 문제를 연구하였다. 그리고 다차원 검색공간에서 삽입이나 삭제가 빈번히 발생하는 객체들을 효율적으로 클러스터링하기 위한 새로운 클러스터링 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 클러스터링 알고리즘에는 CCD 및 COD 문제를 해결하기 위한 거리 함수가 정의된다. 그리고 최소의 연산 시간으로 높은 공간 국부성을 갖는 클러스터들을 생성하기 위한 클러스터링 방법이 포함된다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.81.3-81.3
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• 2016

We examine whether the observational stand-off distance ratios of CMEs and their associated ICMEs could be explained by theoretical model or not. For this, we select 16 CME-ICME pairs from September 2009 to October 2012 with the following conditions: (1) limb CMEs by SOHO and their associated ICMEs by twin STEREO spacecraft and vice versa when both spacecraft were roughly in quadrature; (2) the faint structure ahead of a limb CME is well identified; and (3) its associated ICME clearly has a sheath structure. We determine the observational stand-off distance ratios of the CMEs by using brightness profiles from LASCO-C2 (or SECCHI-COR2) observations and those of the ICMEs by solar wind data from STEREO-IMPACT/PLASTIC (or OMNI database) observations. We also determine the theoretical stand-off distance ratios of the CME-ICME pairs using semi-empirical relationship based on the bow shock theory. We find the following results. (1) Observational CME stand-off distance ratio decreases with increasing Mach number at the Mach numbers between 2 and 6. This tendency is consistent with the results from the semi-empirical relationship. (2) The observational stand-off distance ratios of several ICMEs can be explained by the relationship.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2011

Purpose : Recently ultrasound images has been used to measure the subacromial space with a linear measurement of the acromiohumeral distance. The purpose of this study was to comparison of distance of subacromial space using ultrasonographic measurement on arm positions of shoulder injured patients. Methods : The subjects were 30 shoulder injured patients (19 males and 11 females). Ultrasonography was performed to measure subacromial space during each shoulder resting position, $45^{\circ}$ abduction, internal rotation with $45^{\circ}$ abduction and external rotation with $45^{\circ}$ abduction. Results : Subacromial space was a significantly difference between injured arm and normal arm at shoulder resting position. At $45^{\circ}$ abduction, subacromial space was narrowing significantly between injured arm and normal arm. At external rotation with $45^{\circ}$ abduction, subacromial space were wider in normal arm than in injured arm but it was not significantly. Intra-observer reliability for ultrasonography measurement of subacromial distance was excellent (.96~.99). Conclusion : These results identified that positions of injured shoulder was related to subacromion space.