• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2020

This study investigates the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and density in the direct method, the effect of distance between transducers in the indirect method, and the difference between the direct and indirect methods with transducers placed at a distance of 200 mm in nondestructive ultrasonic testing of spruce lumber. The direct method using 54 kHz ultrasonic transducers was applied to two planes, namely, radial section (LR) and tangential section (LT) of samples. The indirect method measurements were taken using the same transducers. Two velocities were measured at the top and bottom of the LT plane and at the two sides of the LR plane; the two values for each plane were averaged. The relationship between density and ultrasound velocity in the direct method demonstrated a positive correlation between the two variables. The difference between the two planes, LT and LR, was not statistically significant. Moreover, the distance between the transducers in the indirect method affected ultrasound velocity, with the ultrasonic velocity increasing as the distance between the transducers became larger. A transducer distance of 200 mm yielded a close approximation of the direct method results with a ratio of 0.87. Finally, no statistical evidence of a difference between the two planes in the indirect method was found. If the direct method, which requires access to two surfaces, is impractical, the indirect method can be applied.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2010

실제 해양환경에서 수직 배열 트랜스듀서들의 위상 변동 특성과 각 트랜스듀서간의 상관관계를 구하는 것은 수중에서의 통신 기법을 결정하는데 중요하다. 본 논문은 동해시 인근 천해 해역에서 시간에 따라 이동하는 탐침 음원에서 전송하여 수직 배열 트랜스듀서들에 수신된 탐침 신호들을 기반으로 수심에 따라 달라지는 수신 신호의 위상 특성을 분석하였다. 그리고 트랜스듀서간의 거리와 송수신기간의 거리를 바꿔가면서 각 트랜스듀서간의 상관관계를 분석하였고 상관관계 변화에 따르는 이론적인 통신 전송 용량 변화를 구하였다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 1995

In this study, the piezoelectric ceramics/polymer composite transducers with 1-3 connectivity have been studied. A piezoelectric ceramics PZT prepared by Wet-Dry Combination method was used as a filler in polymer matrix Eccogel. We've got the pulse-echo response for 1-3 type piezc-electric composite transducers in water. It was shown that the transmitting and receiving sensitivity of 1-3 type piezoelectric composite transducers could be improved in comparison with that- of solid PZT transducers. The reason is for that 1-3 type Piezoelectric composites have low dielectric constant and density. There was in a good agreement between the resonant frequencies calculated from one period and observed results on the Ultrasonic Transducer Analyzer. According to these results we could be figured out the distance in water by virture of the pulse-echo response.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1063-1083
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• 2015

The main purpose of this research is to utilize simple mathematical models to depict the vibration behavior and the resulted sound field of a piezoelectric disk for ultrasonic transducers. Instead of using 1-D vibration model, coupled effect between the thickness and the radial motions was considered to be close to the real vibration behavior. Moreover, Huygens-Fresnel principle was used in both incident and reflected waves to analyze the sound field under obstacles in finite distance. Results of the tested piezoelectric disk show that, discrepancies between the simulation and experiment are 2.5% for resonant frequency and 12% for resulted sound field. Therefore, the proposed method can be used to reduce the complexity in modeling vibration problems, and increase the reliability on analyzing piezoeletric transducers in the design stage.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 1996

The pulse-echo response of the piezoceramics PZT-polymer 3-3 type composite transducers with various PVA additions were investigated. The PZT powder was prepared by the molten salt synthesis method. The porous PZT specimens will be used as a filler to make 3-3 type comosite were prepared from a mixture of PZT and polyvinylalcohol(PVA) sphere by utilizing BURPS(Bumout Plastic Sphere) technique. It was shown that the transmitting and receiving sensitivity of 3-3 type piezoelectric composite transducers could be improved than that of solid PZT transducers. The reason is that 3-3 type piezoelectric composite have low dielectric constant, density and acoustic impedance. The distance between transducer and reflector was in good agreement with the distance calculated from the longitudinal velocity of the specimens and receiving time observed pulse-echo responses on the ultrasonic transducer analyzer.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.35-38
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• 1990

Depths of the vertical cracks in the concrete were determined by the time of flight of the ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic waves are diffracted at the crack tip, and the arrival time of ultrasonic waves are dependent on the crack depth and speration distance between transmitting and receiving ultrasonic transducers. The vertical cracks with 0.2-2mm width and 10-100mm depth were examined by multi-layered ultrasonic transducers. It was found that the time of flight of ultrasonic waves were proportional to the depth of vertical cracks. The depth of vertical cracks in the range of 20-100mm depth could be determined by the transient time of the diffracted ultrasonic waves

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권12권
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• pp.1638-1644
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• 2005

This paper suggests fur the study on a fluid velocity measuring system using ultrasonic transducer. In general, the time difference method to measure the distance between transducers has been known. In this paper, the practical technology for manufacturing ultrasonic flow meter system is studied using the time difference method. The ultrasonic transducer was designed and manufactured. The transmission and receiving algorithm for ultrasonic signal was studied. The ultrasonic flow measuring system was experimented in laboratory using a water reservoir for verifying the distance measuring accuracy. Finally, it was tested in flow calibration laboratory for the velocity measuring performance. The system, designed in this study, showed 0.3 mm resolution in distance measurement. For precise flow measurement, a high speed triggering algorithm is required for ultrasonic signal receiving.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1991

원격측정에 의한 어군의 탐지범위를 넓히기 위하여 기존 net recorder를 4개의 진동자로 사용할 수 있는 멀티비임 시스템으로 바꾸어, 이들을 직선배열과 평면배열하여 어군탐지범위의 확대폭과 어군의 위치측정에 대한 원격제어 실험을 행하고 그 유용성을 검토.분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 직선배열에 의한 표적의 탐지범위는 수심과 진동자 간격의 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 4개의 진동자를 배열하면 4배까지 확대할 수 있었다. 2. 진동자를 직선배열하여 정치망입구에서 어군을 관측한 결과 길그물에 아주 가까운 2.5~3.5m의 수층으로 많이 입망되었으며, 창그물에 가까운 3.5~4.5m의 수층으로도 어느 정도 입망되었다. 3. 표적의 실제위치와 진동자의 평면배열에 의하여 구한 위치오차는 표적의 수심이 1m, 1.5m, 2m일 때 각각 5.9~27.1cm, 3.2~28.9cm, 3.5~25.8cm였으며, 68.3% 확률원의 반경은 각각 14.6cm, 17.7cm, 17cm였다. 4. 평면배열에 의하여 헛통에서 어군의 행동을 관측한 결과 조류의 방향과 정반대 방향으로 거슬러 유영하면서 자루그물에 입망되는 경향을 나타내었다. 5. 직선 및 평면배열에 의한 어군, 수온, 해저 등과 같은 수중정보는 1,800m까지 원격측정이 가능하였으며, 본 실험의 경우 발신기의 수심이 3m이상이면 어느 곳에서라도 원격측정이 가능하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.762-768
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• 1987

The capacitive transducers, which are used of the principle of capacitance changes by means of the variation of distance between electrodes, are usually utilized for measurement of small displacements. But the measurement ranges of this method are limited. In this study, the measurement ranges are extended by using the variation method of the surface area of electrodes. Thus the capacitive transducer and signal conditioner, which are having the capability of measurement range of 25mm and resolution of 0.1\ulcorner, have developed, and its environmental characteristics are also tested.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2004

The possibility to use powder consisting of fullerite microcrystallines as a device sensitive to the external axial mechanical load is considered. We suppose that the change of conductivity of fullerite microcrystalline powder as a function of external mechanical stress will be useful for the creation of nanoscale devices of sensor electronics. This new effect based on changing of intermolecular distance between fullerene molecules due to the action of external mechanical force, which can change the distance between fullerene molecules because of weak van der Waals interaction exists. The founded effect is quite linear and sensitive to external mechanical stress is better then in well-known pressure transducers is based on silicon technology.