• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.605-615
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• 2012

In this paper, guided circumferential wave propagating in an orthotropic viscoelastic cylindrical curved plate subjected to traction-free conditions is investigated in the frame of the Kelvin-Voight viscoelastic theory. The obtained three wave equations are decoupled into two groups, Lamb-like wave and SH wave. They are separately solved by the Legendre polynomial series approach. The availability of the method is confirmed through the comparison with the published data of the SH wave for a viscoelastic flat plate. The dispersion curves and attenuation curves for the carbon fiber and prepreg cylindrical plates are illustrated and the viscous effect on dispersion curves is shown. The influences of the ratio of radius to thickness are analyzed.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.431-434
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• 2008

Pratical dispersion-correction scheme is applicated to simulate the distant propagation of tsunami. This scheme is based on the leap-frog finite difference scheme for the linear shallow-water equations. The new scheme has the advantage of using the constant spatial grid size and time step size even in area of variable depths. And this new model constructed by using the 2nd upwind scheme, dynamic linking method, and staggered grid system. This model is simulated to near Sokcho harbor about The Central East Sea Tsunami in 1983. And this result is compared to tide gage and result of former model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

The present study investigates the propagation of shear waves in a composite structure comprised of imperfectly bonded piezoelectric layer with a micropolar half space. Piezoelectric layer is considered to be initially stressed. Micropolar theory of elasticity has been employed which is most suitable to explain the size effects on small length scale. The general dispersion equations for the existence of waves in the coupled structure are obtained analytically in the closed form. Some particular cases have been discussed and in one particular case the dispersion relation is in well agreement to the classical-Love wave equation. The effects of various parameters viz. initial stress, interfacial imperfection and micropolarity on the phase velocity are obtained for electrically open and mechanically free system. Numerical computations are carried out and results are depicted graphically to illustrate the utility of the problem. The phase velocity of the shear waves is found to be influenced by initial stress, interface imperfection and the presence of micropolarity in the elastic half space. The theoretical results obtained are useful for the design of high performance surface acoustic devices.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2023

Three time-discontinuous Galerkin quadrature element methods (TDGQEMs) are developed for structural dynamic problems. The weak-form time-discontinuous Galerkin (TDG) statements, which are capable of capturing possible displacement and/or velocity discontinuities, are employed to formulate the three types of quadrature elements, i.e., single-field, single-field/least-squares and two-field. Gauss-Lobatto quadrature rule and the differential quadrature analog are used to turn the weak-form TDG statements into a system of algebraic equations. The stability, accuracy and numerical dissipation and dispersion properties of the formulated elements are examined. It is found that all the elements are unconditionally stable, the order of accuracy is equal to two times the element order minus one or two times the element order, and the high-order elements possess desired high numerical dissipation in the high-frequency domain and low numerical dissipation and dispersion in the low-frequency domain. Three fundamental numerical examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness and high accuracy of the elements, as compared with the commonly used time integration schemes.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2016

A theoretical study of Boussinesq equations (BEs) for internal waves propagating in a two-fluid system is presented in this paper. The two-fluid system is assumed to be bounded by two rigid plates. A set of three equations is firstly derived which has three main unknowns, the interfacial displacement and two velocity potentials at arbitrary elevations for upper and lower fluids, respectively. The determination of the optimal BEs requires a solution of depth parameters which can be uniquely solved by applying the $Pad{\acute{e}}$ approximation to dispersion relation. Some wave properties predicted by the optimal BEs are examined. The optimal model not only increases the applicable range of traditional BEs but also provides a novel aspect of internal wave studies.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.213-217
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• 2010

댐붕괴파 (dam-break flow)나 지진해일에 의해 발생하는 undular bore와 충격파 (shock) 현상을 동수압 및 분산효과를 고려하여 수치모의를 수행하였다. 완전비선형 Boussinesq-type equations 모형을 이용하여, 동수압 및 분산 효과를 고려하였다. 방정식은 4차 정확도의 유한체적법을 이용하여 해석하였고, 시간적으로도 4차정확도의 기법을 이용하여 고차미분항에 대한 수치분산을 억제하였다. 다양한 경우의 1차원과 2차원 공간에서의 수치모의를 수행하고 검증을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 완전비선형 Boussinesq-type equations 모형은 천수방정식 (shallow water equations) 기반의 모형에서 재현이 불가능한 undular bore 등을 재현 하는 등, 전반적으로 천수방정식 기반의 모형 보다 물리적으로도 타당하고 정량적으로도 실험결과와 잘 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 즉, 댐붕괴파나 지진해일 등에 의한 범람 모의에 있어 동수압과 분산 효과의 중요성이 공학적으로도 매우 중요한 고려사항 임이 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.838-849
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• 2017

This paper proposes penalty factor equations that take into consideration the weld strength over-match given in the classified form similar to the revised equations presented in the Code Case N-779 via cyclic elastic-plastic finite element analysis. It was found that the $K_e$ analysis data reflecting elastic follow-up can be consolidated by normalizing the primary-plus-secondary stress intensity ranges excluding the nonlinear thermal stress intensity component, $S_n$ to over-match degree of yield strength, $M_F$. For the effect of over-match on $K_n{\times}K_{\nu}$, dispersion of the $K_n{\times}K_{\nu}$ analysis data can be sharply reduced by dividing total stress intensity range, excluding local thermal stresses, $S_{p-lt}$ by $M_F$. Finally, the proposed equations were applied to the weld between the safe end and the piping of a pressurizer surge nozzle in pressurized water reactors in order to calculate a cumulative usage factor. The cumulative usage factor was then compared with those derived by the previous $K_e$ factor equations. The result shows that application of the proposed equations can significantly reduce conservatism of fatigue assessment using the previous $K_e$ factor equations.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2016

In this study, the effects of the mesh barrier on the free dispersion of ammonia were numerically investigated under different atmospheric conditions. This study presents the detail and flow feature of the dispersion of ammonia through the mesh barrier on various free stream conditions to decline and limit the toxic danger of the ammonia. It is assumed that the dispersion of the ammonia occurred through the leakage in the pipeline. Parametric studies were conducted on the performance of the mesh barrier by using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with realizable k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. Numerical simulations of ammonia dispersion in the presence of mesh barrier revealed significant results in a fully turbulent free stream condition. The results clearly show that the flow behavior was found to be a direct result of mesh size and ammonia dispersion is highly influenced by these changes in flow patterns in downstream. In fact, the flow regime becomes laminar as flow passes through mesh barrier. According to the results, the mesh barrier decreased the maximum concentration of the ammonia gas and limited the risk zone (more than 500 ppm) lower than 2 m height. Furthermore, a significant reduction occurs in the slope of the upper boundary of $NH_3$ risk zone distribution at downstream when a mesh barrier is presented. Thus, this device highly restricts the leak distribution of ammonia in the industrial plan.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1998

연안에서 표층 방류된 온수의 확산-이송을 모의하고자 배출구 인근의 근역에서는 반능동적 입자추적의 원리가 적용된 부작위행보모형과 원역에서는 Eulerian-Lagrangian 농도가 결합된 2차원 모형이 개발되었다. 근역에서 표층으로 부상되는 온수괴는 부력을 갖는 다수의 입자군으로 변환되어 초기 평면확산의 증가를 나타내고, 이러한 부력확산의 영향이 무작위행보의 기본식에 도입되었다. 개발된 모형의 초기평가는 단순한 지형의 해역과 실제해역에서 수행되었다. 단순해역에서는 부력이 고려되지 않는 중립입자모형의 결과에 비하여 초기 확산이 크게 나타나고, 기존 근역모형CORMIX3과 유사하나 외해측으로 확장된 성향을 보인다. 천수만에서 실제적용 결과도 배출구 근처에서 관측치에 유사한 퍼짐 효과가 나타나며 모형의 적용성이 인정된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 1998

Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) has been used for the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis. However, its poor solubility in water, $2.5\;{\mu}g/ml$, caused low bioavailability of the drug after its oral administration. In order to increase the dissolution of DDB in gastrointestinal tracts, consequently to increase the bioavailability of the drug, DDB tablet was prepared with solid dispersion of DDB with poloxamer 338 or 407 using a direct compression method. To improve the flowability of the solid dispersion, Aerosil was used as an adsorbent. The effect of formulation variables (poloxamer and Aerosil contents) on the dissolution rate of DDB from tablets was investigated using an analysis of variance. The dissolution rate of DDB from tablets was evaluated with KP II (paddle) method. The dissolution patterns of the drug from the tablet prepared with poloxamer 407 were affected significantly by the contents of poloxamers and Aerosil over the range employed, but those of the drug from the tablet prepared with poloxamer 338 were not. The optimum formulation of the DDB tablet, showed the same dissolution pattern as that of the reference, was obtained after polynomial equations of drug dissolution profiles for each formula were fitted to contour plots. The optimum formulation ratios of DDB:poloxamer 407:Aerosil were 1:2.5:2.5 and 1:5:5.