• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

In an attempt to analyze the characteristics of domestic pathogenic strains of S. pneumoniae, the basic epidemiological charactristics of pathogenic strains such as their serotypes and frequency of penicillin resistance, and pattern of chromosomal DNA from PFGE(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) were observed. For this study,56 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients in the four domestic university hospitals were collected from January to December in 1998. Among those strains, a total of 56 pathogenic strains from blood(39 isolates), cerebrospinal fluid(8 isolates) and other specimen(9 isolates) were selected and isolated. The penicillin resistance frequency of those 56 strains was identified with disk diffusion method with 66.1％. From the invasive strains, predominant serotypes were isolated in the order of 19F(12.5％), 23F(10.7%), 14(10.7%) and 9V(10.7％), totalling 45 percent. This experiment also used PFGE patterns to compare the correlations among genetic subtypes in several serotypes. The DNA fragments digested with Sma I and Apa I were resolved by PFGE. The PFGE patterns digested with Sma I were better than Apa I for analysis. In the DNA fragments digested with Sma 1, PFGE analysis of 56 S. pneumoniae isolates showed 25 different patterns. As a result, serotype was on the whole correlated to PFGE pattern on the ground that each different PFGE pattern by serotype was observed. This study can be utilized not only fur the study of incidence trend of domestic pneumococcal diseases but also as a useful basic data for the development of identification tool and treatment.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2016

The antibacterial activities of thirty mushroom species belonging to Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, cultivated on two liquid media, were evaluated against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria by the disk diffusion method. All of the mushrooms, except Auriporia aurea, Fomes fomentarius, and Lyophyllum shimeji, showed different antibacterial activity levels—from 9.5 mm in diameter of the inhibition zone to full inhibition of growth of the test bacteria. The antibacterial activities of Crinipellis schevczenkovi, Hohenbuehelia myxotricha, Oxyporus obducens, and Spongipellis litschaueri were observed for the first time. The antibacterial potential of culture liquids of the investigated species was higher than that of their mycelia activity. Dependence of the intensity of antibacterial activity on the culture medium was shown. The antibacterial efficiency of the most active species (Lentinus edodes, Piptoporus betulinus, and Phellinus igniarius) was verified and compared with those of some commercial antibiotics and natural essential oils of Salvia and Eucalyptus. The culture liquid of Piptoporus betulinus, obtained after cultivation on glucose-peptone-yeast culture medium, is a potential substance for further creation of antibacterial products.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.469-471
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• 2013

본 연구를 통하여 우리는 새로운 실험기구를 사용하여 방사성동위원소(Lu-177)의 항균능력을 측정하였다. 기존에 약물의 항균능력을 측정하는데 사용되었던 디스크법은 배지로의 약물 확산에 의해서 항균능력을 측정하는 방법이기 때문에 방사성동위원소에 적용하기는 적합하지 않아 새로운 실험 방법이 요구된다. 방사성동위원소의 항균능력을 측정하기 위해서는 배지로의 약물 확산을 막고 한점에 머무르게 하는 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서 우리는 새로운 실험도구를 이용하여 Lu-177의 방사능량이 증가할수록 항균능력이 증가함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 실험방법을 통해 다른 방사성동위원소의 항균능력도 쉽게 측정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2005

We investigated the contamination of animal hospital floor, beauty table, computer keyboard, exam table, operation table and forcep handle by isolations of aerobic bacteria in small animal hospitals in Gwangju. The total number of aerobic bacteria was 52 isolates and Staphylococcus spp. (38 isolates) were the predominant isolates (69.71 %) of them. The prevalent contaminated areas were floor (17 isolates), beauty table (13 isolates) and computer keyboard (9 isolates). The detection of methicillin-resistant (mecA) gene, determined by PCR, showed that 3 of the 17 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) isolates possessed the mecA gene. For evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates, disk diffusion method was used. The majority of isolates showed high susceptibility to amoxicillin (92.1 %), ceftiofur (84.2%) and polymixin B (73.7%). Also they showed the high resistant to ampicilline (66.7%), penicillin (65%) and kanamycin (56.5%). These results suggest extensive contamination of aerobic bacteria in animal hospital environment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1196-1201
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• 2008

A examination of the kinetic properties of UDP-glucose : (1,3)-$\beta$-glucan (callose) synthase from mung bean seedings (Sorbus cortex) shows that these enzymes have a complex interaction with UDP-glucose and various effectors. Deoxynojirimycin increased the inhibitory effect of (1,3)-$\beta$-glucan synthase at the concentration-dependent manner by fluorescence assay. The inhibitory effect of Fr. 2-16 (97.15%) showed higher than that of deoxynojirimycin (80.63%). Fr. 2-3 inhibited the growth of the Candida albicans at 1 mm inhibition zone by disk diffusion method. These results suggest that Sorbus cortex extract can be used as a stable antifungal material.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2012

Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of pleuropneumonia which is one of the most important respiratory diseases in pigs worldwide. A total of 32 A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from diseased pigs during 2008 to 2010 were serotyped by polymerase chain reaction method. The susceptibility of the isolates to 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by disk diffusion test. In all the 32 isolates examined in this study, serotype 5 (16 isolates: 50%), 1 (7 isolates: 21.9%), 2 (5 isolates: 15.6%) and 12 (1 isolate: 3.1%) were found. Of all tested antimicrobial agents, resistance to oxytetracycline was found in 96.9% of isolates, followed by resistance to amikacin (81.2%), neomycin (68.7%), kanamycin (53.1%), penicillin (50.0%), gentamicin (43.7%), florfenicol (25.0%), ampicillin (18.7%), colistin (9.4%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur (8.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (3.1%) and enrofloxacin (0%). Oxytetracycline or florfenicol-resistant isolates were examined for the presence of resistance gene. Among the 31 oxytetracycline-resistant isolates, tetB, tetH and tetO genes were detected in 22 (71%), 8 (26%) and 1 (3%) isolates, respectively. The floR genes were detected in 8 (100%) of the 8 florfenicol-resistant A. pleuropneumoniae isolates.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2000

The most proper antibiotic must be selected after antimicrobial susceptibility test. If difference in antimicrobial susceptibility was significant between oral sampling sites, it is rationale to use the most susceptible antibiotic agent respond to dental procedure and object of treatment. This study examined sampling site variation from saliva, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque of 16 children's oral microbes. The cultured bacterial isolates, which were Streptococcus viridans and Neisseria, were examined for 10 antimicribial drugs with the Bauer-Kirby agar disk diffusion method. The used drugs were Penicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin. There was no significant difference between three sampling sites for antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. viridans and Neisseria and the sequence of susceptibility was agreed among them. In conclusion, it was suggested that antimicrobial susceptibility test from saliva, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque of children have no significant sampling site variation.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.363-374
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• 2007

A biochemical characterization and antimicrobial drugs susceptibility study was conducted in four breeding kennel which was canine abortion caused by Brucella canis in Gyeongbuk province in 2003-2006. Total of 267 dogs domesticated in the four kennel were examination. Among them, 143 (53.6%) dogs were sero-positive and 25 of blood samples were isolated to Brucella canis. At amplification of 35KDa-BCSP gene using PCR, 711 bp DNA fragment was same visible in 25 isolates and B canis RM6/66. Biochemical characterization of B canis isolated was non-hemolytic, no production of $H_2S$, no fermentation of carbohydrates, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, indol-negative, hydrolyzation of urea, reduction of nitrate and development of thionin dye medium. Using disk-diffusion method, all of 25 strains tested were found to be highly susceptible to tetracycline, aminoglycoside, quinolone, macrolide antibiotics, rifampin and ampicillin in vitro. Using PFGE with restriction enzyme Smi I, 25 isolates tested were typed to 2 pattern, S1 and S2.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2008

Staphylococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) has been rarely isolated from horse. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. intermedius isolated from skin lesions of Thoroughbred horse in Daegu Equestrian Association. The skin lesions were showed with dehairing and slight purulent inflammation. Bacteria were isolated from skin lesions and identified as S. intermedius by biochemical tests and MicroLog (BIOLOG, California, USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. intemedius isolates was performed with 33 antimicrobial agents (BBL, Maryland, USA) by using the agar disk diffusion method. It showed a high sensibility in the amikacin, amoxycillin/clavuramic acid, ampicillin, cefoxitin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin G, tetracycline and vancomycin. The horse was treated with penicillin, and cured completely after two weeks. The present results showed valuable information for treatment and prevention of skin disease in horse.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1008-1013
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• 2014

The use of antimicrobial agents for additives or therapeutics is strongly associated with a prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Enterobacteriaceae. We aimed to characterize integrons in Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from chicken cecums in Korea. Moreover, the correlation between integron gene cassettes and antimicrobial resistance was also investigated. A total of 90 isolates the belonged to Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from chickens grown at Gyeongsang and Chungcheong provinces in Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequencing were also performed to characterize the gene cassette arrays of the integrons. Of the 90 Enterobacteriaceae isolates tested, 39 (43.3%) and 10 (11.1%) isolates carried class 1 and 2 integrons, respectively. Whereas the class 2 integron did not contain gene cassettes, the class 1 integrons carried seven different gene cassette arrays. The class 1 integrons harbored genes encoding resistant determinants to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5), trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA17, and dfrA32), lincosamides (linF), and erythromycin (ereA). Moreover, the presence of a class 1 integron was significantly related to a high resistance rate of antimicrobial agents, such as spectinomycin and trimethoprim. We confirmed that diverse class 1 integrons were widely distributed in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from chickens and directly contributed to the resistance to diverse antimicrobial agents in Korea.