• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2024

The microbiomes of two important rice cultivars in Vietnam which differ by their susceptibility to the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease were analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon technology. A higher number of operational taxonomic units and alpha-diversity indices were shown in the BLB-resistant LA cultivar than in the BLB-susceptible TB cultivar. The BLB pathogen Xanthomonas was scantly found (0.003%) in the LA cultivar, whereas was in a significantly higher ratio in the TB cultivar (1.82%), reflecting the susceptibility to BLB of these cultivars. Of special interest was the genus Acholeplasma presented in the BLB-resistant LA cultivar at a high relative abundance (22.32%), however, was minor in the BLB-sensitive TB cultivar (0.09%), raising a question about its roles in controlling the Xanthomonas low in the LA cultivar. It is proposed that Acholeplasma once entered the host plant would hamper other phytopathogens, i.e. Xanthomonas, by yet unknown mechanisms, of which the triggering of the host plants to produce secondary metabolites against pathogens could be a testable hypothesis.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by selective destruction of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells resulting in insulin deficiency. The genetic determinants of T1D susceptibility have been linked to several loci, in particular to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, which accounts for 50% of the genetic risk of developing T1D. Multiple genes in the HLA region, which are in strong linkage disequilibrium, are thought to be involved. Another important locus, with a smaller effect on genetic predisposition to T1D, is the insulin gene. The advent of numerous single nucleotide polymorphism markers and genome screening has enabled the identification of dozens of new T1D susceptibility loci. Some of them appear to predispose to T1D independently of the HLA and may be important in families with T1D who lack strong HLA susceptibility. Other loci may interact with each other to cause susceptibility. The autoimmune response against ${\beta}$-cells can also be triggered by environmental factors in the presence of a predisposing genetic background. Deciphering the environmental and genetic factors involved should help to understand the origin of T1D and aid in the design of individualized prevention programs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

A complete understanding of the epidemiological factors required for optimum for disease development facilitates the design of effective and reliable screening techniques and also disease prediction models. An attempt was made to study the effects of different temperatures ($15-35^{\circ}C$) and leaf wetness periods (4-24 h) on the development of late leaf spot (LLS) in three groundnut genotypes differing in their susceptibility to LLS infection. Irrespective of the genotype, the disease progress evaluated based on different components of resistance was maximum between $15-20^{\circ}C$ and minimum between $20-25^{\circ}C$. At temperatures $\geq$$30^{\circ}C$, LLS development was insignificant. The overall severity of LLS increased with an increase in the leaf wetness period from 4 h to 12 h a day. Further increase of wetness period to 16 h resulted in a rapid increase in the severity. Thereafter, the disease severity gradually decreased with an increase in the wetness period. The effect of temperature and wetness periods on the individual component of disease quantification was not uniform compared between genotypes with different levels of susceptibility/resistance to LLS infection. The results of this study indicate that temperature and leaf wetness period are critical in late leaf spot screening programs since the expression of disease symptoms measured from disease initiation till defoliation, varied differently in the test genotypes with respect to change in these two parameters.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2018

While carbapenems are the drug of choice to treat extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, some alternative carbapenem-sparing regimens are suggested for antibiotic stewardship. We experienced a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure for acute pyelonephritis caused by an apparently susceptible Escherichia coli. A 71-year-old woman presented the emergency department with fever for 7 days and bilateral flank pain for 2 days. The laboratory results and abdominopelvic computed tomography finding were compatible with acute pyelonephritis. During 3-day ciprofloxacin therapy, the patient remained febrile with persistent bacteremia. After the change in antibiotics to ertapenem, the patient's clinical course started to improve. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were identified in all three consecutive blood samples. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, serotypes, and sequence types showed the three isolates were derived from the identical strain. The isolates produced CTX-M-14 type ESBL belonging to the ST69 clonal group. Despite in vitro susceptibility, the failure was attributed to a gyrA point mutation encoding Ser83Leu within quinolone resistance-determining regions. This case suggests that ciprofloxacin should be used cautiously in the treatment of serious infections caused by ciprofloxacin-susceptible, ESBL-producing E. coli, even in acute pyelonephritis because in-vitro susceptibility tests could fail to detect certain genetic mutations.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 1996

Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora (Ecc), a pathogen of tobacco hollow stalk disease, was isolated for testing susceptibility to streptomycin from diseased plants in burley tobacco growing area. Of 157 isolates tested, 17 isolates (108%) were resistant to the antibiotic at the antibiotic from field soils, which streptomycin had been used continuously for three years for control of the disease was three times higher than those of non-used. There was no difference in virulence and generation time between streptomycin-sensitive and resistant strains.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1988

1. 배나무 잎의 병반으로부터 분리한 24개의 Alternaria 균주의 병원성 검정결과 이십세기(二十世紀) 잎에서 분리한 7개 균주만이 감수성 품종(이십세기(二十世紀))에만 병원성을 나타내었고 만삼길(晩三吉), 장십랑(長十郞), 신고(新高)에서 분리한 나머지 균주들은 병원성이 없었다. 2. 병원성 균주의 배양노액(培養瀘液) 중에는 감수성 품종에만 잎멱 괴사(壞死)를 유발시키는 기주특이적(寄主特異的) 독소(毒素)(HST)를 생성함을 알 수 있었으며 비병원성 균주는 기주특이적(寄主特異的) 독소(毒素)(HST) 생성능력이 없었다. 3. 병원균이 생성하는 HST(AK독소(毒素))를 이용하여 배품종간 병해저항성 검정을 실시하였던 바 AK독소(毒素)는 병원균에 감수성인 이십세기(二十世紀)와 신수(新水) 품종에만 독성(毒性)을 나타내었고 만삼길(晩三吉), 장십랑(長十郞), 신고(新高)등의 저항성 품종에는 독성(毒性)을 나타내지 않았다. 4. AK독소(毒素)를 이용하여 배잎의 성숙도(成熟度)(aging)에 따른 병해감수도의 변동을 조사하였던 바 어린 잎일수록 AK독소(毒素)에 대하여 감수성이었으며 성숙한 잎(전엽(展葉) 2주후)은 저항성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.685-689
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• 2000

Due to the uncultivable nature of Mycobacterium leprae in vitro, the fast, easy, and accurate measurement of the antimicrobial drug susceptibility of this microbe has been difficult. Conventional methods for such testing are subjective, cumbersome, and expensive in some cases. Here, the utility of a reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR)-based assay for testing was examined and compared with a Buddmeyer-type radiorespirometric assay. The susceptibility of M. leprae to rifampin was determined by probing the presence of M.leprae-specific 18 kDa gene mRNA in M. leprae-infected IC-21 macrophage cells after drug treatment. The results showed that, as the refampin concentration was increased, the 360-bp cDNA products generated by the RT-PCR-based assay decreased in a dose-dependent manner as in the drug susceptibility observed in the Buddmeyer-type assay. The drug susceptibility testing of M. leprae by the RT-PCR based assay was found to be not only faster but also nearly $10^4$-fold more sensitive than the Buddmeyer-type assay. Moreover, it was also found that, unlike the RT-PCR based assay, the same testing by a DNA-PCR resulted in no differences in the 360-bp signal, regardless of the rifampin concentrations used. Accordingly, these results demonstrated that the drug susceptibility of M. leprae can be determined effectively by an RT-PCR-based assay, thereby providing a new, fast, and sensitive testing method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Tan spot (TS), caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died) Drechs, is an important foliar disease of wheat and has become a threat to world wheat production since the 1970s. In this study a globally diverse pre-1940s collection of 247 wheat genotypes was evaluated against Ptr ToxA, P. tritici-repentis race 1, and stem rust to determine if; (i) acquisition of Ptr ToxA by the P. tritici-repentis from Stagonospora nodorum led to increased pathogen virulence or (ii) incorporation of TS susceptibility during development stem rust resistant cultivars led to an increase in TS epidemics globally. Most genotypes were susceptible to stem rust; however, a range of reactions to TS and Ptr ToxA were observed. Four combinations of diseasetoxin reactions were observed among the genotypes; TS susceptible-Ptr ToxA sensitive, TS susceptible-Ptr ToxA insensitive, TS resistant-Ptr ToxA insensitive, and TS resistant-Ptr ToxA toxin sensitive. A weak correlation (r = 0.14 for bread wheat and -0.082 for durum) was observed between stem rust susceptibility and TS resistance. Even though there were no reported epidemics in the pre-1940s, TS sensitive genotypes were widely grown in that period, suggesting that Ptr ToxA may not be an important factor responsible for enhanced prevalence of TS.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2017

Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the students majoring in dental hygiene on their oral health beliefs and oral health behavior. Methods: The survey was conducted using selfadministered questionnaires targeting 619 female students majoring in dental hygiene at three Universities in k and J province. The stronger health oral belief means higher score in susceptibility, severity, benefit and salience, but the higher score in barrier means stronger recognition in obstacle. Results: There was significant correlation between susceptibility and experience of not-treated oral disease (OR [odds ratio] 2.40; 95% CI [confidence interval] 1.73-3.34)' and 'dental caries (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.25-4.45)'. Benefit had significant correlation with 'visiting dental clinic (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.14-2.19)'. Salience had significant correlation with 'experience of not-treated oral disease (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52-0.94)'. Barrier had significant correlation with 'visiting dental clinic (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.56-0.95)' and 'removing oral plaque (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.52-0.95)'. There was no significant correlation between oral health belief and 'using of oral hygiene device' or 'regular tooth brushing'. Conclusions: Diverse oral health behaviors were affected by susceptibility, benefit, salience and barrier in oral health belief. The programs for oral health education and preventing oral disease should be prepared to change oral health belief to promote the oral health systematically based on the results of this study.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2021

코로나 19가 발생한 이래 각국은 국민들을 코로나19로부터 보호하기 위해서 다양한 정책을 펴고 있고, 가장 유력한 방안으로 백신접종을 권장하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 대학생들의 대상으로 백신접종에 어떤 요인들이 영향을 미치는지를 규명하기 위해 다차원건강통제소재의 3가지 건강통제소재와 건강신념모형의 지각된 취약성과 심각성을 융합하여 백신접종 의도를 탐색하였다. PLS경로모형 분석을 실시한 결과 최종적으로 우연 건강통제소재(CHLC)가 취약성 지각을 매개하여 백신접종의도에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이는 코로나 19에 대해 운명론적 태도가 클수록 코로나 19에 대해 더 취약하다고 인식하고 백신을 접종하려는 의도가 더 커진다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 예방접종율을 높이기 위해서는 보건당국은 다양한 방안을 활용하여 국민들의 질병에 대한 감수성 인식을 활성화 하도록 동기를 부여할 필요가 있다. 이 과정에서 사람들의 숙명론적 경향이 선행변인 역할을 할 수 있음도 고려해야 한다.