• Mycobiology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.173-177
• /
• 2008

The crude ethanol extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and two triterpenes, $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol, isolated as a mixture from the chloroform soluble fraction of an ethanolic extract of Duranta repens stem, were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal activities by the disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The structures of the two compounds were confirmed by IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and LC-MS spectral data. The chloroform soluble fraction of stem and ethanol extract of fruits possess potent antishigellosis activity and also exhibited moderate activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi but the isolated compound 1 (mixture of $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol) showed mild to moderate inhibitory activity to microbial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and compound 1 were found to be in the range of 32$\sim$128 ${\mu}g/ml$. The chloroform soluble fractions of stem and ethanol extract of fruit showed significant cytotoxicity with $LC_{50}$ value of 0.94 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 0.49 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively against brine shrimp larvae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2000

Lycopersicon peruvianum has a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) mechanism controlled by a single genetic locus (S locus) with multiple alleles. S RNases, an allelic series of abundant stylar proteins, are products of the S locus in L. peruvianum and other Solanaceous plants. The $S_{11}$ RNase gene from L. peruvianum was introduced into a self-compatible (SC) species (Lycopersicon esculentum) to examine whether the expression pattern in the heterologous host mimics that in L. peruvianum. The resultant transgenic L. esculentum plants expressed the introduced gene highly in their styles, which is similar manner to the expresion in L. peruvianum. The $S_{11}$ RNase gene was expressed in the syle at a similar stage of flower development in both transgenic plants of L. esculentum and L. peruvianum without any morphological changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.6 s.171
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2005

An insole type local shear force measurement system was developed and local shear stresses in the foot were measured during level walking. The shear force transducer based on the magneto-resistive principle, was a rigid 3-layer circular disc. Sensor calibrations with a specially designed calibration device showed that it provided relatively linear sensor outputs. Shear transducers were mounted on the locations of four metatarsal heads and heel in the insole. Sensor outputs were amplified, decorded in the bluetooth transmission part and then transferred to PC. In order to evaluate the developed system, both shear and plantar pressure measurements, synchronized with the three-dimensional motion analysis system, were performed on twelve young healthy male subjects, walking at their comfortable speeds. The maximum peak pressure during gait was 5.00kPa/B.W at the heel. The time when large local shear stresses were acted correlated well with the time of fast COP movements. The anteroposterior shear was dominant near the COP trajectory, but the mediolateral shear was noted away from the COP trajectory. The vector sum of shear stresses revealed a strong correlation with COP movement velocity. The present study will be helpful to select the material and to design of foot orthoses and orthopedic shoes for diabetic neuropathy or Hansen disease.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.535-540
• /
• 2003

The antagonistic microorganisms against Streptococcus sanguis, S. salivarius and S. mutans causing the dental caries of oral diseases were isolated from Korean traditional soy sauce. Twenty five strains were isolated by pairing culture, paper disc culture and dual culture methods. The isolate NG 06 strain was observed with various cultural and physiological test, and $Biolog^{(R)}$ Bacterial Identification System. The strain was identified as Bacillus racemilacticus. The isolate NG 16 strain was confirmed to Gram-positive, rods, endospore production, utilization of melibiose, casein hydrolysis and starch hydrolysis. Also the second strain NG 16 was identified as $\beta$. amyloliquefaciens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.105-108
• /
• 1981

The oceanic effect on the climate of the southern coast of Korea was analysed based on the sea surface temperature and in order to study relationships between the fluctuation of the sea surface temperature and that of climatic elements. Meteolorogical data from 1960 to 1979 were used. In the year when difference between the air and water temperature was maximum, the air temperature in southern coast was higher than normal year. A fluctuation of the sea surface temperature plays an important influence to determine the variation of the air temperature in the coastal area. Humidity of the coastal climate depends upon the oceanic effect in summer, but not in winter. This results may be due to prevailing wind effect. The oceanic effect on the precipitation in the coastal area is not found.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.496-505
• /
• 2009

The influence of roasting time on antibacterial and antioxidative effects of methanol and water coffee extracts was investigated. Extract yield differed with roasting time. The maximum yield of methanol extract was 20.02% and 24.00% at respective roasting times of 12 and 20 min. The maximum yield of water extracts was 2.70% and 18.58% at 5 and 25 min roasting time, respectively. Antibacterial effects of each extract were determined by the classical minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) paper disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of different coffee samples inhibited growth of various strains except Escherichia coli. Extracts obtained following roasting times of 12, 14, 16, 20, and 25 min in particular displayed the most potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Among these extracts, that obtained from 12 min roasted coffee samples produced a MIC of $16.125{\mu}g$/mL against S. aureus. Water extracts applied at $1,000{\mu}g$/mL were growth inhibitory except against Salmonella choleraesuis and Prevotella intermedia. However, growth inhibition by water extracts was weak, with inhibitory zones of only 6-8 mm diameter produced. Determinations of free radical elimination for the different coffee extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl were compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene positive controls. Methanol and water extracts of different coffee samples ($100{\mu}g$/mL) showed $67.1{\sim}92.3%$ and $66.4{\sim}93.3%$ radical scavenging activity, respectively. However, longer roasting time (especially >20 min) tended to somewhat lower free radical elimination using both extracts. Total phenol in different coffee samples measured by the Folin-Denis method revealed the highest level of phenol contents with non-roasted coffee, whereas phenol content differed with different roasting time, ranging from $87.{\sim}126.5\;mg/g$ in methanol extracts. In water extracts, the phenol content was maximum at 8 min roasting time, whereas in other samples the content was varied from $95.0{\sim}199.1\;mg/g$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.1379-1388
• /
• 2000

Ethanol extracts from Ruta graveolens Linne exhibited strong antimicrobial activities by disc diffusion method against 5 strains of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19111, ATCC 19112, ATCC 19113, ATCC 19114 and ATCC 15313). Ethanol extract from Ruta graveolens Linne was subsequently fractionated by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Chloroform fraction of Ruta graveolens Linne showed strong growth inhibition at concentrations as low as 40 ppm level in broth culture medium against 5 strains of L. monocytogenes for 72 hr at $30^{\circ}C$. Single substance(RTG1-1) was isolated by silica gel column chromatography from chloroform fraction of Ruta graveolens Linne. RTG1-1 showed a strong bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes at a concentration of 20 ppm level. Purified RTG1-1 was identified as gravacridonechlorine by analyses of EI-Mass, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.30 no.sup2
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 2001

Objectives : There are many kinds of method to evaluate neural decompression during operation. They are direct visual and manual inspection, intraoperative ultrasound, endoscope, intraoperative computed tomography and intraoperative myelography. We used intraoperative myelography to evaluate the proper decompression of neural elements during the decompressive surgery. Methods : We injected 10-20cc of nonionic water-soluble contrast materials through direct puncture site of exposed dura during operation or lower lumbar level or lumbar drain inserted preoperatively. 12 patients were included in this study. They were 7 patients of centrally herniated lumbar disc disease, 1 patient of multiple lumbar spinal stenosis, 2 patients of thoracic extradural tumor and 2 cervical fracture & dislocations. Results : 5 of 12 patients showed remained neural compression through intraoperative myelography, so they were operated further through other approach. Myelographic dye is heavier than CSF, so the dependent side of subarachnoid space was visualized only. In one case, CSF leakage through hemovac was detected, but it was treated only bed rest for 5 days after hemovac removal. Conclusion :Intraoperative myelography is an effective method to evaluate neural decompression during spinal surgery. This technique is easy and familiar to us, neurosurgeons.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.574-579
• /
• 2000

Chordomas are rare central nervous system tumors that are found predominantly in the sacrococcygeal(50%) and basiosphenoidal region(35%). Most of the remainder are related to the vertebral bodies and only 1 to 2% of them are known to occur in the thoracic vertebrae. A 15-year-old girl was admitted because of paraparesis. Three months prior to admission, she underwent a lumbar laminectomy at other hospital for the treatment of herniated lumbar disc but paraparesis became rather aggravated after the operation. At admission, MRI showed a low signal T1WI, high signal T2WI mass compressing the cord at T2 vertebral body. The tumor was subtotally removed via costotransversectomy but as the tumor was proven to be a chordoma, a second stage operation via anterior route was followed. At second operation, T2 corpectomy and T1-T3 plate fixation with autogeneous ileac bone graft was performed. Shortly after the operation, preoperative paraparesis disappeared completely and no evidence of tumor recurrence was noticed both clinically and radiologically for next 2 years. Spine surgery at cervicothoracic junction may be technically demanding due to anatomical complexity and hindering large vessels. The authers reviewed this case with special emphasis on the surgical procedure in this region.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.134-140
• /
• 2013

Objectives: There has been a growing interest in glass ceramic systems with good esthetics, high fracture resistance and bonding durability, and simplified fabrication techniques using CAD/CAM. The aim of this study is to compare flexural strength before and after heat treatment of two lithium disilicate CAD/CAM blocks, IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Rosetta SM (Hass), and to observe their crystalline structures. Materials and Methods: Biaxial flexural strength was tested according to ISO 6872 with 20 disc form specimens sliced from each block before and after heat treatment. Also, the crystalline structures were observed using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi) and x-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku) analysis. The mean values of the biaxial flexural strength were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p = 0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in flexural strength between IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM either before heat treatment or after heat treatment. For both ceramics, the initial flexural strength greatly increased after heat treatment, with significant differences (p < 0.05). The FE-SEM images presented similar patterns of crystalline structure in the two ceramics. In the XRD analysis, they also had similar patterns, presenting high peak positions corresponding to the standard lithium metasilicate and lithium disilicate at each stage of heat treatment. Conclusions: IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM showed no significant differences in flexural strength. They had a similar crystalline pattern and molecular composition.