• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.91-117
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• 2018

In the tribute system controlling international relations of pre-modern East Asia, conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities was a principle of diplomatic relations among each nation. Therefore, capitals where royal authorities really existed were political centers and diplomatic stages at the same time. Notably, diplomatic relations between United Silla and Japan were maintained dually by conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities and practical diplomacy through Dazaihu located in Tsukushi. Tsukushi located at the northwestern tip of Kyushu was a gateway to foreign nations and stronghold in terms of national defense. Amidst an East Asian war named Baek River Battle in 663, the royal court of Daehwa established Dazaihu here because it was necessary for diplomatic and military responses. Dazaihu established as part of diplomatic negotiation not only took diplomatic functions as an official residence since the latter half of the 7thcentury. and but also was used as a stage of official diplomacy between Silla and Japan. Diplomatic negotiation between Silla and Japan through Dazaihu was made in practical methods and such a situation could be confirmed through diplomatic documents exchanged between Silla and Dazaihu in the middle of the 8thcentury. At that time, protocols became an importan tissue.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2018

Foreign Reception Hall in Gyeongungung Palace was constructed during 1899-1902 according to Yesigjangjeong (禮式章程), Korean Empire's modern diplomatic protocol. This bulilding is a case worthy of notice, because its construction process was written in Jubon(奏本), Korean Empire's official document. Yesigjangjeong(禮式章程) regulates the process of diplomat's audience with Emperor Gojong. The process suggested that Foreign Reception Hall was designed as the place of the end as well as the beginning for audience. According to the process, diplomat came through main gate, Daehanmun and outer gate of main hall(Junghwajeon Hall, Audience Hall), then arrived at the stair to Foreign Reception Hall. After waiting time in the hall, he was going to be granted an audience with Emperor. And he exited through Foreign Reception Hall as the reverse way. This hall was constructed as western-style. Subcontracted carpenters and wood sculptors and laborers from China represents that chinese workers were prevailed in the government construction at that time. And modern building materials, such as glass, colored brick, sanitary wares and lightings were applied, which showed the new landscape in the middle of Gyeongungung Palace. Above all, official documents related with this hall reveals Korean Empire supervised this construction for diplomatic protocol. That is the identity of western-style buildings in Gyeongungung Palace.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.159-179
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• 2013

This study traces the evolution of the compilation of foreign relations of the United States series and analyzes its archival issues from its historical development. The study examines the purposes of publishing the compilations of the diplomatic documents, an issue of making a balance between secrecy for national security and accountability of diplomacy, neutrality in compiling historical materials, and methods and principles of the compilation. To analyze these records issues, the study examines the contents and contexts of the compilation, historical evolution of the compilation, and the political and records issues of the compilation in the U.S. political history. The declassification issue for the historical compilation was also examined because the issue was a major obstacle to the timely publication of FRUS.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.689-695
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• 2021

The study is based on the elaborated normative and legal documentation regulating the national security of modern Ukraine and the normative and legal documents adopted by NATO in the responding policy to the challenges that arose after 2014. The main advantages of cooperation with NATO are ensuring military security, developing army standards, improving the country's investment climate, and reducing expenditures on the army. The disadvantages of cooperation with NATO in hostilities with Russia are not highlighted. Still, defined obstacles show that Ukraine is not ready to realize entry into NATO in the short term. Such factors include weak information support, corruption, and unclear diplomatic decisions.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-133
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• 2021

In 1882, after the French defeated Tonkin for the second time, the Nguyen Dynasty led by King Tự Đức 嗣德 appointed Phạm Thận Duật 范慎遹 and Nguyễn Thuật 阮述 as envoys to the Qing Dynasty to seek the Chinese's help to deal with the French invasion. The trip's information from 1883 such as the schedule, the content, the discussion, and the progress was specifically reflected in the two envoys' diaries, including "Notes of Voyage to Qing Dynasty in The First Year of Jianfu" 建福元年如清日程 (Phạm Thận Duật and Nguyễn Thuật), "Notes of Voyage to Tianjin" 往津日记(Nguyễn Thuật). This article presents the origin of these documents and their historical values in order to provide insights into the study of diplomatic relations between the Nguyen Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty in the late 19th century through the 1883 mission.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.2
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• pp.129-168
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• 2000

$Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty was governed by the words of king, however, if they were not announced by the form of public document, they were useless. Therefore, the form of public document was the symbol of governing activity, and it was very important to manage the public record in operating the nation affairs. However, the point we should consider is that $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty, in the case of managing the public record, edited 'the original' instead of preserving them. And so, the preservation of the public record was deeply related to the editing of history. In Late Korea dynasty, the management of the public record got into utter confusion and so many troubles were occurred. In order to resolve these problems, the movements which innovated the public record managements system was gradually extended. This movements were continued in $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty. Finally, through the several modification procedures, the rules of public record management were legislated by 'Kyong Kuk Dae Jeon'(經國大典). Especially, by laws of 'Kyong Kuk Dae Jeon', not only the daily records of Secretary Department(承政院) but also the important documents which was related to the government branch should be booked in the last decade of the year and the number of the books had to be reported to the king. This rule made certification of the fact that the king was the last confirmer of the public record management. In addition, through the procedure of printing the record of the national affairs, and the diplomatic once in three years, and then preserving that public record in the National Department(議政府), other departments responsible and the archives, the National Department practically took part in the public record management. The management system was also changed in order that the public record was virtually used and consulted before taking the procedure of immortal preservation. All public documents were classified by the definite rule and filed in a same volume. After classifying and filing, certainly, for making convenience of reference and application of public record, records were indicated by the paper card. It may be that, after the step of reference, application and indicating, the public documents were gradually transferred to the next step. In these procedures, Early $Chos{\check{o}}n$ public documents system was confirmed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.53-76
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• 2017

This paper is a study on the tasks to be carried out by Tsushima clan who invited the envoy -the 38th Munwihaeng- from Korea in 1747, and the process and results. This envoy sent out for the purpose of congratulating Tokugawa, Yoshimune's retirement and Tsushima lord's return home, and also negotiate about Korean Diplomatic Envoys to Japan coming in the future. In late 1745, Yoshimune retired, and Ieshige inherited the position of Shogun. Then in 1746 the Edo Shogunate ordered the Tsushima clan to invite the Korean Diplomatic Envoy to Edo between April and May two years after. To the Korean Diplomatic Envoy's invitation, many stages were necessary. In additon, Korea insisted on following the precedent in exchange with Japan. This time, throne of this new Shogun occurred due to retirement of the former Shogun. In the last 100 years, the history that the former Shogun died and the new Shogun reigned continued. For that reason, Korea had no record of sending letters and gifts to the old Shogun who retired. Because there was no precedent, Korea was unable to smoothly respond to Japan's request. This paper considers the negotiation process with Korea and the Tsushima clan, makes a prestige of the shogunate, in order to be recognized from the shogunate.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 2008

This paper is to review how Korean trading companies perform and promote the digital transformation through the e-networking with global market, and how much they extend the volume of export, and make the company grow inward or outward in order to enhance the effects of economic growth in Korea. It is suggested that global agreement on e-Trade(or u-Trade) should be made in order to expand the global e-networking practices and to ensure transferring of transport documents(or business documents). Moreover, it also suggested that networking on the global trading partners such as government authorities, diplomatic offices abroad, overseas Koreans, students studying abroad, Korean merchants abroad, etc. should be made in single window for improving and upgrading the image of Korean trading companies. By making of global e-network platform between overseas business partners, trading companies are able to expect various synergy effects such as improving the satisfaction of their customers, promoting the global transactions, reducing the operation and transaction cost, helping fording overseas buyers, and extending export volume and sales profit, etc. Customers can also obtain the information about trading goods easily and rapidly, and cut down the transaction stage using information exchange with partners. All of the trading partners in the world can maintain their business partnership as long as they use the global e-network.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2020

There is great confusion over what constitutes public diplomacy (PD), who its actors are, and the relevance of non-state actors. In the Korean context, in addition to the general fuzziness of the concept, linguistic peculiarities of the terms gonggong and gongjung both of which refer to public, waegyo, which is interchangeably used for international affairs, foreign policy and diplomacy, and juche which is simultaneously used for actor and agent, add more layers of confusion. While the term PD in Korea is based almost entirely on Western conceptualization, these linguistic peculiarities prevent fruitful conversations among scholars and practitioners on PD. Against this background, this research note explores and addresses conceptual ambiguities that pertains to PD and the policy discourse on the topic, particularly on non-state PD in Korea. The paper draws on Korean government's PD-related policy documents and Diplomatic White Papers and all relevant academic articles found in Korean-language journals registered in the Korean Citation Index (KCI), which are analysed to gain an understanding of the PD-related policy discourse in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.111-121
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the historical facts about the negotiation process between Korea and the U.S. over the launch of AFKN-TV's color broadcasting in 1977, which can be evaluated as the first time that the government raised the issue of broadcasting sovereignty against the U.S. government. More specifically, through literature research on archive documents stored in the Korean National Archives and Diplomatic Archive of Korea National Diplomatic Academy, this study examined the arguments, perceptions, and actions of the two governments by dividing three phases of the negotiation process. As a result of the study, the negotiations with the U.S. government over the unilateral color broadcasting of AFKN-TV in early 1977 and the conflict between the two countries led to a new perspective of broadcasting sovereignty. The Korean government's commitment to broadcasting sovereignty targeted the U.S. government in the 1980s once again.