• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.403-407
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• 2005

Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate, from castor oil, was performed to produce methyl undecenoate. Methyl undecenoate has excellent deodorant, bactericidal and fungicidal activity. The object of this study was to find the optimum temperatures to maximize the yield of methyl undecenoate. The optimum temperatures were at $500^{\circ}C$ and $590^{\circ}C$ for preheating and pyrolysis, respectively. The maximum yield was 46% on the basis of injected methyl ricinoleate. The feeding rate of methyl ricinoleate mixture was selected as the scale-up factor. Maintaining the maximium yield, the feeding rate was scaled-up 20 folds, while the reactor was scaled-up 18 times.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.125-130
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• 2007

Single-phase is used widely power of field of appliance because can use commercialized power directly without power transform. Specially, because condenser nu-drive style single-phase induction motor efficiency is excellent, and most suitable in embodiment as economical. It is established true that method by crossing self-discipline and method by revolving magnetic field are interpretation of net single-phase induction motor, but method to calculate electric motor inside proper move in existent theory or method is some complex. That arbor in the law of circuit constant that combine equivalent circuit law with numerical analysis law according to development of the latest computer or microprocessor is suggested and does the calculation processing fast and correct. In this paper, measurement wishes to present method that calculate after calculate digital measurement that measures correctly and measures impossible the first and the second leakage reactance and no-load test locked-rotor test, DC test and resistance measurement of stator winding in circuit parameter calculation program that is had for MatLab program individually in single-phase power.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2001

A system simulation program was developed for a multi-type inverter heat pump. Electronic expansion valve(EEV) was used to extend the capacity modulating range of the heat pump as expansion device. The program was also developed to calculate actual system performance with the building load variation with climate during a year. The performance variation of a multi-type hat pump with two EEV and an inverter compressor was simulated with compressor speed, capacity, and flow area of the EEV. As a result, the optimum operating frequency of the compressor and openings of the expansion device were decided at a given load. As compressor speed increased, he capacity of heat pump increased, the capacity of heat pump increased. Therefore flow area of EEV should be adjusted to have wide openness. Thus the coefficient of performance(COP) of the heat pump decreased due to increasement of compressor power input. The maximum COP point at a given load was decided according to the compressor speed. And under the given specific compressor speed and the load, the optimum openings point of EEV was also decided. Although the total load of indoor units was constant, the operating frequency increased as the fraction of load in a room increased. Finally ad the compressor power input increased, the coefficient of performance decreased.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.334-339
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• 2008

요즈음 각종 미디어를 통해 '디지로그' 라는 신조어가 주목 받고 있다. 디지로그의 핵심은 디지털 기반의 이분법적인 사고의 틀을 보완하기 위해 아날로그적인 감성의 도입을 의미한다. 이는 기능중심적인사고로 해결할 수 없는 인간과 컴퓨터의 간극을 새롭게 조명할 수 있는 기회를 제공함으로서 HCI 문제의 새로운 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 기존 생활가전제품 인터페이스의 중요한 목적은 사용성, 유용성과 같은 기능적인 측면 이었다. 이는 제품자체의 목적을 그 기능에 국한하였기 때문이다. 하지만 현재 에어컨, 냉장고와 같은 생활 가전제품들의 위상은 기능을 넘어 집안의 인테리어의 요소로써의 역할 뿐만 아니라 자신을 대변 할 수 있는 혹은 과시하고 싶은 명품 이미지로써 점차 자리잡기 시작하였다. 또한 TFT Color LCD의 도입은 제품의 상태를 단순히 전달해 주는 단계를 벗어나 심미적인 표현까지 가능하게 해주었다. 이를 계기로 수채화 표현기법과 같은 아날로그 메타포를 활용한 감성적 인터페이스가 시도될 수 있었다. 아날로그 메다포를 활용한 디지털 가전 인터페이스의 첫 번째 단계는 스타일이다. 아날로그적인 스타일을 가장 대표적으로 보여주는 것은 바로 회화영역이다. 에어컨 공기청정기능의 프로그레시브 영역에 수채화로 표현된 산과 들을 보여줌으로서 인터페이스가 하나의 풍경화로서의 접근이 가능하게 된다. 이는 소비자들에게 정신적인 만족감과 더불어 제품의 프리미엄의 이미지를 각인시킨다. 두 번째 단계는 스토리이다. 기능을 디지털의 On/Off에 의거하여 나열 하기보다 기능과 기능사이의 문맥을 스토리로 연결함으로서 아날로그적인 접근이 가능하다. 이러한 스토리의 기준은 사용자의 경험에 기인하여 만들어지게 된다. 마지막으로 활용할 수 있는 단계는 컨텐츠이다. 이제는 한가지로 집중된 기능만으로는 사용자를 만족 시킬 수 없다. 사용자에게 인간적인 체온이 느껴지는 아날로그적인 컨텐츠를 제공함으로서 인터페이스 자체로 감동을 줄 수 있게 된다. 이와 같은 변화는 디지털제품의 궁극적인 목표가 사용자에게 있다는 것을 다시 한번 확인시켜준다. 이제는 똑똑하고 편리한 인터페이스를 넘어 사용자체가 감성적 만족감을 주는 매력적인 인터페이스로 진화 하고 있는 것이다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.491-497
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated $PM_{10},\;NO_2$, and l-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) in urine at indoor environments which are 35 houses and 20 hospitals for using air cleaner and non-using air cleaner in Seoul metropolitan area and Kyoung-gi province from April, 2003 to February, 2004. Moreover, we examined effect of improvement for indoor air quality and health effect by concentration of 1-OHP also we investigated removal efficiency by air cleaner for $PM_{10},\;NO_2$, and 1-OHP that were 28.5\%,\;27.4\%,\;and\;42.1\%$ respectively. Concentration of$PM_{10},\;NO_2$, and 1-OHP were $19.02\pm18.14{\mu}g/m^3,\;8.66\pm3.06ppb,\;and\;0.19\pm0.18{\mu}g/g$, creatinine when air cleaner was no worked. The concentration for $PM_{10},\;NO_2$. and 1-OHP were $13.60\pm10.79{\mu}g/m^3,\; 6.29\pm2.71ppb,\;and\;0.11\pm0.10{\mu}g/g$ creatinine, respectively. It was significant statistically. Therefore, it is considered using the air cleaner to remove the partial pollutants in indoor environment and is positive effect for health.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 2009

The plate heat exchanger(PHE) in heat pump has two flow streams of the refrigerant and water. The flow direction of the refrigerant, unlike that of water, can be changed by a 4-way valve depending on operating condition. Therefore the flow arrangement is a parallel flow for heating and a counter flow for cooling, respectively. In this study, the effects of the flow direction of the water on the heat transfer rate are investigated experimentally. The experiments are carried out for brazed plate heat exchangers under a parallel and counter flow conditions in evaporation and condensation. The experimental parameters in this study include the mass flux of the refrigerant 410A from 3 to $14\;kg/m^2s$ and the flow patterns for the pressure of PHE fixed at 0.97 and 2.46 MPa. The results show that both the heat transfer rate and frictional pressure drop across the PHE increase with the mass flux. The heat transfer rate of the refrigerant 410A for evaporation show great sensitivity to flow direction of the water. The heat transfer rate for evaporation with a counter flow are 5-30% higher than that with a parallel flow.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2009

Recently, the research focused on fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) is becoming an attractive solution due to environmental pollution generated by fossil fuel vehicles. The proper energy control strategy will result in extending the fuel cell lifetime, increasing of energy efficiency and an improvement of vehicle performance. Battery state of charge (SoC) is an important quantity and the estimation of the SoC is also the basis of the energy control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles. Estimating the battery's SoC is complicated by the fact that the SoC depends on many factors such as temperature, battery capacitance and internal resistance. In this paper, battery charging time estimated by SoC is studied by using the speed response and current response. Hybrid system is consist of a fuel cell unit and a battery in series connection. For experiment, speed response of vehicle and current response of battery were determined under different state of charge. As the results, the optimal battery charging time can be estimated. Current response time was faster than RPM response time at low speed and vice versa at high speed.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2003

The electronic commerce continues to grow dramatically. Also, consumer complaints and damages related to e-commerce grow rapidly. The analysis of consumer complaints showed that consumer of e-commerce tended to buy the various product categories including cloth and home appliance. The damages of delivery problem rapidly rose by 1,185.3%. In categories of transaction including of 'internet shopping mall', 'internet contents' and 'internet auction', about 90% of consumer damages was related to 'internet shopping mall' but consumer damages of 'internet contents' was anticipated to be increased in the near future. The major goods and services of damages was 'digital camera', notebook PC', 'internet game service' etc. Therefore, it is required to establish consumer protection measures to be prevent consumer fraud such as internet shopping mall, Halfplaza.com, and major goods and services of damages. Also, it is need to establish system of spontaneous consumer protection improving consciousness of e-commerce companies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.379-385
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to propose that co-working plan with patient information service system for dental clinic and dental lab using smart phone system which is recently spread to. For this purpose, we introduced latest mobile S/W development environment. And design key features of patient information service system based on mobile platform(Android) by user interface design. In fact, we have applied this system(mobile system) to dental clinic and dental lab, we have following results: 1.There were significant possibility in dental utilization of smart phone based on latest ICT(Information & Communication Technology) technology. 2. Improve conventional method of image upload by connecting digital camera to the server computer using USB port. 3. Reduce error of image management by direct upload to server computer from smart phone. 4. Improve process of making prosthetic appliance by displaying dental image on smart phone in dental lab.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.194-202
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• 2013

In the modern society, phenomena such as a decrease in population and an increase in urban small houses caused by demographic changes, a decrease in midium-large housing constructions, and the concentration of one to two person families in the capital area cultivated ground for the growth of small house market. In response to these trends, interior coordination becomes a critical factor to be applied to the small houses in order to suit the residents' needs in most convenient, efficient and aesthetic ways. Therefore, an evaluation element is in demand to extract, evaluate and constantly improve the interior coordination elements. This study extracts and analyzes the essential elements required for small houses into spatial structure, system coordination and interior coordination. In domestic cases, most of spatial structure was conventional and linear while in foreign countries, various variations were found to reflect the needs from different consumers. For the system coordination, convenience played the most important role to emphasize on the easy use of digital system and built-in appliance system in domestic cases. However, in foreign countries, safety issue and economic aspects were the most considered when it comes to the interior coordination. In regard to interior coordination, installations of the storages for the limited small spaces that also support as extended spaces were rare to find in both cases for domestic and international settings. It is expected that systematic studies focused on more objective standards for interior coordination shall be implemented to provide indicators to measure the interior coordination cases in the near future.