• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic utility of a frozen section biopsy in patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric neoplasms with obscure margins even with chromoendoscopy using acetic acid and indigo carmine (AI chromoendoscopy). Materials and Methods: The lateral spread of early gastric neoplasms was unclear even following AI chromoendoscopy in 38 patients who underwent ESD between June 2007 and May 2011. Frozen section biopsies were obtained by agreement of the degree of lateral spread between two endoscopists. Thus, frozen section biopsies were obtained from 23 patients (FBx group) and not in the other 15 patients (AI group). Results: No significant differences were observed for size, histology, invasive depth, and location of lesions between the AI and FBx groups. No false positive or false negative results were observed in the frozen section diagnoses. Adenocarcinoma was revealed in three patients and tubular adenoma in one, thereby changing the delineation of lesion extent and achieving free lateral margins. The rates of free lateral resection margins and curative resection were significantly higher in the FBx group than those in the AI group. Conclusions: Frozen section biopsy can help endoscopists perform more safe and accurate ESD in patients with early gastric neoplasm.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2011

The anatomy and ultrastructure of the digestive diverticulum of Saxidomus purpuratus were described using light and electron microscopy. The digestive diverticulum of dark green color was situated on the gonad and connected to stomach by a primary duct. Digestive diverticulum is composed of numerous digestive tubules. The epithelial layer of digestive tubule, which is simple, is composed of basophilic cells and digestive cells. Basophilic cells are columnar in shape, and the electron density is higher than that of the digestive cell. The cytoplasm has a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, tubular mitochondria, Golgi complex and membrane-bounded granules of high electron density. Digestive cells are columnar in shape, with development of microvilli on the free surface. Pinocytic vasicles, lysosomes and numerous mitochondria were observed in the apical cytoplasm of digestive cells. The results of this study suggest that basophilic cells and digestive cells in the digestive tubule are specialized in the extracellular and intracellular digestions, respectively.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.37-56
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• 2015

This thesis aimed to determine the effecting factors(eating pattern, working condition, stress, health care) that help maintain the health of the cosmetologists' digestive system and the diseases involved (acid reflux, indigestion, gastritis, constipation & diarrhea). The research methods included survey and statistical analysis. The survey was conducted on 242 cosmetologists from August 30 to October 30 2014. The data analysis included frequency, cross table, ${\chi}^2$-test, and regression with SPSS(V. 14). The results were as follows ; (1) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and eating pattern are related. Regular and enough meal times cause less digestive disease. Acid reflux, indigestion, gastritis, constipation and diarrhea are differently related with the type of usual eating pattern, especially, instant food is not good for digestive health. (2) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and working condition are related. Longer daily working hours and exposure time to chemical odors are more likely to be associated with digestive diseases; whereas, longer time of standing and talking with colleagues are less likely to be associated with digestive diseases. (3) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and stress are related. Headache, boredom, conflict of pay and compensation, and insomnia are not good for digestive health. (4) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and health care are related. Periodical medical examination and usual body stretching are correlated with digestive diseases; whereas, people who do regular exercise and bowel movement are less likely to have digestive diseases.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

The microanatomy and ultrastructure of the digestive diverticulum of Mytilus galloprovincialis were described using light and electron microscopy. The digestive diverticulum of tawny color was surrounded the stomach and connected to stomach by a primary duct. Digestive diverticulum is composed of numerous digestive tubules. The epithelial layer of a simple digestive tubule, which is simple, is composed of basophilic cells and digestive cells. Basophilic cells are columnar in shape, and has a well-developed endoplasmic reticula, tubular mitochondria, Golgi complex and membrane-bounded granules of high electron density in the cytoplasm. Whereas digestive cells are columnar in shape, with development of microvilli and cilia on the free surface. Pinocytic vasicles, active lysosomes and numerous mitochondria were observed in the apical cytoplasm of digestive cells. The results of this study suggest that basophilic cell and digestive cell of the digestive tubule are specialized in the extracellular and intracellular digestion, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

The anatomy and ultrastructure of the digestive diverticulum of Tegillarca granosa were described using light and electron microscopy. The digestive diverticulum was situated on the gonad and connected to stomach by a primary duct. Digestive diverticulum is composed of numerous digestive tubules. The epithelial layer of digestive tubule, which is simple, is composed of basophilic cells and digestive cells. Basophilic cells are columnar in shape, and the electron density is higher than that of the digestive cell. The cytoplasm has a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, tubular mitochondria, Golgi complex and of membrane-bounded granules of high electron density. Digestive cells were classified into three types. According to cell shape, electron density and cell organelles. However, three types of epithelia was same that striated border was observed in free surface and lysosome was observed in cytoplasm. The results of this study suggest that basophilic cells and digestive cells in the digestive tubule are specialized in the extracellular and intracellular digestions, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2619-2623
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• 2014

Aim: To investigate signaling pathways for reversal of EGF-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. Materials and Methods: HCC MDR cell strain HepG2/adriamycin (ADM) and SMMC7721/ADM models were established using a method of exposure to medium with ADM between low and high concentration with gradually increasing concentration. Drug sensitivity and reversal of multi-drug resistance by EGF were determined and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of ERK1, ERK2, ERK5 and expression of Bim were detected by Western blotting. Results: The results showed that HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells were resistant not only to ADM, but also to multiple anticancer drugs. When used alone, EGF had no anti-tumor activity in HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells in vitro, while it increased the cytotoxicity of ADM. EGF induced cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2/ADM And SMMC7721/ADM cells, while enhancing activity of p-ERKs and up-regulated expression of BimEL. Conclusions: EGF might enhance the chemosensitivity of HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells via up-regulating p-ERKs and BimEL protein.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.126-128
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• 2013

Pyogenic liver abscess in patients with malignant disease is a fatal state and is easily diagnosed. We presented a rare case of sudden fatal septicemia following anticancer treatment for recurred gastric cancer due to multiple liver abscesses which could not be diagnosed. A 72-year-old male with recurred gastric cancer received anticancer agents. He had a history of distal gastrectomy with right hepatic lobectomy for hepatic metastasis. He received anticancer treatment in the outpatient's service center periodically, and his performance status was preserved with nothing in particular. After administrating docetaxel, he suddenly developed septicemia and multiple organ failure and died 5 days after strong medical supports. Pathological autopsy revealed that multiple minute abscesses of the liver which could not be detected macroscopically were the causes of fatal septicemia. The etiology, therapies and prognosis of rare entity are being discussed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2003

Pancreatin is a enzyme mixture breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Most pancreatin used in Korea is imported from foreign countries. However, guideline of each country for pancreatin produced from each country is different. Therefore, guideline for pancreatin imported from several countries, such as Europe, Japan and America, it is standardized to control its quality. Assay of enzyme activity for pancreatin in KP is similar to tat in JP, but it is significantly different from those in FP ad in USP. We measured pancreatin digestive activities of 17 commercial products. Activity assay of digestive enzymes, starch- and lipid-digestive enzymes, for pancreatin by KP method (including JP) was difficult compared to those by FIP ad USP methods. Particularly, activity assays of starch- and lipid-digestive enzymes by KP method were mistakable, ad varied in diluted samples than those by FIP. However, activity assay of protein-digestive enzyme by KP method was similar to that by FIP. Starch-digestive enzyme activities of 17 commercial pancreatins by KP method were lower 0.079-fold compared to those by FIP method. Their protein-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were higher 75.7-fold than those by FIP method. Their lipid-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were lower 0.234-fold compared to those by FIP method.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.380-389
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• 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a clustering of at least three of the following medical conditions: high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, and high serum triglycerides. MS is related to a wide range of diseases which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There remains an ongoing need for improved treatment strategies for MS. The most important risk factors are dietary pattern, genetics, old age, lack of exercise, disrupted biology, medication usage, and excessive alcohol consumption, but pathophysiology of MS has not been completely identified. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) refers to steamed/dried ginseng, traditionally associated with beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. KRG has been often used in traditional medicine to treat multiple metabolic conditions. This paper summarizes the effects of KRG in MS and related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on experimental research and clinical studies.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2017

Consumption of liquid digestive medicine has continually grown in recent years. This present study was designed to evaluate the capability of liquid digestive medicine to erode dental enamel, relating the pH and titratable acidity of liquid digestive medicine. Three commercially available liquid digestive medicines were chosen these were Gashwalmyeungsu, Saengrokchun and Wicheongsu. The liquid digestive medicines were evaluated in respect to pH, titratable acidity and concentrations of calcium and phosphate, respectively. This measure was carried out three times for each digestive medicine and was recorded the data as mean (standard deviation). Bovine enamel specimens measured microhardness at base line and then were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 each. The specimens were immersed into each liquid digestive medicine for 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and then evaluated each time by VHN. All digestive medicines had a pH of less than 3.7. Wicheongsu had the lowest pH 2.93 and Gashwalmyeungsu had highest pH 3.63. In pH 5.5, titratable acidity of Wicheongsu was 1.27 ml. Gashwalmyeungsu was 0.63 ml. Saengrokchun was 0.60 ml. All liquid digestive medicines showed low concentration of calcium and phosphate. The microhardness of specimens after immersion into liquid digestive medicines was continuously reduced in all digestive medicines. After 30-minute treatment in liquid digestive medicines, Wicheongsu containing low pH and high tiratable acidity was shown to be lowest microhardness value ($207.80{\pm}15.52$). The three liquid digestive medicines caused surface softening of enamel erosion. We conclude that drinks, commonly consumed by functional dyspepsia patient can cause erosion of enamel.