• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.769-778
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• 2005

The velocity and pressure fields of a ship's Weis-Fogh type propulsion mechanism are studied in this paper using an advanced vortex method. The wing (NACA0010 airfoil) and channel are approximated by source and vortex panels. and free vortices are introduced away from the body surfaces. The viscous diffusion of fluid is represented using the core-spreading model to the discrete vortices. The velocity is calculated on the basis of the generalized Biot-Savart law and the pressure field is calculated from an integral, based on the instantaneous velocity and vorticity distributions in the flow field. Two-dimensional unsteady viscous flow calculations of this propulsion mechanism are shown. and the calculated results agree qualitatively with the measured thrust and drag due to un-modeled large fluctuations in the measured data.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1407-1412
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• 2004

The velocity and pressure fields of a ship's propulsion mechanism of Weis-Fogh type are studied by advanced vortex method. The wing of NACA0010 type and the channel are approximated by a finite of source and vortex panels, and the free vortices are introduced from the surface of their bodies. The viscous diffusion of fluid is represented by the core-spreading method. The velocity field is calculated on the basis of Biot-Savart law and the pressure field is calculated from the integration equation formulated by Uhlman. The flow fields of this propulsion mechanism are unsteady and complex, but the flow fields are clarified by numerical simulation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1979

Themogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the kinetics of the $Si_3N_4$ formation from Korean rice hulls in the temperature range from $1990^{\circ}C$ to $1370^{\circ}C$. The experimental results indicated that the reaction rate controlling step in the overall process is the diffusion of CO gas from the surface of carbon particle to main body of $N_2$ gas fluid through the stagnant gas film around the carbon particle. The kinetics followed a nearly linear rate law at the initil reaction stage. The activiation energy for the formation of $Si_3N_4$ from Korean rice hulls was 43.5Kcal/mole.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

The three dimensional structure of thermohaline circulation in a D-plane is investigated using a conceptual two layer model and a scaling argument. In this simple model, the water mass formation region is excluded. The upper layer represents the oceans above the main thermocline. The lower layer represents the deep ocean below the thermocline and is much thicker than the upper layer. In each layer, geostrophy and the linear vorticity balance are assumed. The cross interfacial velocity that compensates for the deep water mass formation balances downward heat diffusion from the top. From the above relations, we can determine the thickness of the upper layer, which is the same as thermocline depth. The results we get is basically the same as that we get for an f-plane ocean or the classical thermocline theory. Mass budget using the velocity scales from the scaling argument shows that western boundary and interior transports are much larger than the net meridional transport. Therefore in the thermohaline circulation, horizontal circulation is much stronger than the vertical circulation occuring on a meridional plane.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2009

The effect of Ga and, Nb addition on the kinetics and mechanism of the disproportionation of a Nd-Fe-B alloy were investigated by isothermal thermopiezic analysis (TPA) using $Nd_{12.5}Fe_{(81.1-(x+y))}B_{6.4}Ga_xNb_y$ (x=0 and 0.3, y= 0 and 0.2) alloys. The addition of Ga and Nb retarded the disproportionation kinetics of the Nd-Fe-B alloy significantly, and increased the activation energy of the disproportionation reaction. The disproportionation kinetics of the $Nd_{12.5}Fe_{(81.1-(x+y))}B_{6.4}Ga_xNb_y$ alloys measured under an initial hydrogen pressure of 0.02 MPa were fitted to a parabolic rate law. This suggested that during the disproportionation of $Nd_{12.5}Fe_{(81.1-(x+y))}B_{6.4}Ga_xNb_y$ alloys with an initial hydrogen pressure of 0.02 MPa, a continuous disproportionation product is formed and the overall reaction rate is limited by the diffusion of hydrogen atoms (or ions).

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.258-267
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• 1998

For the purpose of investigating the growth characteristics and composition of nitrides, gas nitridings of the austenitic stainless steel, STR 36 heat resisting steel and martensitic stainless steel are investigated at the temperature ranges between $500^{\circ}C$ and $675^{\circ}C$ for 5hours under the $75%NH_3+5%CO_2+20%$Air gas atmosphere. When gas nitriding the austentic stainless steel and STR 36 heat resisting alloy, the abnormal growth behavior of compound layer deviating from the conventional diffusion law with increasing temperature appears, while the compound layer of martensitic stainless steel shows the normal diffusional growth behavior. From the examination of microstructure, X-ray diffraction and hardness test, it is concluded that the abnormal growth behavior of compound layer with increasing temperature induces from the formation and dissolution of CrN and ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4N$ at the nitriding temperature ranges of $600{\sim}650^{\circ}C$.

• 천문학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1993

In order to explore the time dependence of the closure parameters of the two-fluid calculations for supernova remnants and the terminal shocks of stellar winds, we have considered a simple model in which the time evolution of the cosmic-ray distribution function was followed in the test-particle limit using the Bohm diffusion model. The particles are mostly accelerated to relativistic energy either in the free expansion phase of the SNRs or in the early phase of the stellar winds, so the evolution of the closure parameters during these early stages is substantial and should be followed correctly. We have also calculated the maximum momentum which is limited by either the age or the curvature of these spherical shocks. We found that SNRs expanding into the medium where the gas density decreases with the distance from the explosion center might be necessary to explain the observed power-law distribution of the galactic cosmic rays. The energy loss due to the escaping energetic particles has been estimated for the terminal shocks of the stellar winds.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.324-331
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• 1973

이상기체 혼합물을 연속체의 물질역학과 비가역 변화의 열역학에서 개발된 방법으로 연구하였다. 자유 에너지의 함수 형태와 각개 성분의 기체법칙을 엔트로피 부등식으로부터 직접 유도하고 혼합물의 변형, 열 전도, 확산 및 화학반응이 받는 제약을 명시함으로서 앞으로 이 방법을 다른 물질들에 응용하는 데에 도움이 되도록 하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.161-164
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• 2005

A probability-based durability design which minimizes the uncertainties on durability parameters of concrete is proposed for reinforced concrete structures subjected to chloride attack. The uncertainties of various factors such as water-cement ratio, curing temperature, age of concrete and the variation of these factors which affect chloride ion diffusion are considered. For the durability design, a probability-distribution function for each factor is obtained and a program which combines Fick's 2nd law and Monte Carlo simulation is developed. The durability design method proposed in this study considers probability of durability limit and probability of the concentration of chloride ion, so that the probability-based deterioration prediction is possible.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1134-1140
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• 2001

In the present study, heat transfer characteristics of oil flow over offset strip fins were predicted by the numerical methods. Oil flow in the plate-fin passage was idealized by 2 dimension. Power law scheme and SIMPLE algorithm were used for convective diffusion formulation and pressure term respectively. Governing equations were discretized by control volume formulation. The flow patterns and heat transfer were predicted in details. The convective heat transfer coefficients were affected by separation bubbles which appeared at the wake region of offset strip fins.