• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2003

It has been a major concern in the foundry that steel castings manufactured by the evaporative pattern casting process encounter the carbon pick-up problem. A carbon rich layer at the evaporative pattern cast surface is a result of interactions between the gaseous products from foamed polystyrene and the molten metal. The carburized layer with a high hardness makes it difficult to machine the casting. In this study, the influence of the density of EPS pattern and coatings on carbon pick-up phenomena of S25C and S45C commercial carbon cast steel were investigated. As the density of EPS pattern is increased, the carbon concentration of decomposed pattern is increased and the thickness of carburized layer at the surface of steel castings is increased. Also as the density of coatings is increased, the permeability of coatings is decreased and the thickness of carburized layer at the surface of steel castings is increased. S25C steel which has lower original carbon content compared to S45C steel exhibited severe carburization.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권4_2호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2023

The multi-axis combined machining technology has enabled combined machining, which was difficult. However, the reality is that manufacturing costs are rising due to expensive equipment and there is a shortage of machine operation engineers. The purpose of this research is to present the optimum cutting conditions for the surface roughness when processing the inner diameter of SUS440C, which is an egg material, using a CNC automatic lathe. As a result of measuring the surface roughness, dry machining was the best at R_a0.481㎛ at a spindle speed of 4,000rpm, a feed rate of 0.05rev/min, and a cutting depth of 0.3mm. In wet machining, the highest value was R_a0.317 at a spindle speed of 2,000 rpm, a feed rate of 0.05 rev/min, and a cutting depth of 0.2 mm. The lower the feed rate, the better surface roughness appears. It was found that the feed rate had more influence than the number of revolutions and depth of cut.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

The technology of electrical discharge tap machining may be appropriate for making thread out of highly brittle material. Especially, it is very difficult to machine tap with the traditional method if the brittle material has been hardened by quenching. In this study, the shape of electrical discharge blind hole tap machining was analyzed by discharge time, discharge current, and the flushing hole condition after quenched the tool steel of STD11 has discharged the tap shape with a screw-shaped copper(Cu) electrode. An experimental design was planned and analyzed by Taguchi robust experimental design. The result showed that the shape of the blind hole discharge tap was influenced by the flushing hole, discharge time, and discharge current. The most important factor of the processing conditions was found to be the discharge current. When blind hole EDM with a copper electrode with a flushing hole was conducted, the discharged shape was found to be smooth and the angle of the discharged tapped thread was also found to be close to the thread angle of $60^{\circ}$. As the values of discharge time and discharge current increased, the EDMed surface coarsened due to the increase of the single discharge energy and the shape of the thread collapsing.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2022

종래의 spot형 UV경화기는 복수의 렌즈를 이용한 collimator 광학계를 구성하여 광속을 광케이블로 입사하도록 하고 있다. 전달 광 효율을 높이기 위해 3매 이상의 렌즈로 구성된 collimator 광학계가 필요하며 이에 따라 광학계 정렬에 어려움이 있고, 시스템을 컴팩트하게 구현하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 3매 렌즈로 구성된 collimator 광학계와 동등한 수준의 스폿 직경 및 광 효율을 구현할 수 있는 단일 TIR 렌즈 collimator 설계하였다. 이를 통해 최소 조도 편차를 갖는 경화 위치에서의 광 효율이 33.2 % 수준으로 참조 collimator 광학계의 성능과 유사한 수준을 확보하였고, 경화면에서의 조도 편차는 18.8 % 수준으로 양호한 성능을 확보하였다. 또한, 이미지 면에서의 조도 평탄화 기능을 갖는 fly-eye lens를 condensing 렌즈 앞단에 배치함으로써, TIR 렌즈만 적용한 경화 광학계와 비교할 때, 유효 경화영역 직경이 5.0 mm에서 3.0 mm 로 줄어 보다 높은 경화 에너지 밀도를 구현할 수 있었으며, 조도 편차는 14.4 % 수준으로 현격히 개선할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2019

Sapphire is currently used as a substrate material for blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The market for sapphire substrates has expanded rapidly as the use of LEDs has extended into various industries. However, sapphire is classified as one of the most difficult materials to machine due to its hardness and brittleness. Recently, a lap-grinding process has been developed to combine the lapping and diamond mechanical polishing (DMP) steps in a single process. This paper studies, the effect of wafer surface roughness on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process by pressure and abrasive concentration in the lap-grinding process of a sapphire wafer. In this experiment, the surface roughness of a sapphire wafer is measured after lap-grinding by varying the pressure and abrasive concentration of the slurry. CMP is carried out under pressure conditions of 4.27 psi, a plate rotation speed of 103 rpm, head rotation speed of 97 rpm, and slurry flow rate of 170 ml/min. The abrasive concentration of the CMP slurry was 20wt, implying that the higher the surface roughness after lapgrinding, the higher the material removal rate (MRR) in the CMP. This is likely due to the real contact area and actual contact pressure between the rough wafer and polishing pad during the CMP. In addition, wafers with low surface roughness after lap-grinding show lower surface roughness values in CMP processes than wafers with high surface roughness values; therefore, further research is needed to obtain sufficient surface roughness before performing CMP processes.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1978

알루미나이징강에 대하여 초기마모영역에서 rolling-sliding 마모시험을 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 2차 확산재의 내마모성이 가장 우수하고 처녀재에 비하여 저응력 레벨에서 약 18%, 고응력에서 약 40%의 마모감소를 나타낸다. 2) 2차 확산재는 피복층과 합금층 경계부근의 공공생성으로 인하여 예상보다 내마모성이 낮다. 3) 알루미나이징강의 rolling-sliding 접촉에 의한 마모파양의 형태는 spalling 이며 spalling crack은 합금속의 경계부근에서 발생한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.610-621
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• 2018

칠기문화재의 보존처리는 문화재 보존 복원의 기본 원칙에 따라 전통재료를 활용하여 보존처리하는 것을 기본으로 하므로 보존처리 재료로써 옻칠의 사용이 요구된다. 하지만 옻칠은 고습의 환경에서 건조가 이루어져 수분에 의한 기물의 손상 가능성을 주의해야 한다. 또한 천연물질이므로 종류 및 산지에 따라 성분 조성이 달라져 이에 따른 건조특성과 건조조건이 다르게 나타나는 특징이 있어 균일한 결과를 내기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 옻칠 조습 건조기를 이용하여 성분 함량에 따른 옻칠의 건조조건을 파악하고 결과로 얻어지는 옻칠 도막의 광학적 특성을 분석하여 데이터베이스화 하고자 하였다. 동일한 환경에 두 종류의 옻칠을 노출한 결과, 수분을 제외한 주성분비에서 우루시올의 비율이 평균 13.4% 높은 국내산 옻칠이 낮은 중국산 옻칠보다 건조속도가 2 배 ~ 3 배 빠름을 알 수 있었고 두 옻칠 모두 습도가 높은 환경일수록 건조시간이 단축됨을 확인하였다. 그리고 건조시간이 짧을수록 명도가 낮고 광택이 강한 옻칠 도막이 형성되었다. 단, 포화습도에서는 광택이 떨어지는 것을 확인하였다. 상대습도 70% 이하에서는 옻칠의 건조가 원활히 이뤄지지 않았고 장기간 건조되더라고 도막의 명도가 높고 색도 차이가 낮아 견고한 옻칠 도막을 형성하였다고 보기 어렵다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2023

미세구조 특성의 불확실성은 재료 특성에 많은 영향을 준다. 시멘트 기반 재료의 공극 분포 특성은 재료의 역학적 특성에 큰 영향을 미치며, 재료에 랜덤하게 분포되어 있는 많은 공극은 재료의 물성 예측을 어렵게 한다. 공극의 특성 분석과 재료 응답 간의 상관관계 규명에 대한 기존 연구는 통계적 관계 분석에 국한되어 있으며, 그 상관관계가 아직 명확히 규명되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 합성곱 신경망(CNN, convolutional neural network)을 활용한 이미지 기반 데이터 접근법을 통해 시멘트 기반 재료의 역학적 응답을 예측하고, 공극분포와 재료 응답의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 머신러닝을 위한 데이터는 고해상도 마이크로-CT 이미지와 시멘트 기반 재료의 물성(인장강도)로 구성하였다. 재료의 메시 구조 특성을 분석하였으며, 재료의 응답은 상장균열모델(phase-field fracture model)에 기반을 둔 2D 직접 인장(direct tension) 유한요소해석 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 평가하였다. 입력 이미지 영역의 기여도를 분석하여 시편에서 재료 응답 예측에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 영역을 CNN을 통하여 식별하였다. CNN 과정 중 활성 영역과 공극분포를 비교 분석하여 공극분포특성과 재료 응답의 상관관계를 분석하여 제시하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.89-98
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• 2017

The floor heating method generally uses a wet construction method including the installation of resilient material, lightweight foam concrete, heating piping, and finishing mortar. Such a wet construction method not only delays other internal finishing processes during curing period for two mortar pouring process, but also has a disadvantage that it is difficult to replace the floor heating layer when it deteriorated because it is integrated with the frame. Dry floor heating construction method can be a good alternative in that it can solve these defects. Conversely, when it applied to the wall structure that is vulnerable to the interlayer noise compared with the column-beam structure, the question about the heavy-impact sound(HIS) insulation performance is raised. Therefore, conventional dry floor heating method is hard to apply to the wall structure apartments. Therefore, for the purpose to improve the applicability of dry floor heating method in wall structure apartments, this study investigated the change of floor impact sound, especially HIS insulation performance which is one of the required performance for the floor structure. This study tried to examine whether the change of heavy-impact sound pressure level(SPL) shows a tendency at the significant level according to the shape and mass of the floor structure. Through filed experiments on wall structure apartment, this study confirmed that the form of the raised floor shows better HIS insulation performance than the fully-supported form. In addition, it was also confirmed that the HIS insulation performance increases with the mass on the upper part. Moreover, this study found the fact that a mass of about 30 kg/m² or more should be placed on the upper structure to reduce the heavy-impact SPL according to the bang machine measuring method. Although this study has a limit due to insufficient experiment samples, if the accuracy of this study is increased, it will contribute to the diffusion of dry floor heating by setting the HIS insulation performance target and designing the dry floor heating structure that meets the target.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

Currently, a lot of efforts to make increases the manufacturing efficiency have tried and there is growing the interest to implementing the machining operation through CAM automation and optimization. This kind of movement has shown gradually in 5X milling as well as 3X milling task. By the way, in case of 5X milling, it is difficult to hire the CAM experts who is an experience for 5X machining and also it has too big trouble to use them due to high cost. For this reason, you can see the manufacturer who is concern the CAM S/W to provide the NC automation program that beginners can generate easily the 5X milling in short term and the existing 5X milling process can be improved. These requirements need to make a NC automation process including the practical machining strategies same as the generation by NC expert. In order to support this, it is necessary to directly apply the 3D machining part based on NC template which includes the machining procedures, standard cutter library, auto machine area selection, analyze tool for part shape, machining condition setting considering the material stiffness to be provided by CimatronE and it should be created the 5axis machining data by a minimized operation. With user-friendly, CimatronE's NC machining automation tools improve the 5-axis machining process and speed up the process, maximizing work efficiency and improving product productivity compared to existing machining tasks.