• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 1997

After performing the auricular acupuncture therapy for the functional headache, we came to gain the following therapy effects. 1. In the whole of the patients of the functional headache, housewives of forties were most of all. 2. In the classification of mordern medicine on the patients of the functional headache, muscular contractional headache was most of all and in the classification of oriental differentiation of symtoms and signs(辨證), headache due to deficiency of blood(血虛頭痛) was most of all. 3. In the regional auricular acupuncture therapy for the functonal headache, Taiyang of auricular point(太陽點) had an effect on the lateral headache around the area of Taiyang of auricular point(太陽點) though the actions of sedation, analgesia, Neck of auricular point(頸點) had an effect on the muscular contractional headache of the occipital region, and Stomach of auricular point(胃點) had an effect on the headache of stagnation of phlegm(痰濁頭痛) of anterior region with a chronic digestive disease. 4. The average treatment times of the auricular acupuncture therapy in the patients of the functional headache was 4.08 times, if we have them take auricular acupuncture therapy about 4 times it could be thought to take excellent effect of treatment. 5. The effect of auricular acupuncture therapy for functional headache was turned out to be effective in the following orders ; lateral region(Group A), occipital region(Group B), anterior region(group C). Through the clinical consequences of therapy mentioned above, we came to confirm regular therapeuric effects and hereafter, it is considered that a clinical comparative study on oriental cure and auricular acupuncture therapy for headache has to be more progressed than now.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.34-44
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical characteristics with 25 patients who have suffered from headache and were treated. Methods : We classified 25 patients into several groups by IHS classification and evaluated the effects of oriental medical therapy on headache. Results : 1. According to the statistics, instances of migraine were more prevalent than tension headache, especially among women. 2. 28% of patient had entered for treatment within one month of onset. 3. Common associated symptoms included dizziness, nausea, dyspepsia, palpitation and insomnia. 4. In classification by the oriental medical differentiation of symptoms and signs, the rate of stagnation of the humid dam and deficiency of qi, these two types were highest. 5. 56% of patients said they were satisfied with the treatment, reporting half the frequency of headache or better from before treatment. Conclusions : The present results suggest that oriental medical therapy has effects on headache. Further clinical comparative studies on herb-medication versus acupuncture therapy for headache are urged.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

The palpation of spinous process and transverse process of vertebra are important part of the assesment and treatment from Orthopedic manual therapy. But the palpation area is descriptive differently each of literatures. So we generally got these outcomes. : There are C2, C3, C4 and C6 process as a bony landmarks and these are important part of establish the precise location of pain appears from cervical spine. Even though C7 process regard a prominent part, it is hard to distinguish C6 and process of T1. Thru that differentiation, grab the patient's forehead and try them cervical and hyper-extension check any movement of process or put on the fingers on C7 preocess and check the movement. The palpation of thoracic spine process is the land mark which determines general level orientation in the spine easily, there are T2, T7 spinous process. However, It is depends on how do you test the patient's arm when you palpate it and it can effect on spinous process. The transverse process of C1 is the only spot for palpation in cervical spine, and T1-3, T12 transverse process can palpate it when it stands on the process. The end of T4-6, T11 is placed on middle on vertebra of transverse process and transverse process. T7-9, T10 transverse process is place on same position as spinous process which is upper part of the spine.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the multipotent capacity and this potential can be applied for obtaining valuable cell types which can use for cell therapy on various regenerative diseases. However, insufficient availability of cellular source is the major problem in cell therapy field using adult stem cell sources. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been highlighted to overcome a limitation of adult cellular sources because they retain unlimited proliferation capacity and pluripotency. To use of hESCs in cell therapy, above all, animal pathogen free culture system and purification of a specific target cell population to avoid teratoma formation are required. In this study, we describe the differentiation of a mesenchymal stem cell-like cells population from feeder-free cultured hESCs(hESC-MSCs) using direct induction system. hESC-MSCs revealed characteristics similar to MSCs derived from bone marrow, and undifferentiated cell markers were extremely low in hESC-MSCs in RT-PCR, immunostaining and FACS analyses. Thus, this study proffer a basis of effective generation of specialized human mesenchymal stem cell types which can use for further clinical applications, from xenofree cultured hESCs using direct induction system.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte (CM) hold great promise as a cellular source of CM for cardiac function restoration in ischemic heart disease. However, the use of animal-derived xenogeneic substances during the biomanufacturing of hiPSC-CM can induce inadvertent immune responses or chronic inflammation, followed by tumorigenicity. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effects of xenogeneic substances on the functional properties and potential immunogenicity of hiPSC-CM during differentiation, demonstrating the quality and safety of hiPSC-based cell therapy. Methods and Results: We successfully generated hiPSC-CM in the presence and absence of xenogeneic substances (xeno-containing (XC) and xeno-free (XF) conditions, respectively), and compared their characteristics, including the contractile functions and glycan profiles. Compared to XC-hiPSC-CM, XF-hiPSC-CM showed early onset of myocyte contractile beating and maturation, with a high expression of cardiac lineage-specific genes (ACTC1, TNNT2, and RYR2) by using MEA and RT-qPCR. We quantified N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a xenogeneic sialic acid, in hiPSC-CM using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry. Neu5Gc was incorporated into the glycans of hiPSC-CM during xeno-containing differentiation, whereas it was barely detected in XF-hiPSC-CM. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the electrophysiological function and glycan profiles of hiPSC-CM can be affected by the presence of xenogeneic substances during their differentiation and maturation. To ensure quality control and safety in hiPSC-based cell therapy, xenogeneic substances should be excluded from the biomanufacturing process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2033-2041
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• 2007

For many years, it has been demonstrated that neurotrophins regulate the adult nervous system, implicating their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We generated adenoviral vectors encoding brain-derived neutotrophin factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and tested either separately or together for the ability to induce differentiation of neuronal precursor cells with two different origins. Separate transduction of adenovirus delivering BDNF (BDNF-Ad) or NT3 (NT3-Ad) induced the neuronal differentiation in hippocampal and cortical precursor cells. NT3-Ad infected cells extended short neurites, whereas BDNF-Ad infected cells had longer neurites. In the early differentiation of hippocampal precursor cells, simultaneous infection of BDNF-Ad and NT3-Ad promoted further differentiation and neurite elongation compared with the separate infection of each virus. In contrast, simultaneous infection did not show the synergistic effect in the cortical precursor cells, suggesting that the neurotrophins play distinct roles in different regions of the brain. However, the numbers of neurites and spines per differentiated cells were markedly increased in cortical as well as hippocampal precursor cells, indicating the promotion of efficient neurite elongation and formation of dendritic spine, when BDNF-Ad and NT3-Ad were co-infected. These results suggest more studies in the effect of a combinatorial use of neurotrophins on different sites of brain need to be carried out to develop gene therapy protocols for neurodegenerative diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2003

Embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferate extensively in the undifferentiated state and have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types in response to various environmental cues. The generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from ES cells is promising for cell replacement therapy to treat Parkinson's disease. We compared the in vitro differentiation potential of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cells induced with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or retinoic acid (RA). Both types of treatment resulted in similar neural cell differentiation patterns at the terminal differentiation stage, specifically, 75% neurons and 11% glial cells. Additionally, treatment of hES cells with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or transforming growth factor (TGF)- $\alpha$ during the terminal differentiation stage led to significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, compared to control (P<0.05). In contrast, no effect was observed on the rate of mature or glutamic acid decarboxylase-positive neurons. Immunostaining and HPLC analyses revealed the higher levels of TH (20.3%) and dopamine in bFGF and TGF-$\alpha$ treated hES cells than in RA or BDNF treated hES cells. The results indicate that TGF-$\alpha$ may be successfully used in the bFGF induction protocol to yield higher numbers of functional dopaminergic neurons from hES cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

In recent years, there were frequent exogenous contagious diseases in Eastasia like SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome), Avian influenza, Swine influenza, MERS etc. But there are various interpretations about their pathological differentiations and lead to controversy to diagnosis and medicinal use. So there needs universal and consistent understanding methods. Several conclusions are obtained from the research on differentiation theories of various epidemic diseases. Essential elements of differential diagnostic system are pathogen, characters and matters of disease and loci, especially three yin and three yang has close affinity with constitutional features or body shape. Binding these 3 categories, an integrated differentiation 3 dimensional coordinates are made. Out of these, each elements of 3 pathogen-axial lines are related with names of exogenous disease, and those of 3 feature-axial lines are related with 8 principal patterns. And those of 3 locus-axial lines implicating therapeutic method are related with steps and location of exterior and interior, 3 yin 3 yang, Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood, five viscera and six bowels and tissues. Additionally, 3 lines of each axis consist of factors which have their own affinity each other, so classification of pathogen, feature, locus of disease has layered interconnectedness. This classification system is included in constitutional features of individual patient. Afterwards, these cognitive structure can be used as a general theory guiding method of therapy, prevention and aftercure healthcare.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.15
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• 2020

Regenerative therapy holds great promise in the development of cures of some untreatable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including induced PSCs (iPSCs) are the most important regenerative seed cells. Recently, differentiation of human PSCs into functional tissues and cells in vitro has been widely reported. However, although porcine reports are rare they are quite essential, as the pig is an important animal model for the in vitro generation of human organs. In this study, we reprogramed porcine embryonic fibroblasts into porcine iPSCs (piPSCs), and differentiated them into cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31)-positive endothelial cells (ECs) (piPSC-derived ECs, piPS-ECs) using an optimized single-layer culture method. During differentiation, we observed that a combination of GSK3β inhibitor (CHIR99021) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promoted mesodermal differentiation, resulting in higher proportions of CD31-positive cells than those from separate CHIR99021 or BMP4 treatment. Importantly, the piPS-ECs showed comparable morphological and functional properties to immortalized porcine aortic ECs, which are capable of taking up low-density lipoprotein and forming network structures on Matrigel. Our study, which is the first trial on a species other than human and mouse, has provided an optimized single-layer culture method for obtaining ECs from porcine PSCs. Our approach can be beneficial when evaluating autologous EC transplantation in pig models.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

Low intensity laser irradiation is potential physical agent that triggers the muscle regeneration by previous study. In muscle regeneration, a number of growth factors also promotes that is triggered in response to muscle damage. The transforming growth factor(TGF)-$\beta$ is involved in the activation of cell proliferation and the inhibition of cell differentiation in muscle regeneration. This is secreted not only autocrine system but also paracrine and endocrine. Therefore, We investigated that effects of Gallium aluminum arsenide(GaAlAs) diode laser for the expression of TGF-$\beta$ on lumbar spinal cord after extensor digitorum muscle crush injury. After laser irradiation, the immunoreactivity of TGF-$\beta$ was increased bilaterally in gray mater of spinal cord. Especially, in 1 day, experimental group was highed than control, and in 3 day, lateral motor nucleus were storong immunoreactivy of TGF-$\beta$. Also, in 1 and 2 day, TGF-$\beta$ was showed in white mater as well as gray mater, but in 3 day, only showed in gray mater. These data may suggests to the establishment of laser irradiation on spinal cord for skeletal muscle injury.