• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.53-67
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the quality of landslide susceptibility in a landslide-prone area (Jinbu-myeon, Gangwon-do, South Korea) by spatial prediction modeling approach and compare the results obtained. For this goal, a landslide inventory map was prepared mainly based on past historical information and aerial photographs analysis (Daum Map, 2008), as well as some field observation. Altogether, 550 landslides were counted at the whole study area. Among them, 182 landslides are debris flow and each group of landslides was constructed in the inventory map separately. Then, the landslide inventory was randomly selected through Excel; 50% landslide was used for model analysis and the remaining 50% was used for validation purpose. Total 12 contributing factors, such as slope, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), elevation, forest type, forest timber diameter, forest crown density, geology, landuse, soil depth, and soil drainage were used in the analysis. Moreover, to find out the co-relation between landslide causative factors and incidents landslide, pixels were divided into several classes and frequency ratio for individual class was extracted. Eventually, six landslide susceptibility maps were constructed using the Bayesian Predictive Discriminant (BPD), Empirical Likelihood Ratio (ELR), and Linear Regression Method (LRM) models based on different category dada. Finally, in the cross validation process, landslide susceptibility map was plotted with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) and tried to extract success rate curve. The result showed that Bayesian, likelihood and linear models were of 85.52%, 85.23%, and 83.49% accuracy respectively for total data. Subsequently, in the category of debris flow landslide, results are little better compare with total data and its contained 86.33%, 85.53% and 84.17% accuracy. It means all three models were reasonable methods for landslide susceptibility analysis. The models have proved to produce reliable predictions for regional spatial planning or land-use planning.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 1998

A series of greenhouse test was conducted to evaluate infection of Calonectria ilicicola on soybean plants of different ages at time of inoculation. Lesion length and number of perithecia were determined on cultivars Braxton, Deltapine 726, and Riverside 699 that were 10∼40 days old and 4-10 days old at time of inoculation. Quadratic and linear relationships were described between plant age at inoculation and lesion length or perithecia production in greenhouse studies. Soybean seedlings exhibited low susceptibility to C. ilicicola regardless of cultivar susceptibility. On 8- or 1-0-days-old Braxton, lesion lenght and perithecia numbers were reduced. Lesion lengths were longest on plants 30 days old whereas perithecia production was greatest on plants 20∼30 days old at time of inoculation. Differences in lesion length and perithecia production that were observed on young plants (4∼10 days old) were similar to relative levels of susceptibility in soybean cultivars in greenhouse and field tests, suggesting that reaction to C. ilicicola in soybean cultivars may be determined early in plant development.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2010

It is important to select appropriate antimicrobials for the treatment of infection according to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs), yet the clinical isolates are sometimes susceptible to antibiotics that are clinically ineffective or this is due to technical error of the ASTs. So, interpretive reading of ASTs is needed and especially for the ${\beta}$-lactams for treating $Enterobacteriacae$. This review describes the interpretive reading of ASTs according to natural antimicrobial resistance and the mechanisms of mechanisms, with giving special attention to the antibiotics phenotypes for $Enterobacteriacae$. Further, as all the diffent tissues have a different antimicrobial concentration for identical antimicrobials, more information is needed on the antimicrobial tissue distribution for the appropriate treatment of infection. (ED note: I hope you send me the paper.)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.69.2-70
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• 2003

For the selection and breeding of chestnut varieties resistant to the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, disease resistance and susceptibility of 28 varieties widely planted and growing in Korea were evaluated by artificial inoculation of a pathogenic fungus. For this experiment, a typical virulent strain (KCPC-19) was selected. Artificial inoculation was conducted into all varieties by using two different materials and methods, i.e., bark and wood tissue sections in the laboratory and living trees in the field. In the bark and wood tissue section method, the size of necrotic area and canker development on chestnut varieties were examined and compared 4 days after inoculation. There were wide variations of chestnut varieties in disease resistance and susceptibility against chestnut blight fungus, but 3 varieties, Daebo！, Ishizuchi, and Sandae, were shown to be relatively resistant to the disease with the necrotic area of 0.95-1.03 cm2, while Arima was the most susceptible with the size of 2.0 cm2. In the living tree inoculation examined 5 weeks after inoculation, 3 varieties, Daebo, Ishizuchi, and Riheiguri, showed the higher resistance, but Tono 2 did the highest susceptibility among tested varieties.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

The tendency and degree of hot cracking of high strength 5083, 6N01 and 7N01 Al alloy welds by using DCSP-GTAW through modified Varestraint test and autogenous butt welding were investigated. In hot cracking test, 6N01 alloy showed the highest susceptibility to hot cracking in the weld metal and HAZ. Cracking susceptibilities generally increased with increase of solidification temperature range of the base metal and bead penetration-to-width ratio of the weld metal. The cracks in welds of the alloys vertically formed to solid-liquid interface and propagated along with columnar grain boundaries. The fracture facets of cracks showed the typical morphology of solidification crack observed as dendritic structures. Especially, in 6N01 alloy, liquation cracks which were due to elements of Si, Fe and Mg also observed in HAZ near fusion boundary. In butt welding of different Al alloys, the bead crack was mainly occurred in the welds of 6N01, 7N01 and other Al alloys together with 6N01 or 7N01. In the butt welds of 7N01, it was found that the component of Cu had an effect on the higher susceptibility to the hot cracking.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Brachyspira species and antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae isolates in Korea. A total of fifty-five Brachyspira species were isolated; five (1.0%) beta-hemolytic Brachyspira species and 50 (10.4%) weak hemolytic Brachyspira species from 116 different diarrheic pig samples and 367 apparently normal pig samples. In farm level, beta hemolytic and weak hemolytic Brachyspira species were detected in 7.4% (5/68) and 19.1% (13/68) of tested pig farms, respectively. By phenotypic and genotypic characterization, all beta hemolytic Brachyspira isolates was classified as group I (B. hyodysenteriae), whereas weak hemolytic Brachyspira species isolates were group III (B. innocens or B. murdochii). B. hyodysenteriae isolates showed high level of minimum inhibition concentrations to macrolide antimicrobials. This study shows that the prevalence of pathogenic B. hyodysenteriae in pigs is low but antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens is high in Korea. This is the first report of the prevalence of Brachyspira group III and antimicrobial susceptibility of B. hyodysenteriae in pigs in Korea. Our results could provide basic data for the management and treatment guidelines of Brachyspira infection.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

In order to quantitatively evaluate the solidification cracking susceptibility in laser welds of three types of austenitic stainless steels (type 310: A mode, type 316-A: AF mode, type 316-B: FA mode solidifications), the laser beam welding (LBW) transverse-Varestraint tests consisted of multi-mode fiber laser, welding robot and hydraulic pressure system were performed. As the welding speed increased from 1.67 to 40.0 mm/s, the solidification brittle temperature range (BTR) of laser welds for type 316 stainless steels enlarged (316-A: from 37 to 46 K, 316-B: from 14 to 40 K), while the BTR for type 310 stainless steel reduced from 146 to 120 K. In other words, it founds that solidification cracking susceptibility could not be simply mitigated through application of LBW process, and the BTR variation behavior is quite different upon solidification mode of austenitic stainless steels.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2008

It has been reported that the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of viridans streptococci vary according to geographical region. Although several studies on the antibiotic resistance of viridans streptococci in foreign countries have been reported, little is known about the distribution of resistance among viridans streptococci in Korea. In this study, 88 isolates of viridans streptococci from Korean students' dental plaque were identified as 12 different species. The susceptibility of these isolates to 8 antibiotics was investigated. The in vitro antibiotic activity of penicillin G, ampicillin, vancomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline was measured by the broth microdilution method. The range of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), MIC50, MIC90, and the percentage of the susceptible isolates were determined. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius were susceptible to the 8 antibiotics. Isolates with resistance to vancomycin, streptomycin, and amoxicillin were not found. The overall resistance rates of the 88 isolates to penicillin G, ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline were 12.5%, 62.5%, 62.5%, 26.1%, and 26.1%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.571-574
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• 1997

fMRI, functional MRI introduced recently appears based on the gradient echo technique which is sensitive to the field inhomogeneity developed due to the local susceptibility changes of blood oxygenation and deoxygenation. Common to all the gradient echo techniques is that the signal due to the susceptibility effects is generally decreased with increasing inhomogeneity due to the $T2^*$ effect or conventionally known as blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect. It is, also found that the BOLD sensitivity is also dependent on the imaging modes, namely whether the imaging is in axial, or coronal or sagittal mode as well as the directions of the vessels against the main magnetic field. We have, therefore, launched a systematic study of imaging mode dependent signal change or BOLD sensitivity as well as the signal changes due to the tilting angle of the imaging planes. Study has been made or both TRFGE sequence and CGE sequence to compare the distinctions of the each mode since each technique has different sensitivity against susceptibility effect. Method of computation and both the computer simulations and their corresponding experimental results are presented.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important bacterial pathogen that causes chronic gastritisand is associated with gastroduodenal ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach, and gastricH. pylori infection associated with host agehave not been well-defined in human. To evaluate the difference in host susceptibility to infection in relationto age of acquisition of H. pylori infection, we designed an experiment involving inoculation of H. pyloriATC 43504 at different ages of Mongolian gerbils. H. pylori was inoculated at 5 weeks and 18 monthsof age, as representatives of early and late infection, respectively. Animals were sacrificed 1 week and 4weeks after challenge, and the stomach was removed from each animal for bacterial culture, histologicalexamination, and polymerase chain reaction test. 5 week-old gerbils revealed infection andmaintained continuously its infection until 4 weeks. However, old gerbils did not maintained H. pyloriinfection. These data suggest the insusceptibility of H. pylori in old Mongolian gerbils and the importanceof animal ages for successful animal experimental infection. Also, the results demonstrated that earlyinfection of H. pylori increases its host susceptibility, as compared to the case with later infection, possiblybecause of differences in host gastric mucosal factors and imunologic responses.