• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1994

In order to study performance enhancing effects of supplementary antibiotics (avoparcin, nosiheptide and enramycin), two feeding trials were conducted. In Experiment 1, 1, 040 male Arbor Acres were reared in floor pens for 6 wk. Chicks were assigned to one of the following four treatments: Basal diet(B), B+avoparcin 10 ppm, B+nosiheptide 2.5 ppm and B+enramycin 5 ppm. Each treatment had five replications of 52 chicks each. In Experiment 2, two antibiotics (avoparcin and enramycin) were compared in $2{\times}2$ (antibiotics$\times$sex) factorial design. One thousand broiler chicks were reared in floor pens for 6 wk. Each of the 4 treatments had five replications of 50 chicks each. The results of Experiment 1 showed that antibiotic treatments (enramycin, avoparcin and nosiheptide) significantly(P <0.05) improved weight gain. Feed/gain ratio of avoparcin treatment and enramycin treatment tended to he lower than the control but they were not statistically significant. Dressing percentages were high in avoparcin and enramycin treatments compared to the control and nosiheptide treatment. The number of E. coli and Cl. perfringens in ileum and cecal contents were decreased by antibiotic treatments. Moisture contents in excreta of the birds were not significantly affected by the treatments. Leg abnormality and mortality were not significaniy different among treatments. In Experiment 2, weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) different between sexes, but not between antibiotic treatments. Significant effects of antibiotics (P<0.01), sex (P<0.01) and interaction (P<0.05) were shown in feed in take. Feed/gain ratio of avoparcin treatment was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of enramycin treatment. leg abnormality and mortality were not significantly different among treatments but those in male broiler tended to be higher than in female broilers. It was concluded that nonsystemic antibiotics supplemented to the broiler diets suppress undesirable microorganisms and improve broiler performace in general and avoparcin was most effective in improving feed/gain ratio.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1771-1786
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• 2022

Objective: Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a key factor that imparts of meat flavor. Differences in the IMP content in the muscles were evaluated to improve chicken meat quality. Methods: For this study, the IMP content was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The gene expression profiles of Jingyuan chickens with different feeding patterns and different sexes were analyzed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Results: Breast muscle IMP content in free-range chickens was extremely significantly higher than that of caged chickens (p<0.01). Breast muscle IMP content in hens was also higher than that of cocks, but the difference was not significant. Correlation analysis showed that the breast muscle IMP content in caged hens and cocks was negatively correlated with the shear force, and the breast muscle IMP content in free-range hens was significantly negatively correlated with the shear force (p<0.05). The two key genes associated with IMP synthesis in chickens with different feeding patterns were glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) and phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the GLUL and PDE10A genes are involved in glutamine biosynthesis and purine salvage pathways respectively. In addition, GLUL expression was positively correlated with the IMP content in caged and free-range chickens, and PDE10A expression was significantly positively correlated with the IMP content in caged and free-range chickens (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings will facilitate the comprehension of the deposition of IMP in the muscles and thereby aid the process of selection and breeding of good quality local chickens.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2023

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular microarchitecture parameters, and cortical linear measurements in the mandibles of male and female individuals to identify differences between them. Materials and Methods: In total, 116 cone-beam computed tomography scans of healthy individuals of different ages (57 men and 59 women, aged between 20 and 60 years) were selected. The following bone parameters were measured: 1) buccal, lingual, and basal cortical bone thickness in 5 standard parasagittal sections (the midline, the left and right sides of the lower lateral incisors, and the left and right sides of the lower canines); 2) the bone volume fraction of 10 sequential axial sections from each patient by creating a volume of interest in the area between the lower canines; and 3) fractal dimension and lacunarity using grayscale images of the same region of the volume of interest in the anterior mandible. Spearman correlation coefficients and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: A significant and positive correlation was found between age and cortical thickness, especially in the region of the central incisors. Significant differences between sexes in terms of fractal dimension, lacunarity, and bone volume were found. Women revealed lower fractal dimension values and higher lacunarity and bone volume ratio values than men. Conclusion: Fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular bone volume, and cortical thickness were different between men and women of different ages.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2024

Ticks host different pathogens as endosymbiont and nonpathogenic microorganisms and play an important role in reproductive fitness and nutrient provision. However, the bacterial microbiomes of white-tailed deer ticks have received minimal attention. This study aimed to examine the bacterial microbiome of ticks collected from Odocoileus virginianus on the Mexico-United States border to assess differences in microbiome diversity in ticks of different species, sexes, and localities. Five different tick species were collected: Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermacentor nitens, Otobius megnini, Amblyomma cajennense, and A. maculatum. The tick microbiomes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Among all tick species, the most predominant phylum was Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The ticks from Tamaulipas and Nuevo León presented the highest bacterial species diversity. Acinetobacter johnsonii and A. lwoffii were the common bacterial species in the microbiome of all ticks, Coxiella were present in R. microplus, and Dermacentor nitens also exhibited a Francisella-like endosymbiont. The microbiome of most females in D. nitens was less diverse than that of males, whereas R. microplus occurs in females, suggesting that microbiome diversity is influenced by sex. In the bacterial communities of A. maculatum and O. megnini, Candidatus Midichloria massiliensis, and Candidatus Endoecteinascidia fumentensis were the most predominant endosymbionts. These results constitute the initial report on these bacteria, and this is also the first study to characterize the microbiome of O. megnini.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1986

산간지(山間地) 농촌(農村) 주민(住民)의 영양상태(營養狀態)를 파악(把握)하고자 식품(食品) 및 영양소(營養素) 섭취 실태 조사와 아울러 기생충검사(寄生蟲檢査)를, 20세이상(勢以上) 성인(成人) 45명(名)에 대(對)하여는 체위계측혈압측정(體位計測血壓測定) 및 혈액(血液) 성분(成分)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 식물성(植物性) 식품중(食品中)에서 곡류(穀類)의 섭취량(攝取量)이 높은 반면 두류(豆類)와 잡곡류(雜穀類)의 섭취(攝取)가 적었으며 채소류(菜蔬類)는 특히 침채류(浸菜類)의 섭취가 많았고 동물성(動物性) 식품(食品)의 경우 우유제품(牛乳製品) 및 난류(卵類)의 섭취가 적었으며 유지류(油脂類)의 섭취도 저조(低調)하였다. 그러나 육류(肉類)의 섭취는 많은 편이었다. 봄, 가을간의 식품(食品) 섭취 양상(樣相)은 뚜렷한 차이(差異)를 보였다. 즉 봄에는 곡류(穀類)의 섭취량이 많고 채소류의 섭취량이 적은 반면 가을에는 채소류(菜蔬類)와 육류(肉類)의 섭취량이 많았고 우유(牛乳) 제품(製品)의 섭취는 없었다. 가장 부족된 영양소(營養素)는 riboflavin, 칼슘 단백질(蛋白質), 열량(熱量), 철분순(順)이었으며 봄, 가을 모두 thiamin과 niacin만이 권장량을 상회하였고 retinol과 ascorbic acid는 가을에만 권장량을 상회하였다. 당질, 단백질 및 지방의 열량(熱量) 백분율은 82.2%, 11.6% 및 6.2%이었다. 신장(身長), 체중(體重), 흉위(胸圍), 상완위(上腕圍)등 신체 계측 결과(結果)는 남녀(男女) 모두 체위 기준치에 미달 되었다. 혈색소(血色素)함량(含量) 및 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比)는 남녀(男女) 모두 정상(正常) 수준(水準)이었으며 빈혈율(貧血率)은 44~50%로서 낮게 나타났으며 봄, 가을간 유의차(有意差)는 없었다. 혈당치(血糖値) 및 혈장(血漿) 단백질(蛋白質), 지질(脂質) 농도(濃度)는 남녀(男女) 모두 정상(正常) 수준(水準)이었으며 단백질(蛋白質) 농도(濃度)는 봄보다 가을에 약간 높았다. 수축기(收縮期) 및 확장기(擴張期) 혈압(血壓)도 남녀(男女) 모두 정상(正常)이었고 봄과 가을간에 유의차(有意差)는 없었다. 남자(男子)의 경우 혈장(血漿) albumin 농도(濃度)는 열량(熱量), 지질(脂質), 단백질(蛋白質), 칼슘 및 철분의 섭취와 total protein 농도(濃度)는 칼슘 및 철분의 섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보였으며 albumin 농도(濃度)는 단백질(蛋白質) 및 철분의 섭취와, phospholipid 농도(濃度)는 열량(熱量) 및 지질(脂質)섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보여 혈장(血漿) 단백질(蛋白質) 및 지질(脂質) 농도(濃度)가 영양소(營養素)의 섭취와 유관(有關)함을 나타내었다. 반면 여자(女子)의 경우에는 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比)가 철분의 섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보였고 triglyceride 농도(濃度)는 칼슘 thiamin, riboflavin 및 ascorbic acid의 섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相觀)을 보였다. 남녀간(男女間)에 일관(一貫)된 경향(傾向)을 나타내지는 않았다. 남자(男子)의 경우 체중(體重)과 신장(身長)은 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比), total protein, albumin 농도와, 흉위(胸圍)는 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比), 상완위(上腕圍)는 total protein 및 albumin 농도와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보여 체위(體位)가 여러 혈장(血漿) 성상(性狀)과 유관(有關)함을 나타내었다. 반면 여자(女子)의 경우는 신장(身長)은 total protein 농도와, 상완위(上腕位)는 triglyceride농도와 유의(有意)한 상관(相關)을 나타내어 남녀간(男女間)에 일관(一貫)된 경향(傾向)을 보이지는 않았다. 기생충(寄生蟲) 감염율(感染率)은 극히 낮은 수준으로 봄, 가을간 유의차(有意差)는 없었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.273-283
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• 1998

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New wonbangwoohwangchungsimwon (NSCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material qf musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were per-formed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs (3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dose of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NSCH, 160 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 400 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Ad-ministration (l996. 4. 16). $LD_{50}$ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg per oral for both male and females. In animals administered with NSCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NSCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.249-260
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• 1998

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New Woohwangchungsimwon (NWCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs(3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dose of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NWCH, 160 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 400 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (1996. 4. 16). $LD_{50}$/ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg per oral for both male and fe-males. In animals administered with NWCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NWCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 1987

Upon analyzing the literature, it becomes apparent that norms for orthodontic diagnosis were from normal occlusion with pleasing face, and that the form and size of craniofacial skeleton were different between racial or ethnic groups. Therefore, this study was intended to establish Korean adult norms be useful for diagnosing the cases and to compare those to other ethnic or racial groups. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of ninety-one Korean adults with normal occlusion showing pleasing face consisted in forty-three males and forty-eight females. The subjects ranged in age from seventeen to twenty-six years. The tracings involved measurements that were analyzed with a digitizer. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows, 1. Norms of Korean adult males, females, and combined sexes were established. 2 It was found that in the form and shape of craniofacial skeleton, there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females 3. There were a great variation between ethnic or racial groups in the measurements of craniofacial skeleton 4 The size of Korean cranial base was smaller than the American Caucasian. 5 The maxilla and mandible of Korean were less protruded than those of the other ethnic groups 6 The dental pattern of Korean were more proclined than that of the American Caucasian and less protruded than that of the American Negro and the North Indian.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1990

The work was undertaken to evaluate the calcification of the second and the third molars in skeletal Class II and III malocclusions. The differences in the calcification stages between skeletal Class II and III malocclusion were evaluated and statistically analysed from panoramic radiographs of 202 males and females ranging in age from 11 to 15 years old. The results were as follows, 1. The calcification stages of the second and the third molars were not different between the skeletal Class II and III malocclusions in each age groups of both sexes. 2. The calcification stages of lower second and third molars of the skeletal Class III malocclusion are more advanced than those of the skeletal Class II malocclusion in male. 3. The clacification stages of upper second and third molars are more advanced than those of lower second and third molars in skeletal Class II malocclusion. 4. The calcification stages of lower second and third molars are more advanced than those of upper second and third molars in skeletal Class III malocclusion.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.385-391
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• 1998

The study was carried out to evaluate the acute toxicity of enrofloxacin-colistin combination via a single oral(p.o.)and intravenous(i.v.) administration in ICR mice. All procedures of the test were performed by the established regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4.14). The maximal dose of oral and intravenous routes was 5,000mg/kg and 90mg/kg, consisting with each 6 groups including control of male and female, respectively. As the results, $LD_{50}$m}'s of the combinations showed 3,075mg/kg (f)and 2,564mg/kg(m) after oral administrations, together with 48mg/kg(f) and 40mg/kg(m) after intravenous administration. These facts indicated that acute toxicitiy of enrofloxacin-colistin combination were different depending on the administration routes and sexes in ICR mice. In conclusion, the route of enrofloxacin-colistin combination must not choose as i.v. route administration in terms of acute toxicity based on $LD_{50}$.