• KCID journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-46
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• 1998

This study was conducted to derive optimal design floods by generalized gamma distribution model of the annual maximum series at six watersheds along Han and Nag Dong river systems. Design floods obtained by different methods for estimation of parameters

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.259-262
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• 1997

The microstructures of soybean milk curds, prepared by different coagulation methods, were observed by the scaning electron microscope. Th curd coagulated by theaddition of bacerial soybean mil clotting enzyme showed little textural changes and gave smoother gel than those prepared either by lactic acid fermentation using Streptococcus thermophilus or by the addition of CaSO$_4$. The curds obtained by lactic acid fermentation and by the addition of inorganic salt exhibited three dimensional network structure which indicated harder gel than that prepared by soybean mil clotting enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

The main concern of this paper is to develop a new class of quasi-newton methods. These methods are intended for use whenever memory space is a major concern and, hence, they are usually referred to as limited memory methods. The methods developed in this work are sensitive to the choice of the memory parameter ${\eta}$ that defines the amount of past information stored within the Hessian (or its inverse) approximation, at each iteration. The results of the numerical experiments made, compared to different choices of these parameters, indicate that these methods improve the performance of limited memory quasi-Newton methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.878-881
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• 2006

In this paper, the luminance and resistance from different electrode materials of external electrode fluorescent lamp are measured and analyzed. New materials and process technology of external electrode are very important for the developed characteristics in lamp fabrication. In this experiments, three different types for the forming of external electrode are Cu and Al taping, silver paste, Ni and Cu electrode-less plating methods. In the measurements of luminance, the results of brightness by Ni and Au plating methods for the external electrode on lamp glass are presented and also compared with the results by the methods using different electrode materials. The measured resistance values of Ni and Au plating process showed a little bit higher than that of silver paste process in spite of developed results of brightness. But the Ni and Ni/Au plating processes are demonstrated best results and are also showed a little bit different brightness due to different previous sulfate etching treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2022

Chromosome breakage occurred by DNA methylation inhibitor. Zebularine is known as DNA methylation inhibitor and suitable for water solubility among different DNA methylation inhibitors as 5-Azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We used zebularine as mutagen according to different methods by roots absorption and seed imbibition. After zebularine treatment, DNA methylation inhibitor, we observed mitotic chromosome behavior what is different according to two different treatment methods. First, seed imbibition treatment in 1,000 μM of zebularine solution for 72 hours in dark conditions. The second treatment to seedlings of Keumkang was also treated in 1,000 μM of zebularine solution for 72 hours after germination. Root and shoot showed different elongations in each treatment. Root absorption treatment(3.01±0.48, 2.00±0.26) showed the shortest elongation in root and shoot than control(8.16±0.61, 4.03±0.48) and seed imbibition treatment(4.33±0.80, 2.48±0.36). It can be explained root tip meristematic cell activity was damaged by DNA methylation inhibitor. Primary root tips were collected in DW for 24 hours at low temperature(0℃) and fixed in fixation solution for 3 days to chromosome observation in mitosis. Mitotic index, chromosome structure and chromosome aberration were observed by phase-contrast microscope. Mitotic index of the control(0.29) showed twice mitotic cells as the treated groups(imbibition 0.15, absorption 0.14). Observation of chromosomes showed some short chromosomes and loosen chromosomes affected by zebularine. It is considered because of zebularine damage DNA in mitosis. We observed "gap by chromosome breakage" in chromosomes that have loose parts between centromere and telomere. It seems demethylation of zebularine occurs chromosome breakage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3590-3598
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• 2010

It is necessary to collect the coastal zone data, to prepare the objective analysis methods, and to build the scientific and technical support system for the efficient management of coastal zone in local aspect. This study analyzes the coastal zoning methods and the integrated methods of different kind data by case study of U.S.A coastal zone. The characteristics of coastal zone management methods in U.S.A are as follows; the concrete indices and methods of establishing coastal zone which can respond to the local values and land use, related data analysis methods for supporting spatial decision making, and establishment and administration of bureau for the spatial information construction and integration of coastal zone. This study suggest the technical implications which can build the domestic coastal zone management in local level on the basis of the common values of the coastal zoning methods and integrated methods of heterogeneous data in U.S.A.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2000

The absorption characteristics of Korean yam powder according to different drying methods were investigated. The physical properties of yam powder by different drying methods were showed the biggest porosity in freeze drying sample, while the smallest in hot air drying sample. No difference was founded in proximate compositions of yam powder by various drying methods. The amount of total phenolic compound and Vit C were showed the bigger decrement in freeze dried sample than other drying methods. The time reaching to equilibrium moisture content were determined in 12 days. Monolayer moisture contents were predicted to 0.0508∼0.0588 by BET equation and 0.0705∼0.0811 g H2O/g solid by GAB equation. BET equation for isothermal absorption curve showed over 0.95 R-square for every drying methods. GAB equation showed over 0.99 in vacuum and freeze drying but a poor R-square in hot air drying.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2015

Objective: Pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) form the base of the abdomino-pelvic cavity and also the PFMs function is important for urinary continence. PFMs training (PFMT) is considered to be the first method for PFM dysfunction. This study demonstrated correct PFMs contraction among commonly used different contraction methods for PFMT. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: In this study, nineteen middle-aged (40-70 years) women participated. To evaluate PFM function, ultrasonography was used to measure the distance of the bladder base movement. The distance of the PFM movements were calculated at rest and during the other contractions. The following four different contraction methods were performed randomly: (1) PFM contraction, (2) abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), (3) anal contraction, and (4) hip adductor muscle contraction. The participants held the contraction for 3 seconds for a total of 3 times with a 30 seconds rest period between each trial. The mean of three measurements in each position were obtained and compared with that in the resting position. Results: The bladder base movement values were significantly greater when comparing PFM with ADIM and hip adductor contractions (p<0.05). The bladder base movement values were significantly greater when comparing ADIM and anal contractions with hip adductor contractions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that performing PFM contractions is the best method among the common methods for PFMT. Performing PFM contractions was more effective than the other contraction methods.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in subtalar joint range of motion (ROM) when using different measurement methods, and to determine inter- and intra-rater reliability of goniometry as used in clinical setting. Methods: Subjects were thirty-one healthy males and females (sixty-two ankles) living in Korea. Three raters with different clinical experiences measured inversion and eversion range of motion of the subtalar joint two times. Measurements were done with subjects prone (open kinetic chain) and standing (closed kinetic chain). Rater and measurement methods were based on analyzing differences in range of motion. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results: Mean subtalar jont range of motion for inversion ranged from $9.31^{\circ}$ to $11.94^{\circ}$ for eversion, it ranged from $6.73^{\circ}$ to $9.20^{\circ}$. The differences in ROM between raters and between measurement methods were significant (p<0.01). The ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from $0.02^{\circ}$ to $0.20^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.23^{\circ}$ to $0.39^{\circ}$ for eversion. Intrarater reliability ranged from $0.32^{\circ}$ to $0.78^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.45^{\circ}$ to $0.73^{\circ}$ for eversion. Conclusion: Subtalar joint inversion and eversion ROM show differences for measurement methods low reliability between different raters, and low to high intra-rater reliability within sessions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.153-204
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• 1998

Prediction of lining loads due to tunnelling is one of the major issues to be addressed in the design of a tunnel. The objective of this study is to investigate rational and realistic design loads on tunnel linings. factors influencing the lining load are summarized and discussed. The instruments for measuring the lining loads are reviewed and discussed because field measurements are often necessary to verify the design methods. Tunnel construction in the City of Edmonton has been very active for storm and sanitary purposes. Since the early 1970's, the city has also been developing an underground Light Rail Transit system. The load measurements obtained from these tunnels are compared with the results from the existing design methods. However, none of the existing methods are totally satisfactory, Therefore, there is some room for improvement in the prediction of lining loads. The convergence-confinement method is reviewed and applied to a case history of a tunnel in Edmonton. The convergence curves are obtained from 2-D finite element analyses using three different material models and theoretical equations. The limitation of the convergence-confinement method is discussed by comparing these curves with the field measurements. Three-dimensional finite element analyses are performed to gain a better understanding of stress and displacement behaviour near the tunnel face. An improved design method is proposed based on the review of existing design methods and the performance of numerical analyses. A specific method or combination of two different methods is suggested for the estimation of lining loads for different conditions of tunnelling. A method to determine the stress reduction factor is described. Typical values of dimensionless load factors nD/H for tunnels in Edmonton are obtained from parametric analyses. Finally, the loads calculated using the proposed method are compared with field measurements collected from various tunnels in terms of soil types and construction methods to verify the method. The proposed method gives a reasonable approximation of the lining loads. The proposed method is recommended as an approximate guideline for the design of tunnels, but the results should be confirmed by field measurements due to the uncertainties of the ground and lining properties and the construction procedures, This is the reason that in-situ monitoring should be an integral part of the design procedure.