• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

This study aims to know temperature and humidity handling ability of Hwang-To brick and traditional paper window's in mock-up room test. To achieve these goals, mock-up room test was carried out. The results are as follows. 1) There are no significant differences among specimen in temperature handling capacity. 2) Traditional paper windows are very sensitive when compared with glass window in humidity control. 3) Traditional paper windows have a big handling capacity in humidity control when vapors letting out in mock-up room. 4) Hwang-To brick case is more stable than other cases in relative humidity variances because it has more potential to contain humidity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.516-523
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• 1997

The actual conditions of bedclimate are investigated depending on the regions and housing styles used on ondol in spring. Sixty healthy men and women (30 of them live in apartment and 30 of them live in detached house, 20 of them live in Wonju, 20 of them live in Cheongiu and 20 of them live in Pusan). The results are as follows: 1) The differences of bedclothes thickness between spring and autumn were not significant. weight of sleep-wear in spring was less than those in the autumn. 2) In the spring, the temperature and humidity of bedroom, floor, on/under the mattress, were lower and the temperature inside the sleep-wear was higher than those in the autumn. 3) The differences of the temperature and humidity of bedroom, the bed climate, and the clothing microclimate were significant by the regions and housing styles in spring. The temperature of bedroom and inside sleep-wear, the humidity of bedroom and inside sleep- wear in the apartment were higher than those in the detached house. 4) The differences of comfort sensation on the bedroom conditions was significant by the regions, and the differences of thermal sensation was significant by the housing styles. Most subjects perceived warm and dry but comfortable.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.311-320
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• 2013

The showcase has insufficient temperature control, but it has excellent humidity control. The annual average temperature and relative humidity inside the showcase was $18.8^{\circ}C$ and 60.3%, respectively, and the showcase showed lower temperature and higher humidity than the exhibition room. The temperature inside the showcase appeared with high variation according to the seasons, while relative humidity was ranging from 59% to 61% regardless of the seasons. The showcase showed high temperature and humidity likewise the exhibition room in summer. In addition, lowering of temperature was elevated relative humidity according to the operation of air conditioner in summer. A moisture problem occurred because the temperature and humidity differences between the exhibition room and showcase were large according to the operation of air conditioner in winter. PI for temperature and relative humidity inside the showcase is 18.0%, and it means conservation environment for exhibition is unsuitable. In particular, continuous management of temperature and humidity inside the showcase is required because PI in the summer and winter is less than 1.0%.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.151-162
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• 2002

This study aims to reveal the effects of shoe size room on the inner environment of shoes by examining the changes of footskin temperature, temperature and humidity of the shoes, and psychological responses. The following conclusions were made: 1. Skin temperature had significant differences according to shoe sizes in the inner foot parts (right/left) and the outer foot part (left). As time went, skin temperature was distributed as follows: Type A > Type C > Type B. 2. Skin temperature appeared in the following order: instep > inner foot > outer foot. 3. The temperature within the shoes had significant differences: Type A > Type C > Type B. But no significance was recognized in the humidity within the shoes: Type B > Type C > Type A. 4. Some significance was noticed in the psychological responses of size fitness and comfortableness. In size fitness, Type B was responded to be fitting, Type A little small, and Type C rather big. Moisture had similar changes according to three shoe sizes, but humid was the response as time went. Comfortableness appeared in the order of Type C > Type B > Type A.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Recently, research on variables associated with hair styles are increasing with the spreading of total coordinated intention in the fields of clothing and cosmetology. In the present study, we focused on examining the skin temperature on the scalp(the vertex, temporal, and occiput), humidity on the occiput, skin temperatures (the forehead, back of ear, back of neck, upper back, abdomen, forearm, hand, thigh, calf, and foot), rectal temperature, total body mass loss by hair styles in a thermal neutral environment. Four young females participated as subjects. For a certain period, each subject had the five different hair styles in a random order: (1)Straight short hair(SS), (2)Perm waved short hair(PS), (3) Straight long hair(SL), (4)Perm waved long hair(PL), (5)Ponytail style(PT). Subjects wore briefs, bra, shirts with long sleeves, long legged training pants, and socks. The environmental variables of a climatic chamber were kept constant at $21{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ of air temperature and 55${\pm}$5%RH of air humidity. The results indicated the following: The skin temperature and humidity on the scalp did not show any significant differences among five different hair styles, but straight long hair style(SL)was the highest on the vertex, temporal, and occiput. The temporal skin temperature($29.8\sim30.8^{\circ}C$) was the highest, while the vertex skin temperature($28.7\sim30.1^{\circ}C$) was the lowest. Humidity on the occiput was the highest in the perm waved long hair style(PL). The back of ear skin temperature was significantly lower in the ponytail style(PT) than in the other four hair styles(p<.001). In the straight long hair style(SL), the skin temperature on the back of the neck and on the upper back were significantly higher than those of the other four hair styles(p<.01). Mean skin temperature and rectal temperature had no significant differences among hair styles. Total body mass was the highest in the perm waved long hair style(PL)(p<.05). We acquired fundamental data to enable the improvement of the current hair clinic system, wigs, functional hats, and helmets.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.24
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• pp.169-184
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• 2003

Yearly mean temperature and relative-humidity of the Seokguram Grotto was measured $19~23^{\circ}C$, 40~44% from May, 1998 to December,2002. The measurement has little differences comparing to the optimum guideline (temperature : $20^{\circ}\pm2^{\circ}C$, relative-humidity : $50^{\circ}\pm5%$). It is necessary to increase humidity in the Seokguram Grotto during winter because of heating and decrease the temperature during summer because of a higher temperature of outside. In addition, the diurnal range keep in $4^{\circ}C$ of temperature and in 10% of relative-humidity. Yearly mean concentration of $CO_2$(carbon dioxide) was measured538~658ppm that is higher than concentration of normal atmosphere(360 ppm). The $CO_2$ has an cumulative effect on the surface of stone cultural properties as a form of carbonic acid($H_2CO_3$) after reaction with water. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system should be operated to maintain ideal state for the preservation according to the optimum guideline. Also, the entrance into the Seokguram Grotto should be controlled to prevent a sudden fluctuation of humidity and temperature. Human could carry small particles like a microdust, microbe, etc., into the Seokguram Grotto and also could damage the surface by a direct touch.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1985

In the experiment with a basic material for the design of summer wear that comfort can be obtained in temperature, to get individual differences, clothing styles (slacks, skirt), material differences(T/C, cotton), and the contrast between when naked and dressed, when two healthy females were dressed four kinds of summer wear as an object of experiment under the regular warm temperature environmental condition (24, 28, 32, $36^{\circ}C$, $60\pm10\%$ RH), the measurement of physiological, phychological change was taken and the result goes as follow; 1. Mean skin temperature rose by clothing, body weight loss decreased below $32^{\circ}C$, thermal sensation changed toward low temperature by $2\~3^{\circ}C$. 2. Mean skin temperature, body weight loss, the lowest blood pressure above $32^{\circ}C$, under-clothing temperature, and thermal sensation increased when in slacks to be compared with when in skirt. 3. Ambient temperature had a great effect on mean skin temperature, body weight loss, respiration, clothing surface temperature, under-clothing temperature and humidity, thermal sensation, etc. 4. It was admitted that pulse, thermal sensation, comfort show different individuality. 5. It was recognized that the lowest blood pressure, clothing surface temperature, under. clothing humidity differ according to the kinds of clothing. 6. A comfortable ambient temperature in clothing summer wear was about $27\~28^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2016

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of air-circulation fans on air temperature and relative humidity in a single-span tomato greenhouse (W: 7m, L: 25m, H: 3.2m). According to standard of fan layout by ASAE (1997), a total of 10 fans were bilaterally arranged in 2 rows in the experimental greenhouse. The distributions of air temperature and relative humidity were measured from 6 pm to 8 am under different conditions, with and without fans. The measurement heights were 0.7m, 1.7m and 2.7m. Under the condition of "fans off", the spatial differences of air temperature and relative humidity between upper and lower sides were $1.7^{\circ}C$ and 10.8%, respectively. The operation of 10 fans showed their differences to $0.1^{\circ}C$ and 3.2%. The number of fans and installation direction were evaluated their performance on reducing the spatial variation of air temperature and relative humidity. The experimental layouts were 5 and fans in 2 rows (bilaterally) and 10 fans in the one (same) direction. Under the condition of "6 fans on" and "5 fans on", the spatial differences of air temperature and relative humidity between upper and lower side were $0.3^{\circ}C$, 3.4% and $0.3^{\circ}C$ and 4.0%. The operation of 10 fans in the one direction reduced their differences to $0.5^{\circ}C$ and 4.9%. The overall findings of this study showed that there was no significant differences under each condition. Therefore, this study suggested that it is more economic and effective to install five fans in 2 rows (bilaterally) in the greenhouse (W: 7m, L: 25m, H: 3.2m).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.607-616
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• 2002

This study has been conducted to evaluate the applicability of the control method in the dehumidification-integrated radiant floor cooling system in terms of stability of the room air temperature and the control variables through experiments. To do this, the relationship between the control variables in preventing floor surface condensation is first analyzed and the control method is predetermined through simulations. The results are as follows. First, it is necessary to determine the operation status of the dehumidification system according to the relationship between floor surface temperature and dew point temperature in the conditioned space. Second, outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control is better than on/off bang-bang control with respect to temperature stability in controlling the room air temperature and the possibility of energy savings. Finally, the humidity sensor can be located with the current thermostat in that there are small differences in absolute humidity in vertical distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.200-211
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• 1995

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of temperature and humidity on the sampling efficiency of mixed organic vapors of l,2-DCE, benzene, and MIBK by 3 different types of diffusion monitors. Independent variables used for the study were temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$), humidities (30%, 80%), and vapor concentrations (low, medium, and high). In addition, vapor concentrations measured by the traditional charcoal tube method were used as reference values and were compared with those of by diffusion monitors. The results were as follows: 1. The desorption efficiencies(DE) of 1,2-DCE and benzene from charcoal tubes and from diffusion monitors ranged from 98% to 105%. In contrast, the DEs of MIBK from charcoal tubes and diffusion monitors except DM1 ranged from 71% to 85%. The DE of MIBK from DM1 was 98%. 2. No statistically significant differences of 1,2-DCE concentrations and the sampling efficiencies regardless of temperatures and humidities studied between charcoal tube and 3 diffusion monitors were found. 3. At 80% humidity, increasing frequencies of 1,2-DCE breakthrough at higher temperature and higher vapor concentration measured by charcoal tubes were observed. 4. No statistically significant difference of benzene concentrations were found between charcoal tube and diffusion monitors except DM3. The sampling efficiencies of DM3 were statistically significantly lower at all experimental conditions except the $35^{\circ}C$ and 30% humidity condition. 5. No statistically significant difference of MIBK concentrations were found between charcoal tube and diffusion monitors except DM3. The sampling efficiencies of DM3 were statistically significantly higher at higher humidity conditions regardless of temperature. Although statistically not significant, sampling efficiency of MIBK showed positive correlation with humidity while negative correlation with concentration was observed. 6. For sampling 1,2-DCE and benzene, no significant variations of concentrations among three diffusion monitors regardless of temperature and humidity conditions were found. For MIBK sampling, however, wide variations with increasing humidity among diffusion monitors were obtained. In conclusion, this study suggests that diffusion monitors will be a reasonables substitute for the traditional charcoal tubes for sampling non-polar organic vapors at temperature and humidity conditions studied. For polar organic vapors, use of an alternative desorption solution other than CS2 is recommended because of its low desorption efficiency. In addition, since variable among diffusion monitors for polar organic vapors particularly at higher humidity conditions were observed, further study is recommended of the effects of humidity on the performance of diffusion monitors.