• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.27-34
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• 2001

The concept of homogeneous space which was made in during the modern architecture was criticize for making our circumstances uniformly. The difference of place disappeared. The concept of place, however, has been watching in Contemporary Architecture. A basis for the concept of place is 'movement in space'through the sense of the body. Thus, architectural methods for experiencing place are composing the sequence through the continuous time. It is important that the composition of sequences in place makes the spatial experiences with harmonies of architecture and environments in exterior space for people who enter the building. Tadao Ando makes place in terms of experiencing body. Compositions of sequence in his works are expressed very well at the approaching stages in the process of exterior space. This stud is to survey the compositions of approaching sequence in Tadao Ando's Works.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.4080-4092
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• 2021

In this study, the performance of sequence tracking methods for multiple interaction events in specific CdZnTe Compton imagers was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The Compton imager consisted of a 6 × 6 array of virtual Frisch-grid CZT crystals, where the dimensions of each crystal were 5 × 5 × 12 mm³. The sequence tracking methods for another Compton imager that consists of two identical CZT crystals arrays were also evaluated. When 662 keV radiation was incident on the detectors, the percentages of the correct sequences determined by the simple comparison and deterministic methods for two sequential interactions were identical (~80%), while those evaluated using the minimum squared difference method (55-59%) and Three Compton method (45-55%) for three sequential interactions, differed from each other. The reconstructed images of a 662 keV point source detected using single and double arrays were evaluated based on their angular resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, and the results showed that the double arrays outperformed single arrays.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.38-43
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• 1996

Windowing routines have as their purpose the reduction of the sidelobes of a spectral output of the FFT or DFT routines. Windowing routines accomplish this by forcing the beginning and end of any sequence to approach each other in value. Since they must work with any sequence they force the beginning and ending samples near zero. To make up for this reduction in power, windowing routines give extra weight to the values near the middle of the sequence. The difference between windows is the way in which they transition from the low weights near the edges to the higher weights neqr the middle of the sequence. Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) can be determined by the ratio of the output noisy signal variance to the input noisy signal variance of a window. Standard deviation of noise is reduced by windowing. Thus, the windowing operation improved the SNR of the noisy signal. This paper shows a performance estimation of windowing on a single tone with added Gaussian noise and uniform noise.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.2357-2363
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• 1997

In this paepr, we show that the length of the test sequence can be reduced using non-minimal multiple UIO instead of minimal multiple UIO. Our test sequence generation method starts from the observation that Shen's approach cannot optimize the length of the test sequence whtn the difference between the number of incoming edge and that of outgoing edge is large. Usig the property, we propse a more efficient method to generate a UIO-based test sequence in terms of the length, and compares our method with other existing methods in terms of execution time for comformancetesting and time for generation of test sequence.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2201-2216
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• 2015

Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main imperfections in the broadband communication systems with multiple carriers. In this paper, a new crest factor reduction (CFR) scheme based on interleaved phase sequence called Dummy Sequence Insertion Enhanced Partial Transmit Sequence (DSI-EPTS) is proposed which effectively reduces the PAPR while at the same time keeps the total complexity low. Moreover, the prototype of the proposed scheme in field programmable gate array (FPGA) is demonstrated. In DSI-EPTS scheme, a new matrix of phase sequence is defined which leads to a significant reduction in hardware complexity due to its less searching operation to extract the optimum phase sequence. The obtained results show comparable performance with slight difference due to the FPGA constraints. The results show 5 dB reduction in PAPR by applying the DSI-EPTS scheme with low complexity and low power consumption.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 1998

An isolate of barley yellow mosaic virus(BaYMV-HN) obtained from Haenam, Korea was compared with two BaYMV strains. BaYMV-Ⅱ-1 from Japan and BaYMV-G from Germany. The sequence of the 3'-terminal 3817nucleotides[excluding the poly (A) tail] of RNA 1 of BaYMV-HN was determined to start within a long open reading frame coding for a part of the NIa-VPg polymerase(26 amino acids). NIa-Pro polymerase (343 amino acids), NIb polymerase(528 amino acids) and the entire capsid protein(297 amino acids), which is followed by a noncoding region(NCR) of 235 nucelotides. In the partial ORFs, BaYMV-HN shows higher sequence homology with BaYMV-Ⅱ-1(99.5%) than BaYMV-G(92.7%). The 3' non-coding regions of BaYMV-HN(235nt) shows higher nucleotide sequence homology with BaYMV-G(235nt)(99.6%) than BaYMV-Ⅱ-1(231nt)(97.0%). The 3' NIa-Pro protein sequence of BaYMV-HN shows higher amino acid sequence homology with BaYMV-Ⅱ-1(95.0%) than BaYMV-G(93.6%), but, NIb protein sequence of BaYMV-HN shows same all amino acid sequence. The capsid protein sequence of BaYMV-HN(297aa) shows same with BaYMV-Ⅱ-1, and shows higher nucleotide sequence homology with BaYMV-UK (from United Kingdom)(97.3%) than BaYMV-G(96.9%) and G2(96.9%). Difference of capsid protein amino acid were 0-9 between the Japan, United Kingdom and Germany and were 2-6 between all Korean isolates. Many of the amino acid differences are located in the N-terminal regions of the capsid proteins from 1 to 74 amino acid positions.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.51-62
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• 2015

Of recent interests on high capacity DNA storage, DNA watermarking for DNA copyright protection, and DNA steganography for DNA secret communication are augmented, the reversible DNA watermarking is much needed both to embed the watermark without changing the functionality of organism and to perfectly recover the host DNA sequence. In this paper, we address two ways of DE based reversible DNA watermarking using noncoding DNA sequence. The reversible DNA watermarking should consider the string structure of a DNA sequence, the organism functionality, the perfect recovery, and the high embedding capacity. We convert the string sequence of four characters in noncoding region to the decimal coded values and embed the watermark bit into coded values by two ways; DE based multiple bits embedding (DE-MBE) using pairs of neighbor coded values and consecutive DE-MBE (C-DE-MBE). Two ways process the comparison searching to prevent the false start codon that produces false coding region. Experimental results verified that our ways have more high embedding capacity than conventional methods and produce no false start codon and recover perfectly the host sequence without the reference sequence. Especially C-DE-MBE can embed more high two times than DE-MBE.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1174-1177
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• 2006

A bottom contact organic thin film transistor (OTFT) is fabricated with an organic double-layered gate insulator (GI) and pentacene. The PMMA and MNB layers are treated on gate insulator and source/drain (S/D, Au) before depositing pentacene to investigate device properties and pentacene growth. The sequence of surface treatment affects a device performance seriously. The ultra-thin PMMA (below 50A) was deposited on organic gate insulator and S/D metal by spin coating method, which showed no deterioration of on-state current (Ion) although bottom contact structure was exploited. We proposed that the reason of no contact resistance (Rc) increase may be due to a wettability difference in between PMMA / Au and PMMA / organic GI. As a result, the device treated by $PMMA\;{\rightarrow}\;MNB$ showed much better Ion behavior than those fabricated by $MNB\;{\rightarrow}\;PMMA$. We will report the important physical and electrical performance difference associated with surface treatment sequence.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.83-95
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• 2008

This study was firstly to reflect upon the background of the generation and the urban spatial value and significance of the medieval plaza. The main aim of this study was to extract the spatial determinants which give the great influence on the formation of the medieval plaza and in addition the endogenous rules and aesthetical grounds regarding the respective elements. Especially they could be applied to the design guideline. They are dimension(volume and scale), shape, elevation as the morphological elements and enclosure, proportion, grade difference, spatial sequence and plaza group as the spatial determinants and visual sequence, visual or spatial boundary, approaching axis and perspective effect as the aesthetic and visual elements and function(use), human behaviour as the social-behavioral elements and otherwise, for instance, plaza furniture, ground decoration and vegetation. This study was intended to analyze each elements based on the classical historical literatures and to suggest the planning conditions for composing the ideal plaza referring to the cases and literature review on the medieval plaza and finally is expected to contribute to the plaza design methodology.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

T1-, and T2-weighted imagings and FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) imaging are fundamental imaging methods in the brain. T1-weighted imaging is a spin-echo sequence with short TR and short TE and produces the tissue contrast by different T1 relaxation times. In other words, short TR maximizes the difference of the longituidinal magnetization recovery between the tissues. T2-weighted imaging is a spin-echo sequence with long TR and long TE and produces the tissue contrast by different T2 relaxation times. Long TE maximizes the difference of the transverse magnetization decay between the tissues. FLAIR is an inversion recovery sequence using 180 degree inversion pulse. 2500 msec of inversion time is applied to suppress the CSF signal.