• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide a vitamin $B_{12}$ database for the representative Korean food items and to assess the dietary intake assessment of vitamin $B_{12}$ for Koreans. The vitamin $B_{12}$ content of 106 foods had been determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using column switching method. Rich sources of vitamin $B_{12}$ were meats, milk, and egg ($0.3-3.4\;{\mu}g/100g$). Vegetables and fruits contained vitamin $B_{12}$ below limit of detection (LOD). The major food sources for vitamin $B_{12}$ intake were milk (72.0%), meats (22.3%), egg (3.6%), and fishes & shellfishes (2.1%). Mean vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of Koreans was $3.16\;{\mu}g$/person/day. The proportion of population with intake below estimate average requirement (EAR) and above recommended intake (RI) of vitamin $B_{12}$ was 60.7 and 36.5%, respectively. The vitamin $B_{12}$ intake level of young children with 1-2 years which was 834.6% of RI while the intake level of the older adults 50 years and older was only 70.0% of RI. Also, there were regional differences between urban and rural area. The population with intake below RI was larger than that with intake above RI in Korea.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Safety of reclaimed wastewater irrigation needs to be evaluated to promote public health. Quantitative microbial and toxic risk assessment was conducted to identify the level of risk for farmland workers who use reclaimed wastewater and groundwater in Jeju island. Microbial risk through inhalation and ingestion exposure was below acceptable level (less than $10^{-3}$) of $7.07{\times}10^{-6}$ for reclaimed wastewater and $9.99{\times}10^{-8}$ for groundwater irrigation worker. Aggregate exposure risk of Ni, As and Cu was most contributable to overall risk in both reclaimed wastewater and groundwater irrigation plot. High cumulative exposure risk was estimated through non-dietary soil ingestion and dermal contact of soil, due to the high concentration of As, Cu and Ni in farmland soil. Overall toxic risk was $2.68{\times}10^{-4}$ for reclaimed water and $2.39{\times}10^{-4}$ for groundwater irrigation, which could not meet acceptable toxic risk level of $10^{-6}$. Further efforts, such as provide personal protective equipments or public health education, need to be implicated to reduce adverse health risk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.234-245
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• 2009

Nutritional assessment for the elderly can identify health status and morbidity. However, development of Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) remains limited for elderly because of difficulties in understanding physiological mechanism of elderly. This study was performed to analyze and develop Nutritional Risk Index for Korean elderly Women (Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, GNRI). Based on literature review, factors for NRI were identified and indices were assessed by a cross-sectional survey. The survey involved Korean elderly women (${\geq}$60, n = 94) in Gwangju area, and sociodemographics, lifestyle characteristics, health conditions, dietary intakes based on 24h- recall, anthropometric measures (wt, ht, BMI, waist, hip, WHR, body protein, body fat, abdominal fat, and triceps skinfold thickness), and clinical biochemistry parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, HbAlc, ferritin, Zn, Ca, Na, K, Vit E, Vit $B_{12}$, folate, C-reactive protein) were examined relation to nutritional risk index. Based on literature review and data analyses, three NRIs were categorized (NRI I, NRI II, NRI III) and used for further analysis. NRI I was related to having metabolic syndrome, NRI II was related to serum albumin and body weight, and NRI III was related to food habit and health concerns. Abdominal fat (%) of elderly was correlated with each NRIs. NRI II was correlated with nutritional deficiency and higher tendency of inflammatory response, and NRI III was correlated with nutritional status which tend to be lower on aging (protein, folate, Vit $B_{12}$). NRI can serve as a useful tools in assessing health risk and nutritional status. Some modification of items in NRI and validity study are need to apply to Korean elderly.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2021

식품의 제조, 가공, 조리 및 저장 중 많은 유해물질이 발생하며 이들은 소량이지만 장기간 노출되면 식품안전에 위협이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 식품의약품안전처에서 수행한 총 식이조사(TDS) 자료를 기반으로 우리나라에서 식품섭취를 통한 이들 주요 유해물질에 대한 노출 및 위해평가 상황을 파악하고 소비자 및 기업으로 하여금 관련 위험을 저감하는 방안을 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 식품의 제조, 가공, 조리 및 저장 중 생성 유해물질 중 대표적인 아크릴아미드, 퓨란, 에틸 카바메이트, 3-MCPD, 바이오제닉 아민류, 니트로아민류 화합물, 다환 방향족화합물, 벤젠 등에 대한 식이를 통한 노출량을 조사하고 위해평가를 수행한 바, 아크릴아미드 및 퓨란의 경우 노출안전역(MOE) 10,000이하로 저감화 우선 물질로 판단되며, 나머지 물질 등의 경우 모두 노출안전역이 10,000 또는 100,000 이상으로 안전한 수준에 있는 것으로 나타났음. 그러나 향후 지속적으로 모니터링을 수행하고 ALARA 원칙에 따라 가능한 노출 저감화를 위해 노력을 기울여야한다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association of dietary intake levels with ante-natal depression among pregnant women. Methods: Secondary data analysis was done using Can Pro software (version 3.0) to evaluate the diet intake levels with 24 hour recall diary method with 130 pregnant women visiting a general hospital. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and adjusted logistic regression using the SPSS/WIN program. Results: Whole dietary intake levels of pregnant women were insufficient according to Recommended Nutrient Intake (RI) with the except of phosphorus intake. There were significant differences in RI by gestation period and high risk pregnancies. Non-depressed women showed more intake in niacin (z=1.33, p=.018) and zinc (t=3.99, p=.048) than depressed women did. Niacin was a significant determinant of ante-natal depression (Exp (B)=5.88, p=.47, 95% CI [1.02~23.83]). Conclusion: Dietary intake assessment would be necessary during pregnancies for the screening of ante-natal depression. For ante-natal depression care, a tailored dietary intervention should be applied for women with insufficient nutrient intake.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2016

Cheonsu Bay, one of the most important in Korea as a coastal fishery is a semi-enclosed bay that is surrounded by large farmlands and industrial areas. This coastal environment has been affected by anthropogenic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of PCBs and OCPs in sediment, Manila clams, and mussels from Cheonsu Bay; the accumulation pattern of these chemicals in these bivalves in relation to seasonal changes; and the ecological risk from sediments and the risk to the Korean population from the consumption of these bivalves. The levels of ${\Sigma}PCBs$, ${\Sigma}DDT$, and ${\Sigma}HCHs$ were 69.3-109, 40.3-49.3 and 6.25-17.8 ng/g lipid in Manila clams, and 70.6-159, 38.6-102 and 9.00-13.5 ng/g lipid in Mussels. Significant seasonal variations in PCBs and OCPs concentrations were observed in the two bivalves, suggesting that the accumulation of PCBs and OCPs in these species is related to their spawning times. The dietary intake of these two bivalves and the resulting lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and non-cancer risk were calculated for the human population. The consumption of these bivalves seemed to be safe in relation to human health with negligible LCR and non-cancer risk.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.666-672
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 버섯류의 중금속 함량 실태조사를 통해 우리나라 국민이 식품으로써 버섯을 섭취할 경우 중금속 노출수준에 따른 위해성을 평가하였다. 버섯류의 중금속 함량 실태조사를 위해 국내 유통 중인 버섯류 17개 품목, 536건을 수거하였으며 버섯류 중 납 함량을 조사한 결과, 생물버섯은 평균 0.005(큰 느타리)-0.026(송이) mg/kg이었고 건조버섯은 평균 0.014(느타리)-16.411(석이) mg/kg이었다. 카드뮴 함량은 생물버섯의 경우 평균 0.002(팽이)-0.205(노루궁뎅이) mg/kg이었고 건조버섯은 평균 0.021(동충하초)-2.650(신령) mg/kg이었다. 따라서, 국내 유통 중인 버섯류의 중금속 함량은 타 문헌과 유사하거나 낮은 수준이었다. 노출 및 위해성 평가를 위해 버섯별 섭취를 통한 중금속 노출량을 산출한 후, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA)에서 설정한 PTWI 또는 PTMI값 대비 위해도를 평가하였다. 버섯 섭취로 인한 전체국민의 평균 납 노출량은 $0.053{\mu}g/day$으로 PTWI 대비 0.03% 수준이었으며, 카드뮴 평균 노출량은 $0.168{\mu}g/day$으로 PTMI 대비 0.37% 수준이었다. 따라서, 국내 유통되는 버섯을 식품으로써 섭취할 경우 전체국민의 중금속 평균노출수준은 JECFA의 인체노출안전기준보다 낮은 위해도를 보임으로써, 우리나라 국민은 버섯에 존재하는 중금속의 위해성으로부터 안전한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.87-94
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• 2006

Genetically modified (CM) crops with agricultural traits including herbicide resistance and insect tolerance have been commercialized. The safety testing strategies conducted for food and feed ingredients from GM crops differ from those applied to food ingredients in that they are conducted to demonstrate similarity between the CM food and the appropriate non-CM comparator rather than for quantitative risk assessment. However, there are similarities in the design and conduct of the safety assessment studies between these types of studies that should be readily recognized by toxicologists. The current presentation reviews some of the basic principles of safety assessment of typical dietary ingredients and compares and contrasts them with the testing strategies applied to CM foods and products obtained from them.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2001

This investigation studied the relationship between Body Mass Index(BMI) and dietary intake, levels of serum lipid, lipoprotein(a) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) of 28.449 Korean adults(16.937 men, 11.542 women) from 1995 to 1999. The dietary assessment was conducted using 24-hour dietary records and food frequency questionnaires. During this five year study, the BMI normal-weight group, as a percentage of the annual test population, decreased from 68.0% to 60.2%, while the BMI overweight and obese groups collectively increased from 25.0% to 29.7%. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), Triacylglycerol(TG) and PAI-1 increased as the values of BMI increased, while the levels of HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) and lipoprotein(a)(men only) appeared to decrease as values of BMI increased. The levels of daily energy intake also increased as values of BMI increased in both men and women. The obese group had significantly higher levels of carbohydrate, protein, fat(men only), and cholesterol intake than those of the normal-weight, underweight, and overweight groups. In men, BMI positively correlated with the levels of macronutrients and cholesterol intake(p＜0.001), % energy of protein, fat, and alcohol intake(p＜0.001), and the levels of serum TC, LDL-C, TG and PAI-1(p＜0.001), while BMI negatively correlated with % energy of carbohydrate intake, and the levels of Lp(a) and HDL-C(p＜0.001). In women, BMI negatively correlated with level of cholesterol(p＜0.01), fat(p＜0.001), alcohol intake(p＜0.05),% energy of fat (p＜0.001), % energy of alcohol intake and level of and HDL-C(p＜0.001). Subjects who had serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels greater than the standard reference values(TC＞240mg/㎗, LDL-C＞130mg/㎗, HDL-C＞35, TG＞200mg/㎗) exhibited a higher intake of the three macronutrients, iron, calcium, meat, milk and fatty foods than those subjects who had serum lipid concentrations less-than-or-equal-to the standard reference values. Overall, there was positive correlation between the high risk factors of vascular disease variables, dietary intake, and BMI. Prevalence of hypertension and high blood sugar were increased as BMI increased, but the prevalence of hypertension is decreased as the year goes by. These findings showed that dietary intake, level of serum lipids and other vascular disease risk factors increased as BIM increased. Therefore, middle or upper class Korean adults who have high BMI should improve their eating habits. This involve reducing alcohol, animal fat, high carbohydrate foods, and overall food intake, and balancing intake in order to lower vascular disease risk factors, including obesity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권sup1호
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• pp.89-112
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• 2022

An accurate assessment of the recommended calcium (Ca) intake may contribute to reducing the risk of fractures and chronic diseases, ultimately improving quality of life. This review was performed to summarize key findings of Ca studies, investigate the effect of Ca intake on health outcomes, and determine the adequacy of evidence to revise the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) for Ca in 2020. Databases were searched for intervention studies that assessed health outcomes by providing Ca in diets or as supplements. The framework of the systematic review comprised conducting literature searches, data extraction, quality assessment of the literature, and summarizing key findings relevant to set the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for Ca for the 2020 KDRI. The final search was performed in June 2019. A total of 13,309 studies were identified through databases and manual search. Sixtyfive studies were included in the final quality assessment and were summarized according to health indicators. As bone health was used as an indicator of the EAR for Ca, literature reports on bone health were further categorized by the life-cycle stage of the participants. This systematic review did not find new evidence that could be applied to the general Korean adult population, including postmenopausal women, for defining a new EAR for Ca in the 2020 KDRIs. Evidence in most of the reviewed literature was considered weak; however, some evidence was found that could improve the criteria on how the EAR for Ca was determined in children and adolescents. A review of the literature for the 2020 KDRIs for Ca did not find strong evidence in order to change the recommended values of the 2015 KDRIs. More clinical interventions are required among Koreans to strengthen the body of evidence to warrant the revision of the KDRIs.