• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between dietary patterns and depression has been reported but the results have been inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depression in middle-aged Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were selected from a community-based cohort, a subset of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and those with a BDI score ${\geq}16$ were defined as having depression. The subjects' food intakes over the year preceding the survey were estimated by using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of dietary pattern with depression. RESULTS: Among 3,388 participants, 448 (13.2%) were identified as having depression. We identified two major dietary patterns: 'Healthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish and fruits and a low intake of white rice. 'Unhealthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread and coffee and a low intake of rice with other grains. Compared with subjects in the lowest quartiles, those in the highest quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82, P for trend = 0.0037) after adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, the unhealthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.19-2.28, P for trend = 0.0021). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that a healthy dietary pattern (rich in vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish, and fruits) is associated with low risk of depression. Whereas an unhealthy dietary pattern (rich in white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread, and coffee) is associated with a high risk of depression in middle-aged Korean adults.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1048-1058
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was to investigate the extraction conditions of dietary fiber from dried cassava pulp (DCP) and cassava distiller's dried grains (CDG) under different NaOH concentrations, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to determine the dietary fiber components. Methods: The dried samples (DCP and CDG) were treated with various concentrations of NaOH at levels of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% using a completely randomized design with 4 replications of each. After extraction, the residual DCP and CDG dietary fiber were dried in a hot air oven at 55℃ to 60℃. Finally, the oven dried extracted dietary fiber was powdered to a particle size of 1 mm. Both extracted dietary fibers were analyzed for their chemical composition and determined by FTIR. Results: The DCP and CDG treated with NaOH linearly or quadratically or cubically (p<0.05) increased the total dietary fiber (TDF) and insoluble fiber (IDF). The optimal conditions for extracting dietary fiber from DCP and CDG were under treatment with 6% and 4% NaOH, respectively, as these conditions yielded the highest TDF and IDF contents. These results were associated with the FTIR spectra integration for a semi-quantitative analysis, which obtained the highest cellulose content in dietary fiber extracted from DCP and CDG with 6% and 4% NaOH solution, respectively. The principal component analysis illustrated clear separation of spectral distribution in cassava pulp extracted dietary fiber (DFCP) and cassava distiller's dried grains extracted dietary fiber (DFCDG) when treated with 6% and 4% NaOH, respectively. Conclusion: The optimal conditions for the extraction of dietary fiber from DCP and CDG were treatment with 6% and 4% NaOH solution, respectively. In addition, FTIR spectroscopy proved itself to be a powerful tool for fiber identification.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.616-627
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin E is essential for health, and although vitamin E deficiency seems rare in humans, studies on estimates of dietary intake are lacking. This study aimed to estimate dietary vitamin E intake, evaluate dietary adequacy of vitamin E, and detail major food sources of vitamin E in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2019. Individuals aged ≥ 1 year that participated in a nutrition survey (n = 28,418) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and individual dietary vitamin E intake was estimated using a newly established vitamin E database. Dietary adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with adequate intake (AI) as defined by Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS: For all study subjects, mean daily total vitamin E intake was 7.00 mg α-tocopherol equivalents, which was 61.6% of AI. The proportion of individuals that consumed vitamin E at above the AI was 12.9%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, older individuals, rural residents, and those with a low income. Mean daily intakes of tocopherol (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-forms) and tocotrienol were 6.02, 0.30, 6.19, 1.63, and 1.61 mg, respectively. The major food groups that contributed to total dietary vitamin E intake were grains (22.3%), seasonings (17.0%), vegetables (15.3%), and fish, and shellfish (7.4%). The top 5 individual food items that contributed to total vitamin E intake were baechu kimchi, red pepper powder, eggs, soybean oil, and rice. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that mean dietary vitamin E intake by Koreans did not meet the reference adequate intake value. To better understand the status of vitamin E intake, further research is needed that considers intake from dietary supplements.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

A feeding trial of four dietary protein levels (20, 30, 40, and 50%) and two lipid levels (7 and 14%) with a factorial design was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile Israeli carp Cyprinus carpio. Triplicate groups of fish (average body weight, $1.3{\pm}0.02g$) were fed the experimental diets for 9 weeks. Survival of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Weight gain and feed efficiency increased as dietary protein levels increased up to 40 and 50%, respectively. Weight gain was higher in fish fed the high-lipid diets with 20 and 40% protein content. Feeding efficiency increased as the dietary lipid level increased for the 30, 40, and 50% protein diets. Daily feed intake decreased with increasing protein level and the minimum feed consumption was observed in fish fed the 50% protein diet with 14% lipid content. Moisture and lipid contents of the whole body were affected by both dietary protein and lipid levels. The crude lipid content of fish fed the 14% lipid diet was higher than that of fish fed the 7% lipid diet at each protein level. The results of this study indicate that a diet containing 40% protein with 14% lipid content is optimal for the growth and effective protein utilization of juvenile Israeli carp.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This research was conducted to compare lecture- and experience-based methods of nutritional education as well as provide fundamental data for developing an effective nutritional education program in elementary schools. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 110 students in three elementary schools in Jeollanam-do were recruited and randomly distributed in lecture- and experience-based groups. The effects of education on students' dietary knowledge, dietary behaviors, and dietary habits were analyzed using a pre/post-test. RESULTS: Lecture- and experience-based methods did not significantly alter total scores for dietary knowledge in any group, although lecture-based method led to improvement for some detailed questions. In the experience-based group, subjects showed significant alteration of dietary behaviors, whereas lecture-based method showed alteration of dietary habits. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that lecture- and experience-based methods led to differential improvement of students' dietary habits, behaviors, and knowledge. To obtain better nutritional education results, both lectures and experiential activities need to be considered.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.112-125
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• 2020

Objectives: Diet and incidence of chronic diseases are highly related. This study examined the characteristics of dietary safety awareness and competency for chronic disease prevention among adults. Methods: Data were collected from 247 adults in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas using a self-administered questionnaire in May and June of 2018. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, χ²-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variances, and correlation. Results: The results of the factor analysis indicate that dietary safety awareness of health management was classified into chronic disease anxiety and obsession. Awareness of dietary safety management was sub-grouped into difficulty in acquiring knowledge, lack of awareness of over and malnutrition, food safety anxiety, importance of weight management, education requirement for cancer prevention, and knowledge. Dietary safety behavior composed of a balanced diet, unhealthy diet, and health-functional pursuit. Dietary safety management competency was comprised of health management, food management, and cooking. The competency scores of dietary safety management factors were significantly different according to sex, age, and education level (P < 0.05). Balanced diet factor was significantly correlated with knowledge, health-functional pursuit, health management, food management, and cooking capacity factors (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Active education for dietary safety management competency according to age, gender, and education level should provide dietary safety education to reduce anxiety and obsession regarding chronic diseases and sustainable health management.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.381-391
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of housewives' dietary awareness and habits on the reduction and recycling of food waste products. We have done statistical analyses of 501 questionnaires answered by housewives living in Taegu city. The results are as follows: The dietary awareness is significantly different according to the housewives' ages. The group of above 50's age and the group of housewives and their husbands with a lower education level have a more traditional awareness and eating up habits. Also the younger group, and those with a higher education level who grew up in a big city have a more progressive dietary awareness. But the younger, higher income, small family, higher education level groups, and also employed housewives, produced more food waste products than the other groups, The groups thsose have traditional or rational awareness concerning dietary awareness, and those with good eating up and accurate cooking habits turned out to have more affirmative effects on the reduction and recycling of food waste products.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2003

With globalization taking place at a rapid speed, more and more people move from one place to another and more people with diverse cultural backgrounds are now living together than ever before. As a result, more people go through the process of acculturation. Dietary acculturation, a part of overall acculturation, is a series of changes that occur in food and nutrient consumption and dietary behaviors. This paper examined dietary acculturation in Korean Americans through a critical literature review. The current diet quality of Korean Americans is fair, and the areas in need of improvement include sodium, calcium, and fiber intakes. Korean Americans had different diet profiles by acculturation status； however, whether dietary acculturation leads to a lower diet quality is not conclusive at this time. This paper also suggests areas that warrant consideration in future research： 1) acculturation measures, 2) dietary measures, 3) possible factors affecting dietary acculturation, 4) health consequences of dietary acculturation, and 5) study design issues. Studying dietary acculturation among immigrants and their offspring is important because it will provide useful insights for designing health and nutrition interventions in both original and new countries. Quality research in dietary acculturation requires collaborations among researchers from different nations because it deals with diverse cultures.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.333-341
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• 1992

The physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics of 'BACKSULGIES', which was added with potato peel, guar gum or polydextrose, were investigated. The maximum acceptable addition ratio of dietary fiber to 'BACKSULGI' was 10%. And optimal addition ratio was 3% for all samples. The water binding capacity was affected by dietary fiber sources and incubation conditions (temperature and time). The Guar gum had me highest value of water binding capacity. The solubility was highly related with water binding capacity and me swelling power was increased with temperature increment. The degree of gelatinization was not significantly different with dietary fiber sources. But me values of gelatinization of 'BACKSULGIES' added with dietary fibers were significantly higher than mose of 'BACKSULGI' with no dietary fiber. Generally hardness and brittleness incresed along with storage time. But me hardness of 'BACKSULGIES' added with dietary fibers was significantly lower man those of 'BACKSULGI' with no dietary fiber. The retardation effect of dietary fibers for retrogradation of 'BACKSULGIES' was also proved by time constant determination of Avrami equation. Sernsory evaluation revealed that me addition of dietary fibers did not reduce the organoreptic quality. Therefore potato peel 3%, guar gum 3%, polydextrose 3% were optimum addition ratio which could be accepted as conventional 'BACKSULGI'. As me results of this study, it was proved mat the additions of dietary fibers to 'BACKSULGI' had the retardation effect of retrogradation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.689-698
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the diversity of food intake and nutrient intake among Korean college students participating in a nutrition education class via the internet. The subjects were 796 college students throughout South Korea (278 males, 518 females). A 3 days dietary recall survey was conducted and results were analyzed using the Computer-aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Dietary variety was assessed by DDS (dietary diversity score), MBS (meal balance score), and DVS (dietary variety score). Dietary quality was assessed by NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio), and MAR (mean adequacy ratio). As the DDS, MBS and DVS increased, the NAR and MAR improved. The subjects with a DDS of above 4 or a MBS of above 10 or a DVS of above 11 met two-thirds of the Korean recommended dietary allowance for most nutrients. The DDS, MBS and DVS correlated positively and significantly with the NAR and MAR. Associations between the NAR and high levels of DVS were more positive than those between the NAR and the DDS. Based on these results, the food intake of these subjects was not adequate. Specially, the dietary intake of calcium and iron were not adequate. Therefore, dietary guidelines should be made considering nutritional characteristics so as to improve the intake from all of the major food groups and provide a variety of foods in their diets.