• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary guidelines for Korean children were released in 2009. The goal of the present study was to examine diet quality in terms of adherence to these dietary guidelines as well as explore the association between guideline adherence and risk of obesity in Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children aged 5-11 years (mean age = 8.9 years old, n = 191, 80.6% girls) were recruited from a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Adherence to dietary guidelines for Korean children was calculated using the Likert scale (1-5), and children were then categorized into low, moderate, and high groups based on adherence scores. Obesity or being overweight was determined based on an age- and gender-specific percentile for body mass index (BMI) of the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Diet quality was evaluated from 3 days of dietary intake data. RESULTS: Children in the high adherence group were characterized by significantly lower BMI percentiles and paternal BMIs as well as higher percentages of fathers with a high level of education and higher household incomes compared to those in the low or moderate group. Children in the high adherence group consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products, were less likely to consume lower than the EAR of phosphorus and iron, and had higher NARs for calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and MAR than those in low groups. The ORs for obesity ($BMI{\geq}95^{th}$ percentile) or being overweight including obesity ($BMI{\geq}85^{th}$ percentile) were significantly lower in the high adherence group compared to the low adherence group (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.82, P for trend = 0.019; OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61 P for trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Korean children who adhered to dietary guidelines displayed better diet quality and a reduced risk of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.88-104
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• 2024

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 2015년부터 2018년도 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 만 19세 이상 성인의 KHEI와 복부비만의 관련성 및 hs-CRP의 매개 효과를 분석한 연구이다. 한국 성인 남성의 경우 허리둘레 90 cm 이상, 여성은 허리둘레 85 cm 이상인 경우에 복부비만군으로 정의하였다. 남성에서 복부비만군은 2,587명, 정상군은 5,007명이였고 여성의 복부비만군은 2,869명, 정상군은 7,307명이였다. KHEI, hs-CRP, 복부비만의 연관성 분석에서는 모든 공변량을 보정하였을 때 남성의 KHEI는 복부비만과 유의한 연관이 없었지만, hs-CRP와 음의 연관성이 있었다. 여성의 경우, 복부비만과 hs-CRP 모두 음의 연관성이 관찰되었다. 또한, 남성과 여성에서 hs-CRP 위험군 (> 1.0 mg/L) 이 hs-CRP 정상군 (≤ 1.0 mg/L)보다 복부비만 유병률이 유의하게 높았다. Bootstrapping을 이용한 매개효과 분석에서는 KHEI와 복부비만 관계에서 hs-CRP가 매개 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 공변량을 단계적으로 보정하였을때 증가하는 양상이 나타났다. 결론적으로, 본 연구 결과는 균형잡힌 식생활를 통한 높은 식사의 질이 hs-CRP에 영향을 미쳐 복부비만 예방에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-210
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• 1997

Low energy intakes, poor nutritional quality, and low food diversity are among the factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly in Korea. Therefore, a nutrition counseling and education program was conducted to promote dietary change and to improve nutritional status of elderly. The 7 step program consisted of a individual nutrition counseling and weekly or biweekly group nutrition education programs. Pre- and post-test measurings of dietary behaviors, attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected. Positive changes in the attitude related to diet were noted, whereas nutritional knowledge scores were not improved. Significant increases were noted in the frequency of vegetable consumption in female and diversity of food consumption in male. The densities of vitamin C(male & female), $B_1$, $B_2$, and niacin, calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), were significantly improved by nutrition counseling and education programs. These results suggest the appropriateness of nutrition intervention programs for the improvement of elderly nutrition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2003

To study the level of change in food and nutrient intake among different age groups, a dietary survey using the 24-hour recall method was conducted among 80 female elementary school children, 84 high school students, 100 adults from 25 to 35 years old and 120 elderly people over 60 years of age. The results of the study showed that plant food and total food intake were higher in adults and animal food intake was significantly higher in children. The percentage of plant food to total food intake was highest in the elderly and that of animal food to total food intake was highest in the children. The elderly consumed significantly less meat and poultry and more fish than the other groups. However, the children consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products. The elderly had the lowest Ca intake. Carbohydrate energy intake in the elderly was 70.3％, significantly higher than that for the other age groups. All of the age groups consumed a quantity of Ca below the Korean RDA and 77.5％ of the elderly consumed an amount below 75％ of the RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of most nutrients was lowest in the elderly. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.88 for the children, 0.84 for the adolescents, 0.80 for the adults, and 0.70 for the elderly. Therefore, the results show that food and nutrient intake changes with advancing age, and the overall quality of the diet of elderly people is lower than that for the other age groups.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2005

소나무 잔나비버섯 균사체 배양액(CM)을 이용한 빵 제조를 위하여 첨가량($30\~50\%$)에 따른 반죽의 발효 및 빵의 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. CM의 첨가량과 반죽의 품질지표(pH, 산도, 반죽부피, 되기, 강도 및 점도) 상호간의 상관분석을 행한 결과 CM은 반죽의 pH를 높임으로서 반죽의 되기 및 강도를 높이는 반면 점도를 감소시켰다. 첨가에 따라 굽기 손실률은 첨가에 따라 감소하였으나, loaf volume index는 첨가량에 따른 대조구와의 유의성은 없었다. 빵 껍질의 L*값은 $30\~40\%$에서는 대조구와 유의차가 없었다. CM을 $30\~40\%$ 첨가한 빵은 대조구보다 낮은 경도(hardness)를 보였다. 그러나 $50\%$ 첨가구에서는 탄력성(springiness), 씹힘성(chewiness) 및 깨짐성(brittleness)이 대조구보다 낮았다. 빵의 외관, 색상 및 조직감은 $30\~40\%$ 범위까지 첨가한 경우는 대조구와 대등한 값을 보였으나 $50\%$ 첨가구에서는 낮은 기호도를 나타내었다. CM을 첨가한 빵은 첨가농도에 비례하여 낮은 노화도를 나타내었으며, 곰팡이 발생도가 낮았다. 이상에서와 전보의 결과를 종합할 때 CM을 $40\%$수준으로 첨가할 경우 빵의 전반적인 품질에 큰 영향을 미치지 않으면서 항당뇨 기능성의 빵 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the relative influence of food intake and menopause on the body composition and bone quality index of women in Wonju who were voluntary participants in a community nutrition program. The status of food intake was examined using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A bioelectrical impedance analysis tool (Inbody 2.0) and SONOST 2000 were used for estimating body composition including criteria such as TWB (Total body water), SLM (Soft lean mass), LBM (Lean body mass), PBF (% body fat) and WHR (Waist hip ratio), and BQI (Bone quality index). 82% of the subjects were over the age of 40. The percentage of overweight subjects was 64.3% overall, and higher in the advanced age group while underweight was prevalent in younger subjects. Although only 8.6% of the total subjects skipped breakfast, this habit was more prevalent in subjects in their twenties and the underweight group. Variables, such as age, menstruation status, and breakfast eating habits were significant factors considered in relation to food intake from 7 food groups. Generally, older aged women ate more vegetables while the younger group consumed more simple sugars and lipids. The subjects who were underweight or skipped breakfast tended to drink higher amounts of soft drinks. With increasing age, BMI, PBF and WHR increased also, and TWB, SLM, LBM, and BQI decreased. According to correlation analysis, WHR has a positive correlation with PBF. BQI correlated with SLM and LBM positively, and with PBF and WHR negatively. Over 93.3% of the subjects over the age of 30 were assessed as having abdominal obesity. It was revealed that body composition was affected not only by age, obesity degree and menstruation status but by various food intake habits. Body composition including WHR and BQI had put many of the subjects' health in danger of metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is important to emphasize keeping in place some helpful habits such as eating regularly, having a proper diet which includes many vegetables, and continued milk intake even after menopause to insure women's good health.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The obese population is rapidly increasing because of reduced physical activity and a Westernized diet; consequently, various chronic diseases are more prevalent. With the increasing interest in body shape and appearance, research on body shape perceptions and accompanying weight control behaviors are needed for healthy weight management. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 536 (209 men and 327 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Body mass index (BMI), body-shape perception, weight control behavior, quality of sleep, and place of residence were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex design in each groups. Collected data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 statistical package, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: When these two variables were divided into four groups, they were found to influence dieting attempts. People with abnormal weights who were dissatisfied with their body shapes attempted dieting 5.23 times more than those with healthy weights and satisfaction with their body shapes. Further, those with normal weights but dissatisfaction with their bodies attempted dieting 4.45 times more than those who were satisfied with their shapes. Subjects in their 20s attempted dieting 2.53 times more than those in their 30s and 40s, and female subjects attempted dieting 2.24 times more than male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A correct perception of one's shape can be an important factor for dietary behavior, as body shape perceptions and dieting attempts are strongly related. Additionally, healthy weight management and nutrition education are important elements to incorporate into a weight control program aimed at preventing excessive weight control behaviors and promoting correct perceptions of body shape.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2015

The present study investigated the effects of Lysophospholipid (LPLs, LIPIDOL$^{TM}$) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Hanwoo heifers. A feeding trial was performed for 120 days until slaughter using a herd of 24 Hanwoo heifers. Eight heifers were assigned to each of 3 experimental groups (control, 0.3% LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ and 0.5% LIPIDOL$^{TM}$). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics were investigated. Significantly improved nutrient digestibility was found in the LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ treatment group compared to the control (p<0.05). No significant effect by LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ supplementation on growth performance was observed (p>0.05). However, interestingly, greater carcass weight was detected in the treatment of LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ where less daily gain was found. Although not a significant effect, greatly decreased back-fat thickness and increased loin area were detected in the treatment of LIPIDOL$^{TM}$. In meat characteristics, LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ increased intramuscular fat and tenderness. Therefore, the present study results suggest that the inclusion of LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ in the diet of Hanwoo heifers can improve carcass performance and meat quality by increasing the carcass index and the meat quality index. The results also suggest that a level of 0.3% might be more efficient than 0.5% with regard to economic effectiveness.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare a nutritionally balanced soft blend diet (SBD) with a soft fluid diet (SFD) on the health of inpatients who have undergone oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery, ultimately aiming to enhance care outcomes, improve health-related quality of life (QOL), and increase satisfaction with the hospital. Methods: Thirty-two patients were randomized into two groups: sixteen received SFD and sixteen received SBD. Anthropometric, laboratory evaluations were conducted upon admission and discharge. Patients filled out questionnaires on demographics, diet satisfaction, food intake amount, and health-related QOL on the day of discharge, assessed using the EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 3 Level and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) instruments. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ² tests for group differences, and paired nonparametric t-tests for within-group comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test evaluated inter-group differences in preoperative weight and body mass index (BMI), postoperative changes, meal satisfaction, intake, health-related QOL, and self-assessed health status. P-values were set at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The SBD group had higher dietary intake (63.2% vs. 51.0%) and greater diet satisfaction (80.6 vs. 48.1, P < 0.0001) compared to SFD group. Health-related QOL, measured by EQ-VAS, was better in SBD group (70.3 vs. 58.8, P < 0.05). Postoperative weight and BMI decreased in SFD group but increased in SBD group (P < 0.01). Changes in laboratory results showed more stability in the SBD group. No postoperative infections were reported in SBD group, whereas SFD group had a 31.25% complication rate. Conclusions: While SFD is often recommended after OMF surgery to protect oral wound healing process, our study reveals that SBD not only enhances physical and psychological outcomes but also, somewhat unexpectedly, supports wound healing and reduces complications. Essentially, SBD promotes physical recovery and enhances health-related QOL than SFD by supporting both somatic and mental healing aspects.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.754-761
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• 2006

본 연구는 chitosan-ascorbate (CA) 첨가(0.1%)가 물김치의 숙성에 미치는 영향과 고콜레스테롤식이 흰쥐의 혈청지질에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. CA첨가 물김치는 무첨가에 비하여 탁도가 낮고, 보존성이 높으며, glucosamine함량이 무첨가에 비하여 $1.84{\sim}2.90$배, SOD활성이 $59.00{\sim}64.24%$로 높았으며 2025 kDa의 chitosan으로 제조한 CA2025가 가장 양호하였다. 동물실험은 SD계 흰쥐로 정상식 이군(NC), 고콜레스테롤 식이군(HC), 고콜레스테롤 식이 김치국물 투여군(HC-KC), 고콜레스테롤 식이 CA 함유 김치국물 투여군(HC-CA2025), 고콜레스테롤 식이 CA2025 1/2농축액 투여군(HC-2CA2025)의 5개군으로 구분하여 5주간 사육하였다. 그 결과, HC-CA2025군과 HC-2CA2025군의 평균체중은 HC군에 비하여 각각 6.9%, 및 8.4%가 감소되었다. 혈청 총 cholesterol의 함량은 HC-CA2025 및 HC-2CA2025군이 각각 88.33 및 85.00 mg/dL로 HC군보다 17.45 및 20.56%가 감소되었다. HC-CA2025 및 HC-2CA2025군의 HDL-cholesterol 함량은 HC군에 비하여는 각각 7% 및 23%가 증가된 반면 LDL-cholesterol 함량은 각각 13% 및 26%가 감소되었고 동맥경화지수도 정상군에는 미치지는 못하나 현저하게 감소되었다. AST 및 ALT활성은 HC군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, HC-KC, HC-CA2025, 및 HC-2CA205 군에서는 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 CA2025는 물김치의 보존성과 품질을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 혈중지질 개선과 동맥경화지수를 떨어트리는 효과가 있어 산업적 활용성이 기대된다.