• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2023

Purpose: The study aims to determine the effect of a breathing exercise on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), and forward head posture in patients with rotator cuff repair. Methods: In total, 25 patients with rotator cuff repair were included in this study. The experimental group (n = 13) underwent a breathing exercise, while the control group (n = 12) received traditional physical therapy. The visual analogue scales (VASs) for pain, flexion and abduction ROM, and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes in the post-intervention compared with the pre-intervention period, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the two-week intervention, the experimental group experienced a significantly decreased VAS (p < 0.05) and significantly increased ROM and CVA (p < 0.05), while the control group experienced a significantly decreased VAS (p < 0.05). Further, the experimental group that underwent the breathing exercise showed greater improvements in flexion and abduction ROM and in the CVA than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that a breathing exercise can reduce shoulder pain and enhance ROM and posture in patients with rotator cuff repair.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the immediate effects of different breathing training techniques on diaphragm excursion and vital capacity in healthy adults. Specifically, the study focused on comparing respiratory exercise without PNF, bilateral pattern respiratory exercise, and bilateral pattern with spiral pattern respiratory exercise. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy adults in their 20s participated in the study. Diaphragm excursion and vital capacity were evaluated under three different conditions. A one-way repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in diaphragm excursion and vital capacity among the interventions. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in diaphragm excursion among the interventions, comparing respiratory exercise without PNF, bilateral pattern respiratory exercise, and bilateral pattern with spiral pattern respiratory exercise. Similarly, statistically significant differences were found in vital capacity among the interventions without PNF respiratory exercise, bilateral pattern respiratory exercise, and bilateral pattern with spiral pattern respiratory exercise. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that incorporating the spiral technique in respiratory exercise led to increased diaphragm excursion and lung capacity compared to other interventions. These findings suggest that PNF respiratory exercise combined with the spiral pattern may have clinical implications for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and clinical application of these approaches.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Objective: To determine if the provision of visual biofeedback using real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) enhances the acquisition and retention of diaphragm muscle recruitment during exercise. Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the verbal feedback group (VG, n=15) or the visual and verbal feedback group (VVG, n=15). The VG performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback, and the VVG also performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback and visual feedback with the use of RUSI to measure changes in diaphragm thickness (DT). For DT, the mid-axillary lines between ribs 8 and 9 on both sides were measured in standing, and then the chest wall was perpendicularly illuminated using a linear transducer with the patients in supine to observe the region between rib 8 and 9 and to obtain 2-dimensional images. DT was measured as the distance between the two parallel lines that appeared bright in the middle of the pleura and the peritoneum. After one week, three repetitions (follow-up session) were performed to confirm retention effects. Intra- and between- group percent changes in diaphragm muscle thickness were assessed. Results: In the VVG, the intervention value had a medium effect size compared to the baseline value, but the follow-up value decreased to a small effect size. In the between-group comparisons, during the intervention session, the VVG showed no significant effect on percent change of DT but had a medium effect size compared to the VG (p=0.050, Cohen's d=0.764). During the follow-up session, retention effect did not persist (p=0.311, Cohen's d=0.381). Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback and improve performance and retention in the ability to activate the diaphragm muscle in healthy subjects. Future research needs to establish a protocol for respiratory intervention to maintain the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training using RUSI with visual feedback.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

생리적 특성이 독특한 횡경막의 운동시 당원이 용양상과 운동 후 경구 투여한 당이 당원으로 재축적되는 과정을 적색비복근과 비교하여 횡경막의 생리적 특성의 일단을 규명하고자 시도한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대조군에서 횡경막의 당원농도는 적색비복근보다 높은 경향을 보였으며, 운동군에서 운동부하 첫 1시간에 횡격막의 당원농도는 약 1/2로 감소하였고 그 후 지속되는 1시간동안에는 별 차이를 보이지 않았으며 적색비복근의 당원농도와는 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나 당원 감소속도를 분석한 결과 횡격막이 적색비복근보다 빠른 경향을 보였다. 횡격막의 당원 재축적량 및 재축적속도를 분석한 결과 운동부하군에서 최대축적량은 적색비복근보다 낮았으며 재축적속도는 대조군에서는 양근에서 비슷하였으나 운동부하군에서는 적색비복근이 빨랐다. 당투여에 의한 골격근의 당원축적은 주로 근원섬유사이에 분포함을 전자현미경 관찰을 통해서 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 횡격막은 운동부하시 당원의 소모는 비교적 빠른 경향이었으나 당투여에 의한 재축적은 느린 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2021

본 연구는 20대 경도 지적장애인들을 대상으로 풍선불기운동이 복합적인 폐활량과 최대환기량에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 한다. 실험군 10명, 대조군 10명으로 실험에 참여하였다. 실험군은 풍선불기운동을 하루에 30분씩 실시하였고, 대조군은 가로막운동을 30분씩 실시하였다. 실험대상자들은 실험전과 실험후에 Fitmate를 사용하여 폐활량과 최대환기량을 측정하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS win 18.0을 실행하였다. 실험대상자는 실험전과 실험후에 차이를 비교하기 위해 대응비교를 실시하였다. 실험 후 실험군은 대조군보다 폐활량과 최대환기량이 더 높게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 실험군은 대조군보다 폐활량과 최대환기량이 더 증가되었다. 지적장애인들을 위한 다양한 호흡운동 프로그램을 개발하여 지속적으로 건강을 관리한다면 삶의 질을 높일 수 있다고 생각한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is not a fragmentary study on characteristics of respiratory synergist when breathing, however it was intended to determine the effect of currently available respiratory exercise and to provide basic clinical information through investigation of oxygen demand and respiratory synergist that mobilizes for respiration during application of respiratory exercise. Methods: Experimental group I was selected from second grade of severity classification of GOLD, which has the highest percentage among patients with COPD, and experimental group II was selected from third grade of severity classification as a clinical sampling. After respiration pursing up lips and diaphragm respiration exercise were mediated together for six weeks, activity of respiratory muscles and oxygen saturation were measured and analyzed. Results: In comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene muscle showed a meaningful decrease in experimental group I. And, in comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in rectus abdominis muscle showed a meaningful increase in experimental group II. In comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in sternocleidomastoid muscle, scalene muscle, and rectus abdominis muscle showed a meaningful difference between experimental groups. Conclusion: Respiratory synergists work mainly as agonist of chest and upper limbs. Therefore it is very important to lower mobilization of respiratory synergist when breathing. It is considered that a multilateral approach and continued clinical research for improvement of respiratory function for patients with COPD will be needed in the future.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary and accessory muscle during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters of the inspiratory muscle trainer (IMT). Methods : The Borg's scale and surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect data of the RPE and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary the external intercostal (EI) and diaphragm (DIA) and accessory muscles anterior scalene (AS), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), pectoralis major (PM), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters (6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm) of the IMT in healthy young male subjects. Results : The RPE and muscle activities of the AS, SCM, and UT are increased significantly in accordance to the decreasing diameter of air hole of air tip in IMT. However, there are no differences in the muscle activities of the PM, EI, and DIA based on differences of diameters of air hole of air tip in IMT. Conclusion : The smaller the diametr of IMT air-hole, RPE and muscle activities of AS, SCM and UT were increased. Therefore, further study would be necessary to investigate the proper intensity and relaxation posture for the exercise protocol to strengthen the inspiratory primary muscles.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2017

Purpose: This study attempts to determine the effects of applying three kinds of breathing exercises for four weeks on the neck muscle activation of subjects with a forward head posture. Methods: A total of 30 adults aged in their twenties (15 men and 15 women) with a forward head posture who voluntarily agreed to participate after listening to the purpose and procedure of this research were chosen as the subjects of this study. The subjects were randomly divided into either the diaphragmatic breathing exercise (DBE) group, the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) group, or the abdominal expansion method (AEM) group according to the breathing intervention scheme. Each group included ten subjects. The muscle activity of the sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, and splenius capitis was measured in all the groups prior to the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, and four weeks after the intervention. All the interventions were implemented for 30 minutes a day, three times a week, for a total of four weeks. Results: No significant between-group difference was observed in terms of the change in neck muscle activity according to the four-week intervention scheme. Further, there was no interaction between the intervention period and the intervention scheme in relation to the change in neck muscle activity. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that abdominal expansion exercise is as effective as other breathing exercise methods for subjects with a forward head posture. We therefore expect that abdominal expansion exercise can be used as a scheme for the prevention of symptoms as well as therapy for patients with a forward head posture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2016

Purpose: This study intended to classify voluntary respiratory exercise and exercise using breathing training equipment to suggest proper respiratory exercise to relieve symptoms of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: Sixteen subjects were randomly selected for experimental group I, which performed feedback breathing exercise and 15 subjects were randomly selected for experimental group II, which performed a complex breathing exercise. The mediation program was performed 30 minutes a session, once a day, three times a week, for five weeks. This study analyzed before and after results within groups and between groups through measurement of respiratory muscle activity and health-related quality of life. Results: Activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene muscle increased meaningfully within experimental group I and activity of diaphragm increased significantly within experimental group II (p<0.05) and there was a meaningful difference in health-related quality of life within experimental group II (p<0.05). Significant differences in change of activity of respiratory muscle and health-related quality of life were observed between groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed conflicting results between activity of agonist and synergist in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to types of respiratory exercise and that complex respiratory exercise is more effective in health-related quality of life. Therefore, it found that the more severity increase, the more self-respiratory technique is an effective program. Diversified approach methods will be needed to improve respiratory function and quality of life for patients, and continuous clinical studies will be needed in the future.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2016

목 적 : 폐암환자의 호흡동조 방사선 치료 계획 시 호흡 훈련 전후 RPM 신호와 횡격막 위치 변화를 분석하여 호흡 훈련의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 2016년 4월부터 8월까지 호흡 동조 방사선 치료를 받는 환자 11명을 대상으로 호흡 훈련을 시행하였고 동시에 RPM 신호 및 횡격막 영상을 획득하였다. 호흡 훈련은 총 3단계로 1단계 자유 호흡 상태의 신호 획득, 2단계 호흡 신호 가이드를 통한 1차 호흡 신호 획득, 3단계 설명과 반복 훈련으로 규칙성과 안정을 유도한 최종 호흡 신호를 획득 하였다. 각 단계의 흡기와 호기시 RPM 신호와 투시 영상의 횡격막 위치의 평균값, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값을 구하고, 이를 1단계 값으로 표준화 하여 2, 3단계를 상대분포 백분율(%)로 변환하여 환자의 호흡 변화와 내부 움직임을 분석 함으로써 각 환자의 호흡훈련 유용성을 평가 하였다. 결 과 : RPM 신호와 횡격막 진폭을 측정한 뒤, 1단계를 100%으로 표준화하여 각 단계의 평균값과 표준편차의 오차 평균을 구하였다. 그 결과, 3단계 최종호흡 획득 시 진폭의 상대평균 및 표준편차 모두 감소가36.4%, 표준편차만 감소가 18.2%, 진폭만 감소가 36.4%로 나타났으며, 횡격막 영상의 위치 측정 시 3단계에서 전체 81.8%의 환자에게서 상대평균 진폭 값이 30% 감소함을 보였다. 그러나 모든 환자들에게서 2단계 대비 3단계의 RPM 신호와 횡격막 진폭이 각각 평균 52.6%, 42.1% 감소함을 보였다. 또한, RPM 신호와 횡격막 영상 진폭 차이의 연관성은 2번 10번 환자를 제외하고 각각 1, 2, 3단계 움직임의 패턴이 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 호흡 동조 방사선치료에서 호흡 훈련을 시행하였을 때 최적화된 호흡 주기를 유도할 수 있었으며, 모의 호흡 훈련을 치료 전 시행함으로써 불규칙적인 호흡에 의한 환자의 호흡을 제어해 폐의 움직임을 예측 가능 하게 해주는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 궁극적으로는 방사선 치료의 체계적 오류를 최소화해 보다 정확한 치료를 기대할 수 있어 호흡 훈련이 유용하다고 할 수 있겠다.그러나 본 연구는 치료 전 호흡 훈련을 시행한 자료를 바탕으로 분석한 연구로 제한되어 있으며 추후 실제 CT 계획과 치료 시 획득한 자료를 가지고 검증하는 것도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.