• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diadochokinetic characters in the patients with spastic cerebral palsy(CP) in severity. The diadochokinetic characters were measured through rate, regularity, accuracy and consistency. The subjects participated in this study included 27 persons with spastic CP(mild- 9, moderate- 9, severe- 9) and 9 normal persons who is around 11-20 years old. On the result of this study, rate in AMR was significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group, and rate in SMR was significant difference between normal and mild groups and moderate and severe groups. In regularity of diadochokinetic task, severe group had significant difference the other groups. Finally, accuracy and consistency of diadochokinetic task exhibited significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.38-49
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• 1998

Dysarthrias are a sort of neuromotor disorders because of the weakness of neuromotor controls. They are classified in six types on the basis of Mayo clinic research: flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypokinetic, hypekinetic and mixed types. Five dysarthria types are investigated in this study. MRI, EMG, neuropathological tests are essential diagnostic processing. Visi-Pitch and Spectrgraphy, CSL are used for assessing dysarthria speech. Maximum phonation time, diadochokinetic rate, Voice Onset Time and substitution rate are the speech evaluation parameters. Maximum phonation time and diadochokinetic rates are the lowest in case of spastic and ataxic dysarthrias. Spastic dysarthria shows the substituted glottalized consonants. However, flaccid, ataxic and hypokinetic dysarthrias show the substituted aspirated consonants. VOT is the longest for hypokinetic dysarthria and the shortest for ataxic dysarthria. Jitter shows higher percentage in comparison with control group. Speech evaluation using experimental phonetic instruments help create on international standardization of speech evaluation for speech disorders.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2003

Diadochokinetic (DDK) speech task has been utilized as an evaluating tool for speakers with dysarthria for many years. This study attempted to differently diagnose multiple system atrophy (MSA) from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) using patients' performance of DDK (i.e., alternate motion rate (AMR)). The subjects included 11 cases of pathologically confirmed MSA and 16 IPD patients who commonly presented with parkinsonian syndrome. The speech sample of each patient was analyzed acoustically using the MSPTM(Motor Speech Profile, a module of CSL). The results showed that the average DDK rate was significantly faster in the IPD than the MSA groups in all three syllables (i.e., /puh/, /tuh/. and /kuh/). We propose the average DDK rate variable as a core clinical trait in differentiating the two pathological conditions.

• MALSORI
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• no.58
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• pp.1-18
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate diadochokinetic (DDK) characteristics in the subjects with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) by severity. DDK characteristics were measured through rate, regularity, accuracy and consistency in Alternate Motion rate (AMR) and Sequential Motion rate (SMR) tasks. The subjects participated in this study included 27 subjects with spastic CP (mild- 9, moderate- 9, severe- 9) and 9 normal persons who are around 11-20 years old. On the result of this study, rate in AMR was significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group, and rate in SMR was significant difference between normal and mild groups and moderate and severe groups. In regularity of the DDK tasks, severe group had significant difference the other groups. Finally, accuracy and consistency of the DDK tasks exhibited significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group. In conclusion, the subjects with spastic CP have a tendency to produce slow and irregular syllable repetition as severity increases, but to produce inaccurate and inconsistent syllable repetition regardless of severity in the DDK tasks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

Background and Objectives : Dysarthria refers to speech disorder that causes difficulties in speech communication due to paralysis, muscle weakening, and incoordination of speech muscle mechanism caused by damaged central or peripheral nerve system. Pitch, strength and speed are influenced by dysarthria during detonation due to difficulties in muscle control. As evaluation items, alternate motion rate and diadochokinesis have been commonly used, and articulation is also an important evaluation items. The purpose of this study is to find acoustic characteristics on sound production of dysarthria patients. Materials and Methods : Research subjects have been selected as 20 dysarthria patients and 20 subjects for control group, and voice sample was composed of bilabial, alveolar sound, and velar sound in diadochokinetic rate, while consonant articulation test was composed of bilabial plosive, alveolar plosive, velar plosive. Analysis items were composed of 1) speaking rate, energy, articulation time of diadochokinesis, 2) voice onset time (VOT), total duration (TD), vowel duration (VD), hold of plosives. Results and Conclusions : The number of diadochokinetic rate of dysarthria was smaller than control group. Both control group and dysarthria group was highly presented in the order of /t/>/p/>/k/. Minimum energy range per cycle during diadochokinetic rate of dysarthria group was smaller than control group, and presented statistical significance in /p/, /k/, /ptk/. Maximum energy range was larger than control group, and presented statistical significance in /t/, /ptk/. Articulation time, gap, total articulation time during diadochokinetic rate of dysarthria group was longer than control group and presented statistical significance. The articulation time was presented in both control group and dysarthria group in the order of /k/>/t/>/p/, while Gap was presented in the order of /p/>/t/>/k/ for control group and /p/>/k/>/t/ for dysarthria group. VOT, TD, VD regarding plosives of dysarthria group were longer than control group. Hold showed large deviation compared to control group that had appeared due to declined larynx and articulation organ motility.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2008

This study was to investigate diadochokinetic (DDK) rate, regularity and mean flow rate of articulation valves in dysarthria. DDK rate, mean airflow rate (MFR) and regularity of DDK syllable repetitions of vocal function /ihi/, tongue function /ta/, velopharyngeal function /bm/, and labial function /pa/ in 24 normal and dysarthric speakers were measured. Aerophone Ⅱ and Motor Speech Profile were used for data recording and analysis. The results of the findings were as follows: First, there were significant differences between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK rate. DDK rates in ataxic dysarthria were the lowest and spastic, flaccid, and hypokinetic dysarthria followed in sequence. Second, there was a significant difference between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK regularity. Third, there was a significant difference between dysarthria groups and normal group in DDK MFR. Finally, there was a significant difference between the 4 groups of dysarthria and the normal group in DDK air flow tracking. The results of this study can be guidelines for normal DDK rate, regularity and flow rate in dysarthria groups. In addition, their differential diagnoses and descriptions are important to make a decision on medical and behavioral management of the individuals with disorders according to DDK characteristics.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.69-89
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• 1998

The aim of this study is to develop an objectively method of speech evaluation for children with cleft palates. To assess velopharyngeal function, Visi-Pitch, Computerized Speech Lab. (CSL), Nasometer and Palatometer were used for this study. Acoustic parameters were measured depending on the diagnostic instruments: Pitch (Hz), sound pressure level (dB), jitter (%) and diadochokinetic rate by Visi-Pitch, VOT and vowels formant ($F_1\;&\;F_2$) by a Spectrography and the degree of hypernasality by Nasometer. In addition, Palatometer was used to find the lingual-palatal patterns of cleft palate. Ten children with cleft palates and fifty normal children participated in the experiment. The results are as follows: (1) Higher nasalance of children with cleft palates showed the resonance disorder. (2) The cleft palate showed palatal misarticulation and lateral misarticulation on the palatogram. (3) Children with cleft palates showed the phonatory and respiratory problems. The duration of sustained vowels in children with cleft palates was shorter than in the control groups. The pitch of children with cleft palates was higher than in the control groups. However, intensity, jitter and diadochokinetic rate of children with cleft palates were lower than in the control group. (4) On the Spectrogram, the VOT of children with cleft palates was longer than control group. $F_1\;&\;F_2$ were lower than in the control group.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.67-88
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• 1997

The aim of this study is to develop an assessment program of speech rehabilitation for children having some language and speech disorders. Patients of dysarthria, tonsillectomy, tonsilhypertrophy, and nasal obstruction were selected for this experimental clinical phonetic study. Formant variations ($F_1\;&\;F_2$) show pre- and post-operation differences in tonsillectomy and cleft palate patients. Nasal formants ($NF_1\;&\;NF_2$) show pre- and post-operation differences in nasal obstruction. The articulation reaction time (ART) as a parameter was used to assess Voice Onset Time(VOT). It was shown longer duration for hypokinetic dysarthria and shorter for atoxic dysarthria.. The diadochokinetic rate was measured by Visi-pitch. Lower diadochokinetic rate appeared to spastic and dysarthria in comparison with the control group. It was shown that the nasalance of tonsilhypertrophy, nasal obstruction, and cleft palate patients was seen to increase after operation. In addition, the assessment of nasality can be measured only by simple vowels such as /a/ and /i/.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.391-400
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was investigated the effect of orofacial training video program using smart device on oral cavity structure and function, diadochokinetic rate in acute stroke patients with dysarthria. Present study participated in fourteen acute stroke patients with dysarthria. All subjects assigned that randomized each seven patients in experimental and control group. Subjects of two groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy for 4 weeks. Experimental group performed additionally that orofacial training video program using smart device, supervised under caregivers, during 30 min/day. The outcome measures were the oral cavity structure and function of subscale for KOMSE(: Korean Oro-motor Mechanism Screening Examination), AMR(: Alternating Motion Rate), SMR(: Sequential Motion Rate). In results, Both group showed significant improvements after intervention in all assessments(p<.05). In comparison of change between two groups, experimental group showed significant improvements than control group in oral cavity function, /p ə/ and /tə/ of AMR(p<.05). We suggested that orofacial training video program using smart device expected to positive effects the improvements of oral cavity and articulator function in acute stroke patients with dysarthria.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Aging is related to anatomical and physiological changes in respiratory and phonation organs. These changes influence articulation which leads to inaccurate speech and slow articulatory diadochokinesis(DDK). DDK indicates the range, rate, regularity, accuracy, and agility of articulation that reflect motor speech function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rates and regularities of DDK in healthy Korean elderly through passive acoustic analysis (Praat). Thirty subjects between the ages of 65 and 94 participated in this study. Rate was observed for 5 seconds, while regularity was calculated based on the standard deviation on the following: 1) syllable duration of each task; 2) gap duration between syllables. Then, simple regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the effect of age on performance. The result showed that the slow rate was not a significant factor in terms of advancing age. Furthermore, regularity indicated a significant difference in the following: 1) /pʌ/, /kʌ/ and /pʌtʌkʌ/ in syllable duration; 2) /kʌ/ duration in the gap between syllables. In conclusion, articulatory coordination is reduced with the onset of aging. In particular, /kʌ/ would be a sensitive task for articulatory coordination.