• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

Objectives: Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethyl-acetate fraction of an ethanolic extract from Streospermum suaveolens on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with an ethyl-acetate fraction orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 14 days. On the $15^{th}$ day, serum lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were estimated in experimental rats. The atherogenic (AI) and the coronary risk (CRI) indices were also evaluated. Results: The ethyl-acetate fraction at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL, but increased HDL towards near normal levels as compared to diabetic control rats. The fraction also significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CAI) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the ethyl-acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens exhibits a potent antihyperlipidemic activity in hyperglycemic rats and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in treating the diabetic complication of hyperlipidemia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.438-442
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• 2010

Rhemannie Radix Preparata (RRP) has been previously employed in traditional oriental medicine as a treatment for diabetic thirst and improving blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate its hypoglycemic control by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Further, RRP extracts were prepared in water (RRPW), in 50% ethanol (RRP50), and in 100% ethanol (RRP100), respectively, and compared for their actions in diabetic rats. The oral treatment of RRP (5 mg/kg b.w./d) to diabetic rats for 21 days resulted in a significant decline in blood glucose by 67% compared to diabetic control rats (P < 0.05). The altered activities of glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the livers of diabetic rats were reversed significantly to near-normal levels by the administration of RRP (P < 0.05). Among the three RRP extracts, RRP100 was the most effective in terms of hypoglycemic action. However, the administration of RRP to diabetic rats did not improve insulin production. The modulatory effects of RRP100 on the attenuation of carbohydrate enzyme activities appear to hold promise for widespread use for the treatment of diabetes in the future.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.130.3-131
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• 2003

The biological effects of NADPH-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) inhibitor. DA-11004, was examined in obese zucker rats or streptozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.8) into the tail vein and induction of diabetes was confirmed by the measurement of the tail blood glucose level at 48h. DA-11004 (30mg/kg, po) was injected for successive 7days and significantly reduced the plasma glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (P<0.05). (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.203-206
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• 2004

Effects of the EtOH extract from Pelvetia siliquosa on $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity as well as streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats were investigated. The EtOH extract was found to cause an inhibition of the rise in the transaminase activities in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Also, the EtOH extract exhibited a rat lens aldose reductase inhibition in vitro and showed an inhibition of not only glucose concentrations but also sorbitol accumulations in the lenses, red blood cells and sciatic nerves in the STZ-induced diabetic rats in vivo. These results suggested that this plant might possess hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic activities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2007

The methanol extract of seeds of Swietenia macrophylla King. (MESM) was studied for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. It was principally aimed to correlate the efficacious role of MESM on reduction of oxidative state associated with diabetes. The extract was found to be potent antidiabetic evidenced by significant reduction of blood glucose level in diabetic rats (47.96% reduction of blood glucose level, at 300 mg/kg, on day 10). It was found that, MESM at 300 mg/kg, significantly decreased TBARS (35.03 and 22.22%) whilst increased GSH (86.75 and 31.45%), SOD (93.05 and 45.88%) and CAT (56.99 and 68.46%) levels in liver and kidney respectively in diabetic rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-116
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• 1990

People in some tropical countries used to use some plant extracts in folklore medicine as treatment of diabetes melitus. Of these plants is Calligonum comsum ("orta"). The present work deals with the biochemical effects of the whole plant water extract given orally to the albino rats, normals and alloxan diabetics, as to fulfil its hypoglycemic effects on rats. The results showed that "orta" extract produced a hypoglycemic effect indicated by the decrease in blood sugar level. It was observed that the diabetic state in rats treated with 300 mg/kg body weight of "orta" extract, was alleviated, showeing normal levels of blood glucose, liver fat and cholesterol contents. Liver proteins were still below the normal level in the rats. Gibenclamide, a hypoglycemic drug, was used for comparison with "ora" extract. Although it did alleviate the diabetic state, yet the liver fat and cholesterol contents were still higher than those of normal. Also the liver proteins were lower than the control levels.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.91-103
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• 2006

Objectives : Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many effects have been fried to regulate oxygen free radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Because Holotrichia has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes, the methanol extract of Holotrichia was tested for its effectiveness in reducing the oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin. Methods : Holotrichia was washed, dried in the shade and crushed. The crushed Holotrichia was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 17 g. Holotrichia extract was oral-administed to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days. The efficacy of the Holotrichia extract was examined with regard to the enzymatic pathways involved in the oxygen free radical production and the glutathione balance. Results : The Effects of the methanol extract of Holotrichia in streptozotocin-induced diabolic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose level, hepatic lipid peroxide level, hepatic superoxide anion radical content. hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion rate, hepatic glutathione level, hepatic aldose reductase activity, and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were shown to be good enough to cure and prevent the diabetes and its complications. Conclusions : These results indicated that Holotrichia might reduce the oxidative stress in the tissues and organs by regulating the production of oxygen free radicals. Especially, Holotrichia might prevent and cure the diabetes and its complications by reducing the oxidative stress in the ${\beta}$-cells of pancreas. Some suggestions on biophoton experiments were made.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2010

To identify the treatment effect of lactic acid bacteria for diabetes, the treatment effects of a single administration of acarbose (a diabetes treatment drug) or lactic acid bacteria, and the mixture of acarbose and lactic acid bacteria on diabetes in a type 1 diabetes animal model, were studied. In this study, streptozotocin was inoculated into a Sprague-Dawley rat to induce diabetes, and sham control (Sham), diabetic control (STZ), STZ and composition with live cell, STZ and composition with heat killed cell, STZ and composition with drugs (acarbose) were orally administered. Then the treatment effect on diabetes was observed by measuring the body weight, blood glucose, and serum lipid. For the histopathological examination of the pancreas, the Langerhans islet of the pancreas was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the renal cortex, outer medullar, and inner medullar were also observed. The induced diabetes decreased the body weight, and the fasting blood glucose level decreased in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group and the mixture-administered group. In addition, the probiotic resulted in the greatest decrease in the serum cholesterol level, which is closely related to diabetes. Also, the hematoxylin and eosin staining of the Langerhans islet showed that the reduction in the size of the Langerhans islet slowed in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group. The histopathological examination confirmed that the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy decreased in the group to which viable bacteria and acarbose were administered, unlike in the group to which dead bacteria was administered. The mixture of lactic acid bacteria and acarbose and the single administration of lactic acid bacteria or acarbose had treatment effects on the size of the Langerhans islet and of the kidney histopathology. Thus, it is believed that lactic acid bacteria have treatment effects on diabetes and can be used as supplements for the treatment of diabetes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.337-343
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• 2010

Fenofibrate, an agonist of $PPAR{\alpha}$, plays an important role in activating many proteins catalyzing lipid metabolism, and it also has a considerable effect on improvement of insulin sensitivity in the diabetic condition. To investigate fenofibrate-dependent expression of peripheral tissue proteins in diabetes, we analyzed whole muscle or fat proteins of fenofibrate-fed OLETF rats, an animal model of type II diabetes, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found that many proteins were specifically expressed in a fenofibrate-dependent manner in these diabetic rats. In particular, a functionally unknown C11orf59 protein was differentially expressed in the muscle tissues (about 5-fold increase) in fenofibrate-fed OLETF rats as compared to control rats. Additionally, the signal proteins phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein and IkB interacting protein were differentially regulated in the fenofibrate-treated adipose tissues. We suggest here that these proteins might be involved in controlling lipid or carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes via $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.675-683
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• 2003

This study investigated the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxidation and anti oxidative enzyme activity as indices of oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 7 weeks were used as experimental animals, which were divided into the non-diabetic control group and the diabetic group. The diabetic group received an intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were divided into four dietary groups which contained different amounts of $\beta$-carotene; 0%, 0.002%, 0.02%, or 0.2% of the diet. The diabetic rats were fed the experimental diets and the non-diabetic rats were fed the basal diet without $\beta$-carotene supplementation for 2 weeks and then sacrificed. The diabetic group had a significantly higher blood glucose level than the non-diabetic group. However, blood glucose level were not significantly changed by the level of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, the diabetic control group indicated a significant increase of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Liver TBARS level also tended to be higher in diabetic control group, although it was not significant. The $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not reduce plasma TBARS level. However, Liver TBARS level was significantly decreased when 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene was supplemented in the diet. The liver lipofuscin level in the diabetic control group was higher than in the non-diabetic control group, but the effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not show any differences. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the diabetic group, but it was increased in groups receiving 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, lower activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were observed in the diabetic control group, although it was not significant. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities tended to increase as the levels of $\beta$-carotene supplementation increased, although it was not statistically significant. Therefore, it seems that dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation might reduce diabetic complications by partly decreasing the lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidative enzyme in diabetes.