• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.380-389
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in HbA1c through an education and consultation intervention with diabetic workers. Methods: The participants were 65 workers with Type 2 diabetes. The data were collected from May to October 2014 using questionnaires. The intervention program included six monthly sessions on exercise, dietary habits, stress management, and diabetes knowledge. Changes in HbA1c were evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests with SPSS WIN23.0. Results: The mean of HbA1c was 7.67% before intervention and 7.28% after intervention, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The mean level of HbA1c was significantly different depending on job position, working hours, work duration, and smoking habit. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings support the usefulness of intervention programs in reducing HbA1c. Therefore, appropriate intervention programs involving exercise, dietary habits, stress management and diabetes knowledge should be developed and provided to diabetic workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of diabetes and self-care behavior of patients with diabetes mellitus living in rural area. Methods: Participants in this study were 94 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected from July 13 to September 14, 2012. The instruments were the knowledge of diabetes measurement developed by Park Oh Jang and the measurement of self-care behavior for patients with diabetes developed by Kim Young Ok. Data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN 18.0 program for t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test. Results: There were significant differences in knowledge of diabetes according to education level (p=.011), alcohol use (p=.010), regular exercise (p=.046), and duration of illness (p=.045). There were significant differences in self-care behavior of patients with diabetes according to satisfaction with income (p=.031), regular exercise (p<.001), experience with diabetes education (p=.001), number of diabetes education sessions (p<0.001), and complications (p=.001). Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, there is a need to develop and confirm the efficacy of education programs by examining their fit to characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus living in rural areas.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.221-235
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• 2016

Purpose: This study explored experiences of diabetes education among educators of diabetes. Methods: Data were collected from individual in-depth interviews with 10 nurses and 2 dieticians with had at least 3 years of experience in diabetes education. Data collection was conducted between May 2014 and February 2015. All interviews were recorded and stored as digital audio files, which were then transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: Analysis showed that four categories could be derived from the data: 1) barriers of diabetes education from an educator's perspective, 2) barriers of diabetes education form a patient's perspective, 3) facilitating factors of diabetes education from an educator's perspective, and 4) facilitating factors of diabetes education from a patient's perspective. Conclusion: This study suggests the necessity to strengthen the policy systems and financial support at a national level to provide diabetes education with higher quality to patients. In addition, it is required to develop various diabetes education programs with consideration to patient characteristics.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-26
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of nursing intervention programs for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through a critical review of recent studies. Methods: Studies related to effects of nursing intervention programs for women with GDM published in English or Korean between 2000 and 2019 were extracted from 10 electronic databases. The quality of the studies was evaluated and double-checked for accuracy by two reviewers using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Results: Twenty studies were selected, of which 19 had a low risk of bias and one had a high risk of bias. Interventions fell into six main groups: (1) integrated interventions, (2) self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, (3) dietary interventions, (4) exercise, (5) psychotherapy, and (6) complementary therapy. This review found that nursing interventions for GDM were of many types, and integrated interventions were the most common. However, low-carbohydrate diets and blood glucose monitoring interventions did not show statistically significant results. Evidence shows that various nursing intervention programs applied to GDM improved diverse aspects of maternal, fetal, and neonatal health, including both physical and psychological aspects. Conclusion: The composition and delivery of integrated interventions continue to evolve, and these interventions affect physical and psychological indicators. Although interventions affecting physical health indicators (e.g., blood glucose levels, diet, and exercise) are important, many studies have shown that programs including psycho-emotional nursing interventions related to anxiety, depression, stress, self- efficacy, and self-management are also highly useful.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of diabetes and insulin use in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: Participants (139) were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in an urban city. Knowledge of diabetes knowledge was measured by a brief diabetes knowledge test which had two components: a 14-item general test and a 9-item insulin-use subscale. Result: The average scores for knowledge of diabetes and insulin were 62.4 and 41.8 respectively. Scores were lower for items on the definition of glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetic diet, signs of ketoacidosis, and insulin reaction compared to other items. Knowledge scores were significantly lower for older participants, those who had lower levels of education, those who did not have a spouse, those who did not have a job, those who were not being treated with insulin, and those who tested their blood glucose less than 3 times a day. Conclusion: Definition of glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetic diet, signs of ketoacidosis, and insulin reaction should be included in education for patients with type 2 diabetes. Special education programs should be developed for elderly people, those with low levels of education those without a spouse, or without a job, or who are not being treated with insulin.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was for analysis the educational needs of personnels who works for hypertension and diabetes centers in community in order to serve as the basis for the development of the future educational programs. Methods: To analyze the educational needs of personnels who wokrs for hypertension and diabetes centers in community, a survey based on CompHP core competencies framework for health promotion was conducted in September 2016. 102 personnels were answered to the online questionnaires and collected data were analyzed through SPSS. Results: The highest point of educational needs was 'how to use verbal and non-verbal effective communication skills' among 46 core competencies for health promotion and 'self-management practical skills for hypertension and diabetes patients'. There were some differences of educational needs between leaders and general staff members of centers. Most wanted educational subjects of leaders are 'contribute to the development and dissemination of health promotion evaluation and research process', and 'use evaluation findings to refine and improve health promotion action'. On the other hand, most general staff members of centers wanted 'use effective communication skills including written, verbal, non-verbal, and listening skills' and 'facilitate the development of personal skills that will maintain and improve health. Conclusions: Evidence-based and long-term educational programs should be developed for personnels who works for hypertension and diabetes centers in community.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2010

Purpose: This study is conducted to examine the relationship among self management, HbA1c, and perceived health status of type II diabetes patients in community health department. Methods: Data were collected from 93 type II diabetes patients who are registered at five community health center using comprehensive survey, modified self care behavior, blood glucose and HbA1c were assessed by nurses. The data was analyzed by the SPSS (14.0) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: There was significant relationship between perceived health status and HbA1c (r=-.252, p=.015). There was significant relationship between self management and HbA1c (r=-.279, p=.007). Conclusion: In order to control blood glucose in the type II diabetes patients, it is necessary to develop supportive self management programs by considering perceived health status.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Compared to that in the Caucasian population, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence rates are very low in Koreans. Therefore, compared to the recent development of pharmacological therapy applicable to Korean children with T1DM, interest in nonpharmacological therapy and psychosocial support systems remains low, as is the development of Korean-style T1DM education programs for therapeutic application. Children who have been newly diagnosed with diabetes are placed in completely new environments for treatment. For appropriate control of diabetes, patients have to self-monitor blood glucose levels and inject insulin several times a day and must use extreme self-control when they eat foods to avoid increases in blood glucose levels. Blood glucose excursions resulting from impaired pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell functions cause mental stress due to vague fears of chronic complications of diabetes. In addition, children with diabetes cannot be excluded from the substantial amount of studies required of Korean adolescents, and the absolute shortage of time for ideal control of diabetes adds to their mental stress. Many of these patients are psychologically isolated in school where they spend most of their time, and they are not appropriately considered or supported with respect to blood glucose control in many cases. In this respect, this author will introduce some of the newest views on nonpharmacological therapy and psychosocial support systems that account for important parts of T1DM management and seek measures to apply them in conformity with the social characteristics of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to investigate the current practice of diabetes education along with the specific interventions, process, and outcomes in community health centers in Korea. Methods: Data were collected by a mail questionnaire from September 20, 2012 to December 20, 2012. Among 253, a total of 161 responded, constituting a 63.3% return rate. Results: Primary staff of diabetes education was the nurse and respondents recognized their role largely as a director. More than half of respondents provided education to people with type 2 diabetes by group. Most common service offered was nutrition therapy and the majority of respondents used printed materials. Among 4 criteria of outcomes, eating (nutrition), knowledge scores, blood pressure, and patients' survey on satisfaction were collected most frequently. Nearly three quarters of respondents were not participated in activities for quality improvement and outcomes were not reported properly. Conclusions: The results are able to draw ideas for organizing diabetes education programs and evaluating outcomes in community heath centers. This article has significance that it is the first comprehensive survey of diabetes education practice in community health centers and provides a baseline for establishing national standards of diabetes self-management education.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.509-517
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and health promoting behaviors, and investigated factors affecting health-promoting behaviors of middle-aged people. Methods: From August to September 2014, a convenience sample of 264 subjects was recruited from B city and G province. The data analysis was done by ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Diabetes knowledge was $11.3{\pm}3.63$ in men and $12.7{\pm}3.74$ in women. The average levels of self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors of subjects were similar with other middle-aged individuals. Diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and health promoting behaviors had a positive correlation with each other in both men and women. To test the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between diabetes knowledge and health promoting behaviors, a Sobel test was performed and Z-scores of 3.698(p<.001) in men and 2.748(p=.006) in women were obtained. Conclusion: Diabetes prevention education is recommended for the middle-aged community. When developing diabetes prevention program for middle-aged people, such programs should consider self-efficacy, especially in women.